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"Studi eksperimen ini merupakan bagian dari payung research sambungan spun pile pile cap berbasis common practice yang ada di Indonesia. Studi eksperimen ini menggunakan Digital Image Correlation (DIC) sebagai metode untuk mengetahui deformasi lateral dari sebuah benda uji silinder tanpa memerlukan kontak langsung. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mempelajari penggunaan DIC menggunakan tools yang sederhana (Low cost DIC) dalam studi eksperimen sambungan spun pile dan pile cap yang diberi beban lateral siklik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa low-cost DIC dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis perpindahan horizontal dari benda uji struktur silinder, menggambarkan pola retak yang terjadi, dan menghitung lebar retak pada bendai uji, serta dapat menggambarkan grafik kurvatur dari benda uji dengan baik

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This experimental study is part of the research common practice-based spun pile pile cap connection in Indonesia. This experimental study uses Digital Image Correlation (DIC) as a method to determine the lateral deformation of a cylindrical specimen without requiring direct contact. The purpose of this research is to study the use of DIC using simple tools (Low cost DIC) in an experimental study of spun pile and pile cap connection that are subjected to lateral cyclic loads. The analysis results show that the low-cost DIC can be used to analyze the horizontal displacement of the cylindrical structure specimen, describe the crack pattern that occurs, and calculate the crack width on the test object, and can describe the curvature graph of the test object properly."

"Untuk memperoleh sistem penahan beban lateral yang efektif dan efisien dari sebuah struktur dinding geser berangkai, balok perangkai harus didesain daktail dengan perilaku histeresis yang stabil saat pembebanan siklik. Balok profil baja dapat digunakan sebagai balok perangkai yang didesain daktail terhadap beban geser dimana prilakunya mirip dengan link geser pada struktur rangka bresing eksentris. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi perilaku inelastis dari balok perangkai baja yang digunakan pada struktur dinding geser berangkai beton bertulang. Struktur bangunan 10 lantai dengan dua dinding geser berbentuk C yang dirangkai dengan dinding geser berbentuk I dan dikelilingi oleh struktur portal beton bertulang dievaluasi dengan analisis statik nonlinier (pushover analysis). Struktur beton bertulang didesain berdasarkan SNI 03-2847-2002, sedangkan prosedur dan parameter inelastis untuk analisis statik nonlinier diadopsi dari FEMA 356. Perilaku inelastis dari balok perangkai baja dimodelkan dengan sendi plastis momen dan geser yang didistribusikan di sepanjang bentang untuk mengevaluasi jenis dan perkembangan pembentukan sendi plastis. Hasil analisis statik nonlinier pushover menunjukkan bahwa sistem hibrid ini mempunyai daktilitas yang cukup tinggi. Semakin kaku balok perangkai baja yang digunakan, akan memberikan kinerja dan daktilitas struktur yang semakin meningkat dalam menahan beban gempa.

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In order to achieve an effective and efficient lateral load-resisting system of couple wall structure, the coupling beam have to posse stable hysteretic response under cyclic loading. Steel coupling beam can be designed to provide satisfactory hysteretic behavior by yielding in shear, similar to behavior of a shearlink in eccentrically braced frame.

This research provides an evaluation of inelastic behavior of hybrid couple wall system, in which steel beams are used to couple reinforced concrete shearwall. The 10-story hybrid cople wall structure which steel coupling beam are used to couple reinforced concrete shearwall is analyzed using nonlinier static procedure or pushover analysis.

Detailing requirement of reinforce concrete structure was designed based on the SNI 03-2847-2002 and nonlinear static procedure and inelastic parameter adopted form FEMA 356. Hinge property that distributed along the span used to represent inelastic shear and moment behavior of steel coupling beam. From the result of pushover analysis hybrid couple wall provided good performance dan ductility."

"Jembatan sembayat pada fase konstruksi membutuhkan shoring sebagai penyangga sementara dari struktur yang membentang melewati sungai, shoring dibuat dengan tiang pancang yang dipancang didasar sungai. terjadinya banjir membuat sebagian shoring hanyut terbawa sungai karena tidak mampu menahan beban lateral akibat arus sungai yang bertambah. berdasarkan pendekatan manning kecepatan aliran selama banjir terjadi 23 November-6 Desember adalah sekitar 13 m/s-14 m/s, kemudian gaya yang disebabkan oleh banjir pada tiap tiang dimodelkan dengan ANSYS FLUENT, lalu setelah didapatkan gaya dibuat pemodelan interaksi tanah tiang menggunakan MIDAS GTS-NX. Penelitian ini meninjau persebaran gaya yang diterima tiang akibat beban air, dan deformasi yang terjadi pada tiang, kemudian penambahan kedalaman dilakukan untuk melihat efeknya terhadap deformasi puncak pada tiang grup, dan meneliti keberadaan efisiensi lateral pada tiang grup akibat pembebanan akibat arus sungai.

