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Abstrak :
Salah satu Permasalahan kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja yang perlu dicermati adalah penyakit infeksi saluran reproduksi salah satunya adalah keputihan. Hampir 90 % perempuan di Indonesia pernah mengalami keputihan, gejala keputihan juga dialami oleh wanita yang belum kawin atau remaja puteri berumur 15-24 tahun (SKRI 2007) adalah sebanyak 31,8 %. Penelitian ini adalah non-eksprimental dengan pengumpulan data secara potong lintang (cross sectional), populasi siswi di SLTA / sederajat tingkat Kabupaten di SMA Negeri 2 dan tingkat Kecamatan SMK Negeri 3 wilayah Kota Banjarbaru tahun 2012. Adapun jumlah sampel 200 (100 di SMA Negeri 2 dan 100 di SMK Negeri 3) dengan teknik stratifikasi yang proporsional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan gambaran perilaku pencegahan dan penanganan keputihan patologis antara SMA Negeri 2 dengan SMK Negeri 3. Juga faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan dan penanganan keputihan patologis baik di SMA Negeri 2 maupun di SMK Negeri 3 Kota Banjarbaru. Dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan analisa multivariat dengan regressi logistik model Prediksi. Analisa bivariat diperoleh hasil di SMA Negeri 2 dan SMK Negeri 3 perilaku pencegahan dan penanganan keputihan patologis siswi dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan, sikap, persepsi , dan keterpaparan informasi (dengan nilai P < 0,005). Analisa multivariat diperoleh hasil faktor-faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi perilaku sehat adalah pengetahuan, sikap persepsi dan keterpaparan informasi. Sehingga disarankan semua pihak yang terkait dapat memfasilitasi remaja agar dapat berperilaku sehat terhadap pencegahan dan penanganan keputihan patologis, bagi dinas kesehatan untuk dapat mengoptimalkan program pelayanan kesehatan peduli remaja di seluruh puskesmas Kota Banjarbaru, dengan demikian dapat mengetahui langsung permasalahan kesehatan pada remaja. One of adolescent reproductive health problems that need to be observed is a disease of reproductive tract infections one of which is whitish. Nearly 90% of women in Indonesia have had vaginal discharge, vaginal discharge symptoms experienced by unmarried women or girls aged 15-24 years (SKRI 2007) is as much as 31.8%. The study was a non-eksprimental with a cross-sectional data collection (cross sectional), the population of students in high school / high school equivalent degree in State District 2 and level 3 Vocational School District Banjarbaru City area in 2012. The number of samples 200 (100 in SMA Negeri 2 and 100 at SMK Negeri 3) with a proportional stratification techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the behavior description of prevention and treatment of pathological vaginal discharge among high school SMK Negeri 2 to 3. Also what factors are affecting the behavior of pathological vaginal discharge prevention and response in both the SMA Negeri 2 and in the SMK Negeri 3 Banjarbaru City. By using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic Regression prediction models. Bivariate analysis of the results obtained in the SMA and SMK Negeri 2 3 behavioral prevention and treatment of pathological white girls influenced by the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and exposure information (with a value of P <0.005). Multivariate analysis of obtained results the dominant factors that influence healthy behaviors is knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and information exposure. So advised all parties concerned to facilitate the youth to behave well towards the prevention and treatment of pathological vaginal discharge, the health department to be able to optimize health care programs throughout the adolescent clinic Banjarbaru City, as such health problems can learn directly in adolescents.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Keluhan paling umum yang sering dialami perempuan usia reproduksi datang ke dokter adalah keputihan. Keputihan juga merupakan salah satu prediktor akan adanya infeksi menular seksual (IMS). Deteksi dini dan terapi yang adekuat pada IMS ini merupakan hal yang penting. Keputihan yang tidak diterapi dengan tepat memiliki risiko komplikasi terhadap organ reproduksi terutama pada perempuan dengan usia reproduksi yang seksual aktif. Data mengenai temuan mikroorganisme pada keputihan serta prevalensinya di Indonesia masih terbatas, terutama pada perempuan usia reproduksi seksual aktif. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjawab masalah diatas. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi data epidemiologis tambahan untuk klinisi dalam mendiagnosis keputihan pada perempuan usia reproduksi seksual aktif di Indonesia, sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya terapi yang tidak tepat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan konsekutif sampling. Populasi target adalah semua perempuan usia reproduksi 15-49 tahun dengan keluhan keputihan. Populasi terjangkau adalah semua perempuan usia reproduksi yang sudah seksual aktif dengan keluhan keputihan yang datang ke poliklinik Ginekologi RSCM, RS puskesmas mitra RSCM, pada bulan Mei 2012 sampai Juni 2013 Hasil: Temuan mikroorganime pada 81 subjek perempuan usia reproduksi seksual aktif dengan keluhan keputihan pada yang setuju mengikuti penelitian ini, yakni Candida sp. 31 orang (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 orang (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 orang (21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 orang (19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 orang (18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis sebanyak 11 orang (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 orang (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 orang (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 orang (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 orang (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoe 2 orang (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 orang (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 orang (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 orang (1.2%), dan temuan mikroorganisme negatif pada 20 orang (24.6%). Pada identifikasi Candida sp , hasil kultur menunjukkan adanya Candida albicans pada 20 subjek (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjek (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjek (2.5%). Kesimpulan: Mikroorganisme yang ditemukan pada perempuan usia reproduksi yang seksual aktif dengan keluhan keputihan secara berurutan dari persentase yang tersering adalah Candida sp., Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Grup A Streptococcus, Acinetobacter baumanii, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. Pemeriksaan kultur menunjukkan spesies candida yang paling sering ditemukan secara berurutan adalah Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, dan Candida parapsiolosis.;Background:

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ABSTRACT The commonest complaint of reproductive age women visiting a doctor is because of vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is one of the predictor of a sexual transmitted disease. Early detection and adequate therapy of sexual transmitted disease is an important matter. Vaginal discharge which were given inadequate therapy, can risc having complication on reproductive organs, especially in sexually active reproductive age women. Study in Indonesia regarding microorganisme findings in sexually active reproductive age women is still limited. This study was meant to solve this problem. Method: This study was descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling. The target population in this study were all sexually active reproductive age women who had complaints of vaginal discharge. The population of this study was affordable to all sexually active reproductive women who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology Unit of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and PHC partner of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in the period of may 2012 until June 2013. Results: Microorganism findings in 81 sexually active women 18-45 years old who participated in this study, are Candida sp. 31 subject (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 subject (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 subject(21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 subject(19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 subject(18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis 11 subject (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 subjects (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 subjects (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 subjects (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 subjects (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoeae 2 subjects (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 subjects (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 subjects (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 subjects (1.2%), negative findings on 20 subjects(24.6%). In the Identification of Candida sp , Culture result showed Candida albicans on 20 subjects (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjects (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjects (2.5%). Summary: Microorganism findings in sexually active reproductive age women from the highest percentage order, are Candida sp.,Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis , Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridians,Grup A Streptococcus , Acinetobacter baumanii 3, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. In the Identification of Candida sp , culture result from the highest percentage order are, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsiolosis.;Background: The commonest complaint of reproductive age women visiting a doctor is because of vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is one of the predictor of a sexual transmitted disease. Early detection and adequate therapy of sexual transmitted disease is an important matter. Vaginal discharge which were given inadequate therapy, can risc having complication on reproductive organs, especially in sexually active reproductive age women. Study in Indonesia regarding microorganisme findings in sexually active reproductive age women is still limited. This study was meant to solve this problem. Method: This study was descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling. The target population in this study were all sexually active reproductive age women who had complaints of vaginal discharge. The population of this study was affordable to all sexually active reproductive women who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology Unit of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and PHC partner of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in the period of may 2012 until June 2013. Results: Microorganism findings in 81 sexually active women 18-45 years old who participated in this study, are Candida sp. 31 subject (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 subject (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 subject(21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 subject(19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 subject(18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis 11 subject (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 subjects (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 subjects (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 subjects (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 subjects (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoeae 2 subjects (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 subjects (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 subjects (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 subjects (1.2%), negative findings on 20 subjects(24.6%). In the Identification of Candida sp , Culture result showed Candida albicans on 20 subjects (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjects (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjects (2.5%). Summary: Microorganism findings in sexually active reproductive age women from the highest