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Bridge of sembayat, in the construction stages, need shoring for temporary support to structural slab which is span over the river of bengawan solo, shoring made of driven steel pipe that embedded below river floor, the happening of the flood cause the shoring to drift because of fracture or excessive deformation, induced, by the lateral load of river current. Based on Manning approach, the velocity of river during the flood between 23 November 2016 until 6 December 2016 is around 13 m/s to 14 m/s. The force induced by the river current modelled with ANSYS FLUENT , than the force obtained, used for modelling the interaction of soil pile with MIDAS GTS NX. This research observe the distibution of force along the pile configuration, and deformation which happened at pile because of lateral load from river current, then author increase the depth of embedment of the pile to review the effect of depth of embedment to top deflection, final, author reviewing wheter pile lateral efficiency hapened at the pile in the group configuration. "

"Kerusakan/keruntuhan yang sering terjadi pada bangunan ?non-engineered? pada saat terjadi gempa bumi adalah kerusakan/keruntuhan dinding bata. Salah satu metode perbaikan yang ekonomis adalah dengan menggunakan kawat anyam prategang.Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kinerja dinding bata akibat penambahan kawat prategang, maka dilakukan penelitian yang berdasarkan pendekatan Continuum Model dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SAP2000 v14.1.0. Struktur yang dimodelkan yaitu satu panel dinding dan ruko 3-lantai-3-bentang. Kedua model dievaluasi dengan analisis statik linier. Satu panel dinding dikenakan beban lateral statik dan ruko 3-lantai-3-bentang dikenai beban gempa statik ekuivalen berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2002. Pada pemodelan ini, dinding bata dihubungkan dengan struktur portal elemen link yang kaku. Untuk mensimulasikan perubahan perilaku dinding bata akibat separasi dari struktur portal dilakukan pelepasan elemen link Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kekuatan, dilakukan analisis tegangan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui perubahan kekakuan, dilakukan analisis terhadap karakteristik dinamik. Analisis terhadap hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kawat prategang meningkatkan kekuatan atau kapasitas dinding bata, namun tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan terhadap kekakuannya dan terjadi perubahan letak tegangan maksimum pada dinding bata akibat pelepasan link menuju diagonal strut.

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The damage frequently found on the non-engineered building is the damage on its masonry wall. One of the economical alternatives is by using nailed prestressed low grade wire. To evaluate the increase on masonry wall?s performance as the result of the addition of pre-stressed low grade wire and the behavior of masonry wall, the research is done by continuum model approach by the help of SAP2000 v14.1.0. software. The structures modeled are one wall panel and 3-bays-3-stories store house. Those two models are evaluated with static linear analysis. The one wall panel loaded by static lateral load and the 3-bays-3-stories store house is loaded by static equivalent earthquake load based on SNI 03-1726-2002. On this modelling, masonry wall is linked to frame structure with rigid link element.

To simulate the behavioral change of masonry wall as a result of separation of frame structure, the link element is released To evaluate the increase of strength, stress analysis is done. While, to evaluate the change of rigidity, analysis of dynamic characteristic is done. Analysis on the research?s result shows that the addition of prestressed wire increases the strength of the masonry wall. On the other hand, the change on the rigidity does not show a significant value. However, there is a change on the location of maximum stress on the masonry wall as a result of the link release to diagonal strut. "

"Perbaikan dinding bata yang retak dengan kawat anyam semakin banyak digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode perbaikan dinding bata yang retak dengan menggunakan kawat anyam dan plester. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara memodelkan dinding bata dengan continuum model pada perangkat lunak SAP2000 v14.1. Struktur yang dimodelkan yaitu satu panel dinding dan ruko 3-lantai-3-bentang. Koneksi panel dinding dengan portal dimodelkan dengan rigid link. Kedua model dievaluasi dengan analisis statik linier. Satu panel dinding dikenakan beban lateral statik dan ruko 3-lantai-3-bentang dikenai beban gempa statik ekuivalen. Pada model satu panel dinding juga diamati perubahan distribusi tegangan pada portal akibat pelepasan link. Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kekuatan, dilakukan analisis tegangan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui perubahan kekakuan, dilakukan analisis terhadap karakteristik dinamik. Analisis terhadap hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kawat anyam dalam perbaikan dinding bata meningkatkan kekuatan atau kapasitas dinding namun tidak signifikan pengaruhnya terhadap kekakuan.

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Repairing cracked masonry wall with low-grade wire mesh is increasingly being used. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the retrofitting method for cracked masonry wall using both low-grade wire mesh and plaster. The analysis was performed by modeling the masonry wall with continuum model using SAP2000 v14.1. The modeling was carried out on both a single panel of masonry wall structure and a 3-bays-3-stories store-house building (ruko) structure. The connection between panel and frames was modeled as a rigid link. Both models were then evaluated by linear static analysis. A single panel structure models were subjected to static lateral loads. The 3-bays-3-stories store¬house building models were imposed by static equivalent load based on nominal earthquake load. The change of stress distribution in frames due to the releasing of link was also observed on the single panel models. To determine the increasing on strength, the stress analysis was performed. However, to evaluate the stiffness changes, the analysis of the dynamic properties was done. The analysis of the results indicated that the addition of low-grade wire mesh in retrofitting masonry walls increases the strength of the structure but does not significantly influence its stiffness. "

"Kerusakan yang paling sering terjadi pada bangunan sederhana non engineered seperti bangunan ruko akibat gempa bumi adalah pada dinding bata. Salah satu metode perbaikan yang dapat digunakan adalah metode kawat anyam terpaku dengan plester. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek perbaikan dengan plester dan kawat anyam terpaku terhadap kinerja dinding bata. Perbaikan dengan plester dan kawat anyam terpaku diharapkan mampu mengembalikan kekuatan dan kekakuan dinding bata yang retak akibat beban lateral. Penelitian berdasarkan analisis elastis linier dengan continuum model menggunakan perangkat lunak SAP2000 v14.1. Model yang digunakan adalah satu panel dinding bata dengan beban lateral in-plane dan ruko tiga lantai dengan beban gempa statik ekuivalen sesuai SNI 03-1726-2002. Elemen link digunakan sebagai penghubung antara portal dengan dinding bata. Kekakuan portal dan dinding bata dianalisis berdasarkan evaluasi periode getar alami dan simpangan sedangkan kekuatannya dianalisis berdasarkan evaluasi tegangan. Efek separasi antara portal beton dan dinding bata dianalisis dengan melepas elemen link. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan dengan plester dan kawat anyam terpaku mampu mengembalikan kinerja dinding bata retak seperti kondisi utuh.

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The most common damage due to earthquake on simple non-engineering building such as store-house is the crack on its masonry wall. Plaster and nailed low grade wire mesh can be used as one of the retrofitting method. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of retrofitting using both plaster and nailed low grade wire mesh to the performance of masonry wall. The usage of plaster and nailed low grade wiremesh has been expected to restore strength and stiffness of cracked masonry walls due to lateral load.

This study is based on linear elastic analysis with continuum models approach using SAP200 v14.1. The model used in this study was one panel of masonry wall with lateral in-plane loading and a three stories three bays store-house building with static equivalent earthquake loading based on SNI 03-1726-2002.

The Rigid link element was used as a connector between the frame and the masonry wall. Stiffness of both the frame and masonry wall has been analyzed by fundamental period and deflection evaluation, and the strength has been analyzed by stress evaluation. The effect of separation between the frame and masonry wall has been analyzed by releasing the rigid link element. The results of the analysis indicated that retrofitting method using plaster and nailed low grade wire mesh was capable to restore the performance of cracked masonry wall as its initial condition."

"Indonesia merupakan wilayah yang rawan terhadap gempa bumi. Banyak bangunan non engineer yang mengalami kerusakan pada dinding batanya akibat terkena beban gempa. Berdasarkan kebiasaan, masyarakat melakukan perbaikan dinding bata yang retak dengan plester tanpa mengetahui kinerja dari perbaikan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji efek perbaikan dinding bata retak dengan plester. Pemodelan dinding bata dilakukan dengan pendekatan continuum model menggunakan perangkat lunak SAP2000 v14.1 yang dianalisis pada batas linier elastis. Elemen link digunakan sebagai penghubung dinding bata dengan portal beton. Dua jenis struktur yang dimodelkan, yaitu struktur dengan satu panel dinding bata dan ruko tiga lantai tiga bentang. Kedua model dikenai beban lateral gempa berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2002. Efek separasi antara dinding bata dan portal beton dimodelkan dengan melepas elemen link. Peningkatan kekuatan dinding bata dianalisis melalui evaluasi tegangan pada dinding bata dan plester sedangkan, perubahan kekakuannya melalui evaluasi karakteristik dinamik struktur. Hasil perbaikan dengan plester menunjukkan peningkatan kekakuan dan kekuatan dinding bata.

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Indonesia is a vulnerable region of earthquake. Many non-engineering buildings undergo destructions on their masonry walls due to earthquake induced force. People used to repair the cracked masonry wall using plaster without clearly understanding the performance of such repairment. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of cracked masonry wall repairment using plaster. The modeling of masonry wall was done by continuum model approach using SAP 2000 v14.1 which was analyzed within the elastic linear limit state. The link element was used as the connector between masonry wall and concrete frame. Two types of structure were modeled, a structure with one masonry wall panel and a three stories three bays store-house building. Both models were induced by lateral load based on SNI 03-1726-2002. The separation effect between masonry wall and concrete frame was modeled by releasing the link element. The increasing on strength of masonry wall was analyzed through a stress evaluation on wall and plaster, though the stiffness change was analyzed through the dynamic properties of the structures. The result of the repair using plaster indicated an increasing in both strength (capacity) and stiffness of masonry wall. "

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