percentage order, are Candida sp.,Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis , Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridians,Grup A Streptococcus , Acinetobacter baumanii 3, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. In the Identification of Candida sp , culture result from the highest percentage order are, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsiolosis. ;Background: The commonest complaint of reproductive age women visiting a doctor is because of vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is one of the predictor of a sexual transmitted disease. Early detection and adequate therapy of sexual transmitted disease is an important matter. Vaginal discharge which were given inadequate therapy, can risc having complication on reproductive organs, especially in sexually active reproductive age women. Study in Indonesia regarding microorganisme findings in sexually active reproductive age women is still limited. This study was meant to solve this problem. Method: This study was descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling. The target population in this study were all sexually active reproductive age women who had complaints of vaginal discharge. The population of this study was affordable to all sexually active reproductive women who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology Unit of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and PHC partner of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in the period of may 2012 until June 2013. Results: Microorganism findings in 81 sexually active women 18-45 years old who participated in this study, are Candida sp. 31 subject (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 subject (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 subject(21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 subject(19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 subject(18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis 11 subject (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 subjects (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 subjects (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 subjects (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 subjects (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoeae 2 subjects (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 subjects (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 subjects (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 subjects (1.2%), negative findings on 20 subjects(24.6%). In the Identification of Candida sp , Culture result showed Candida albicans on 20 subjects (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjects (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjects (2.5%). Summary: Microorganism findings in sexually active reproductive age women from the highest percentage order, are Candida sp.,Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis , Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridians,Grup A Streptococcus , Acinetobacter baumanii 3, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. In the Identification of Candida sp , culture result from the highest percentage order are, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsiolosis.;Background: The commonest complaint of reproductive age women visiting a doctor is because of vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is one of the predictor of a sexual transmitted disease. Early detection and adequate therapy of sexual transmitted disease is an important matter. Vaginal discharge which were given inadequate therapy, can risc having complication on reproductive organs, especially in sexually active reproductive age women. Study in Indonesia regarding microorganisme findings in sexually active reproductive age women is still limited. This study was meant to solve this problem. Method: This study was descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling. The target population in this study were all sexually active reproductive age women who had complaints of vaginal discharge. The population of this study was affordable to all sexually active reproductive women who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology Unit of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and PHC partner of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in the period of may 2012 until June 2013. Results: Microorganism findings in 81 sexually active women 18-45 years old who participated in this study, are Candida sp. 31 subject (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 subject (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 subject(21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 subject(19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 subject(18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis 11 subject (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 subjects (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 subjects (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 subjects (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 subjects (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoeae 2 subjects (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 subjects (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 subjects (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 subjects (1.2%), negative findings on 20 subjects(24.6%). In the Identification of Candida sp , Culture result showed Candida albicans on 20 subjects (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjects (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjects (2.5%). Summary: Microorganism findings in sexually active reproductive age women from the highest percentage order, are Candida sp.,Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis , Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridians,Grup A Streptococcus , Acinetobacter baumanii 3, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. In the Identification of Candida sp , culture result from the highest percentage order are, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsiolosis.;Background: The commonest complaint of reproductive age women visiting a doctor is because of vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge is one of the predictor of a sexual transmitted disease. Early detection and adequate therapy of sexual transmitted disease is an important matter. Vaginal discharge which were given inadequate therapy, can risc having complication on reproductive organs, especially in sexually active reproductive age women. Study in Indonesia regarding microorganisme findings in sexually active reproductive age women is still limited. This study was meant to solve this problem. Method: This study was descriptive observational study with consecutive sampling. The target population in this study were all sexually active reproductive age women who had complaints of vaginal discharge. The population of this study was affordable to all sexually active reproductive women who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology Unit of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and PHC partner of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in the period of may 2012 until June 2013. Results: Microorganism findings in 81 sexually active women 18-45 years old who participated in this study, are Candida sp. 31 subject (38,3%), Grup B Streptococcus 22 subject (27.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis 17 subject(21,0%), Staphylocossus aureus 16 subject(19.8%), Bacterial vaginosis 15 subject(18,5%), Chlamydia trachomatis 11 subject (13,6%), Staphylococcus epidedermidis 8 subjects (9.9%), Streptococcus viridans 5 subjects (6.2%), Grup A Streptococcus 4 subjects (4.9%), Acinetobacter baumanii 3 subjects (3,7%), Neissseria gonorrhoeae 2 subjects (2,5%), Eschericia coli 2 subjects (2.5%), Klebsiella pneumionia 2 subjects (2.5%), Enterobacter aerogens 1 subjects (1.2%), negative findings on 20 subjects(24.6%). In the Identification of Candida sp , Culture result showed Candida albicans on 20 subjects (24,7%), Candida glabrata 5 subjects (6.2%), Candida tropicalis 3 subjek (3.7%), Candida parapsiolosis 2 subjects (2.5%). Summary: Microorganism findings in sexually active reproductive age women from the highest percentage order, are Candida sp.,Grup B Streptococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Staphylocossus aureus, Bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis , Staphylococcus epidedermidis, Streptococcus viridians,Grup A Streptococcus , Acinetobacter baumanii 3, Neissseria gonorrhoeae, Eschericia coli, Klebsiella pneumionia, Enterobacter aerogens. In the Identification of Candida sp , culture result from the highest percentage order are, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsiolosis.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Keputihan merupakan sering dijumpai menjadi alasan wanita berobat ke dokter. Pengenalan faktor risiko dan gejala yang menyertainya serta kaitannya dengan penyebab mikrobiologi keluhan keputihan dapat berguna bagi klinisi dalam praktik sehari-hari. Penelitian ini mencari hubungan antara faktor risiko dan gejala yang dialami terhadap temuan mikrobiologi penyebab keputihan pada wanita usia reproduksi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Obstetri & Ginekologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Wawancara dilakukan pada pasien di poliklinik dengan keluhan keputihan untuk identifikasi faktor risiko dan gejala. Temuan mikrobiologi dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan yang spesifik sebagai baku emas. Hasil: Sebanyak 81 subjek ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Candida sp merupakan penyebab infeksi tunggal terbanyak yang ditemukan (17 subjek, 12,3%). Hubungan seksual yang sering (≥3 times/week, p<0,001) dan keputihan meningkat setelah berhubungan seksual (p=0.04) bmerupakan faktor risiko dan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Bacterial vaginosis, berturut-turut. Bau amis (p=0,09), nyeri vulva (p=0,026), dan peningkatan keputihan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,002) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Trichomonas vaginalis. Gatal (p=0,028), keputihan seperti gumpalan susu (p<0,001), dan keputihan meningkat setelah hari ke-14 siklus menstruasi (p<0.001) berhubungan dengan Candida sp sementara penggunaan pil KB kombinasi (p=0,03) dan perdarahan setelah hubungan seksual (p=0,009) merupakan gejala yang berhubungan dengan Chlamydia trachomatis. Kesimpulan: Beberapa faktor risiko dan gejala berhubungan dengan temuan mikrobiologi spesifik sebagai penyebab keluhan keputihan pada populasi wanita usia reproduksi.;

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ABSTRACT Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.;Background: Vaginal discharge is a common reason for women to seek medical attention worldwide. Recognition risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge can be benefical for clinician in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and symptoms and their association to specific microbiological causes of vaginal discharge among reproductive aged women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Obstetric & Gynecology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. We interviewed outpatient subjects with vaginal discharge for risk factors and symptoms. Microbiological causes identification was performed using gold standard methods. Results: A total of 81 subjects were included in this study. Candida sp was the commonest single infection (17 subjects, 12.3%). Frequent (≥3 times/week) sexual intercourse (p <0.001) and increased discharge after sex (p=0.04) were risk factor and symptom associated with Bacterial vaginosis, respectively. Fishy odor (p=0.09), vulva pain (p=0.026), and increased discharge after sex (p=0.002) were symptoms associated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Itchy sensation (p=0.028), clumps of milk appearance (p<0.001), and discharge increased after 14th day of cycle (p<0.001) were associated with Candida sp while taking combination pill (p=0.03) and bloody discharge after sex (p=0.009) were associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: Several risk factors and symptoms found to be associated with microbiological causes of vaginal discharge in our population.

Abstrak :
Kelahiran preterm sebagai penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang utama pada neonatus memiliki prevalensi kejadian yang tinggi khususnya di Indonesia yang mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelahiran preterm dan keputihan pada kehamilan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian yaitu ibu yang melahirkan di RSCM tahun 2011 yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kelahiran preterm di RSCM pada tahun 2011 sebesar 26,4% dan prevalensi keputihan pada ibu hamil di RSCM tahun 2011 sebesar 29,9%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang berbeda bermakna antara kelahiran preterm dengan keputihan pada kehamilan di RSCM tahun 2011 dengan nilai p<0,001 dan keputihan pada kehamilan merupakan risiko terjadinya kelahiran preterm dengan nilai rasio prevalens lebih dari 1 (1,5) serta interval kepercayaan 0,40-0,60.

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Preterm birth as causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates have a major high prevalence, especially in Indonesia, which reached 15.5%. This study aims to determine the relationship between preterm birth and vaginal discharge in pregnancy. The study design used is cross-sectional. Subject of research is the mother who gave birth in the RSCM in 2011 that meets the selection criteria for the study. Results from this study showed that the prevalence of preterm births in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 26.4% and the prevalence of vaginal discharge in pregnant women in the RSCM in 2011 amounted to 29.9%. From the results of this study concluded that there is a significant difference in the relationship between preterm birth with vaginal discharge in pregnancy in the RSCM in 2011 with a value of p <0.001 and vaginal discharge in pregnancy is a risk of preterm birth prevalence ratio with a value of more than 1 (1.5) as well as the confidence interval 0.40 to 0.60.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai dampak asam laktat sebagai terapi ajuvan yang mengatasi gangguan kenyamanan dengan cepat. Merupakan studi eksperimental tersamar tunggal yang dilakukan di Poliklinik Obstetri Ginekologi RSCM dan beberapa klinik swasta Mei 2012 - Juni 2013. Subjek dengan skor gangguan kenyamanan awal ≥5 mendapatkan terapi antimikroba kombinasi dan dikelompokkan dalam empat kelompok. Pada kelompok A vagina dibersihkan dengan larutan asam laktat 1%, dan cebok vagina dengan larutan asam laktat 1%; kelompok B vagina dibersihkan dengan larutan asam laktat 1%, dan cebok vagina dengan air bersih; kelompok C vagina dibersihkan dengan NaCl 0,9%, dan cebok vagina dengan larutan asam laktat 1%; kelompok D vagina dibersihkan dengan NaCl 0,9%, dan cebok vagina dengan air bersih. Dihitung perubahan skor gangguan kenyamanan setelah 24 jam. Sejumlah 81 subjek dianalisa (25 subjek kelompok A, 26 kelompok B, 15 kelompok C, dan 15 kelompok D). Karakteristik subjek keempat kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan. Rerata skor gangguan kenyamanan awal keempat kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan (p = 0.26). Perbaikan skor gangguan kenyamanan pada kelompok uji A lebih baik dibandingkan C ( p= 0.009), dan B lebih baik dibandingkan C (p = 0,04). Disimpulkan bahwa perbaikan skor gangguan kenyamanan signifikan pada kelompok dengan pembersihan vagina menggunakan asam laktat.

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ABSTRAK
This study evaluated the effect of lactic acid as adjuvant therapy. Single blinded experimental study using validated questionnaire done in obstetrics and gynecology clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and several private clinic from May 2012 to June 2013. Subject having initial discomfort score ≥5 was being treated with combined antimicrobial treatment and being classified into four groups (group A: 1% lactic acid vaginal toilette and 1% lactic acid self vaginal wiping; group B: 1% lactic acid vaginal toilette and clean water self vaginal wiping; group C: NaCl 0.9% vaginal toilette and 1% lactic acid self vaginal wiping; group D: NaCl 0.9% vaginal toilette and clean water self vaginal wiping). We measure the change of discomfort score within 24 hours. We analyzed 81 subjects (25 in group A, 26 in group B, 15 in group C, and 15 in group D). The subject’s character was not significanty different. The mean initial discomfort score was not significantly different (p= 0.26). We found that the reduction score of discomfort was significant in group A compared to group C (p= 0.009), and in group B compared to group C (p= 0,04). There is significant relieve of discomfort in those having vaginal toilette using lactic acid.

Abstrak :
Kandungan polifenol lilin propolis terbukti masih efektif dalam menginhibisi pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans yang terdapat pada vagina wanita yang mengalami keputihan. Sediaan obat keputihan dengan bahan aktif lilin propolis yang dipilih adalah supositoria vagina (ovula). Pada variasi komposisi ovula 1 dan 2 memiliki bobot rata-rata 2,3335±0,022 dan 2,3234±0,018. Ovula 1, 2 dan kontrol memiliki waktu leleh rata-rata 17 menit, 5,3 menit dan 6 menit. Konsistensi dari terendah ke tertinggi ovula 2

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ABSTRAK
Remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok yang paling berisiko terhadap masalah kesehatan. Salah satu masalah kesehatan remaja, khususnya pada remaja wanita, adalah masalah kesehatan reproduksi: keputihan. Keputihan pada remaja dapat berdampak infeksi dan infertilitas. Oleh karena itu, penanganan keputihan remaja sangat perlu untuk dilakukan. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan intervensi catatan harian kesehatan untuk meningkatkan perilaku kebersihan organ reproduksi remaja wanita dengan masalah keputihan. Hasil intervensi keperawatan keluarga menggunakan catatan harian kesehatan menunjukkan peningkatan perilaku perawatan kebersihan organ kewanitaan dan penurunan frekuensi keputihan. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan catatan harian kesehatan dapat diterapkan petugas pelayanan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan perilaku perawatan kebersihan remaja dalam mengatasi masalah keputihan.

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ABSTRACT
Adolescents are one of the most at risk group to health problem. One of problem in adolescents, especially in female adolescents, is reproductive health problem vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge in adolescents can affect to infection and infertility. Therefore, management of vaginal discharge in adolescents is very important to be done. The purpose of this scientific project is to know about the description of family nursing care using health diary as an intervention in adolescents with vaginal discharge. The result of nursing intervention using health diary shows that vaginal hygiene behavior was increased and vaginal discharge frequent was decreased. Therefore, health diary can be used by health care workers to increase vaginal hygiene behavior in adolescents in order to solve vaginal discharge problem.

Abstrak :
Keputihan merupakan sekresi vagina yang terinfeksi mikroorganisme patogen sehingga terjadi perubahan pada karakteristik lendirnya. Wanita di Indonesia, termasuk di dalamnya remaja putri, rentan terhadap kejadian keputihan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh cara perawatan organ reproduksi wanita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan tentang perawatan organ reproduksi wanita dan angka keluhan keputihan pada remaja putri di SMA Negeri 1 Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey deskriptif dengan populasi 521 siswi dengan rentang usia 15-18 tahun dan diambil sampel sebanyak 81 orang dengan metode pengambilan sampel kuota. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas remaja putri memiliki pengetahuan yang buruk tentang perawatan organ reproduksi wanita dan memiliki keluhan keputihan. Penelitian ini menyarankan diadakannya penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi, memasukkan pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi ke dalam kurikulum sekolah menengah, dan menegakkan standar kebersihan di lingkungan sekolah. ......Leucorrhea is an abnormal vaginal discharge, which caused by the infection of pathogenic microorganism and resulting the characteristic changes of mucus secretion. Women in Indonesia, including the teenage girls, are vulnerable to the incidence of leucorrhea. This phenomenon is affected by the treatment of female reproductive organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level of female reproductive organs hygiene and the number of leucorrhea complaint of the teenage girls at SMA Negeri 1 Bogor. This study used the descriptive survey method. The populations were 521 female student of SMA Negeri 1 Bogor age 15 to 18 years old and only 81 students were chosen as a sample using quota sampling method. The result showed that the majority of the teenage girls have a bad knowledge level about the female reproductive organs hygiene and have a high rate of leucorrhea complaint. This study recommends the school to hold a seminar about the female reproductive health, includes the reproductive health education into the school's curriculum, and improve the standard of hygiene in the school environment.