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Dinamika keluarga Jawa dan komunitas desa tidak bisa dinyatakan sebagai suatu hubungan langsung.Ikatan teritorial sedesa menguat kala seajalan dengan ikatan kekerabatan,etnis,atau pemimpin yang otoritatif....

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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami bahwa seiring berjalannya waktu, kehidupan manusia dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Terutama, dengan kemajuan internet yang mengubah cara manusia menjalani kehidupannya sehari-hari. Sehingga, muncul kebiasaan-kebiasaan baru dan cara-cara baru dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun Kebiasaan-kebiasaan baru ini seringkali tidak sesuai dengan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia belum semuanya memahami system pembayaran yang terdigitalisasi. Oleh sebab itu dengan adanya hambatan ini, masyarakat Indonesia yang ingin menggunakan video streamingseperti Netflixseringkali mengalami kendala dalam hal pembayaran. Dengan adanya celah seperti ini, Iflixhadir di tengah masyarakat Indonesia dengan pilihan pembayaran yang memudahkan penggunanya seperti pembayaran menggunakan pulsa. Netflixmemang menjadi primadona dalam dunia subscribed video on demand, namun masih kurang fleksibel dalam pembayarannya sehingga konsumen di Indonesia terutama kelas menengah kebawah beralih ke Iflix.Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian kali ini, penulis menggunakan isu ekonomi politik, teori hibridisasi, dan teori pasar untuk mengulas fenomena ini.

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ABSTRACT
This research is conducted to establish an understanding that over time, human life is influenced by the development of information and communication technology. Especially, with the advencement of internet that changed the way people live their daily lives. Thus, presenting new habits and ways of living everyday life. However, these new habits are often incompatible with the economic conditions of Indonesian society. The Indonesian have not yet fully understood the system of digitized payments. Therefore, with this obstacle, Indonesian who use streaming video like Netflix often experience obstacles in terms of payment. With such a gap, Iflix present in the Indonesian community with a payment option that facilitate users to use telephone credit. Netflix is leading in the world of subscribed video on demand, but still less flexible in payment so that indonesian consumers, especially the middle class switch to Iflix. Therefore, in this study, the authors use the issue of the political economy, hybridization theory, and market theory to review this phenomenon.

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Kemiripan karakter morfologi dan genetik antara Epinephelus chlorostigma dan E. areolatus sering menyebabkan kekeliruan antara kedua spesies. Hibiridisasi alami antara spesies kerapu tidak jarang terjadi dan dapat diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan genetik. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi E. chlorostigma dan E. areolatus dengan marka mitokondria Sitokrom C oksidase subunit I (COI) dan menganalisis peristiwa hibrisasi antara kedua spesies dengan marka inti Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1). Total 19 sampel yang telah diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi sebagai E. chlorostigma dan E. areolatus diperoleh dari Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Aceh. Sekuens COI sepanjang 656 bp berhasil mengidentifikasi spesies dengan kemiripan yang tinggi (98-100%) berdasarkan database NCBI dan BOLD walaupun beberapa sampel E. areolatus menunjukkan kemiripan yang tinggi terhadap sekuens E. chlorostigma dari kedua database. Jarak genetik inter-spesies berdasarkan sekuens COI teramati sebesar 0,071, cukup untuk delimitasi spesies. Rekonstruksi filogenetik COI, RAG1kedua marka berhasil memisahkan klade kedua spesies dengan konsisten dan tidak mengindikasikan terjadinya peristiwa hibridisasi. Satu posisi basa polimorfik, posisi 1120 bp, di elektroferogram menunjukkan puncak ganda pada sekuens RAG1 epanjang 1492 bp. Sekuens RAG1 E. areolatus menunjukkan variasi nukleotida sementara sekuens E. chlorostigma teramati monomorfik. Namun, peristiwa hibridisasi tidak dapat disimpulkan akibat rendahnya jumlah sampel.  ......Morphological and genetic similarities between Epinephelus chlorostigma and Epinephelus areolatus often cause confusion between the two species. Natural hybrids among grouper species are a common occurrence and may be identified by morphological and genetic characteristics. This study aims to identify E. chlorostigma and E. areolatus samples using the mitochondrial marker Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and analyze hybridization events using the nuclear marker Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) gene.  A total of 19 samples morphologically identified as E. chlorostigma and E. areolatus, originating from North Maluku, West Nusa Tenggara, and Aceh, were analyzed. The COI sequence of 656 bp length successfully identified all samples as respective putative species with high similarities (98–100%) based on NCBI and BOLD databases, although several E. areolatus samples showed high similarity results with E. chlorostigma sequences from both databases. The interspecific genetic distance of the COI sequence was observed to be 0,071, enough to discriminate the two species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of COIand RAG1 genes consistently divided putative species into distinct clades. Phylogenetic tree of AG1 was recovered with low bootstrap value thus hybrid assumption cannot be proven. One polymorphic base site at 1120 bp with double peaks on the electropherograms was observed out of 1,492 bp of the RAG1 gene. E. areolatus sequences showed varying nucleotides between populations, while E. chlorostigma sequences showed monomorphic nucleotides. However, due to the small sample size, hybridization events cannot be inferred.

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Terpilihnya Qatar menjadi tuan rumah Piala Dunia 2022 menimbulkan kontroversi. Qatar di mata dunia masih sering dilabeli dengan citra yang konservatif dan intoleran. Tidak hanya itu, Qatar juga menerima berbagai isu, kritik, dan framing negatif dari berbagai pihak yang semakin memperburuk citra negaranya. Di tengah hal tersebut, sosok Jungkook kemudian muncul dan terpilih bersama dengan Fahad Alkubaisi untuk menyanyikan lagu tema Piala Dunia Qatar 2022. Timbul pertanyaan, mengapa Piala Dunia yang dilaksanakan pertama kali di negara Qatar ini justru untuk pertama kalinya pula dimeriahkan oleh artis yang berasal dari negara Korea Selatan? Tujuan penelitian adalah meneliti faktor atas dipilihnya Jungkook untuk menyanyikan lagu tema Piala Dunia Dreamers sebagai studi kasus atas proses hibridisasi budaya dan diplomasi lunak yang terjadi di Qatar. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana hal-hal tersebut memengaruhi citra negara ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka berupa artikel jurnal, buku, maupun media. Pemilihan Jungkook dipengaruhi oleh kuatnya efek Korean Wave di Qatar dan dunia. Efek tersebut serta supremasi yang dimiliki Jungkook diperlukan Qatar untuk memberi citra positif bagi negaranya selama ajang Piala Dunia. Kehadiran Jungkook sebagai figur non-lokal yang berkolaborasi dengan artis lokal memberikan gambaran Qatar sebagai negara yang tidak konservatif melainkan terbuka, toleran, dan mendukung koeksistensi antarbudaya. Pengaruh besar yang dibawa oleh Jungkook dapat dilihat dari respons positif yang diberikan masyarakat dunia terhadap lagu Dreamers hingga digelarnya Festival Musik Korea pertama di Qatar ......Qatar, being chosen to host the WC, caused some controversies. This country is still often labelled with the image of conservatism and intolerance. Not only that, Qatar also encountered various issues, criticisms, and negative framings from various parties which further worsened the country's image. In the midst of this, Jungkook then appeared and was chosen, together with Fahad Alkubaisi, to sing the Qatar 2022 World Cup theme song. The question arises, as to why is the World Cup, which was held for the first time in an Arabic country, also enlivened up by a singer from South Korea? The aim of the study is to examine the factors in the choosing of Jungkook to sing the World Cup theme song Dreamers as a case study of the process of culture hybridization and soft diplomacy that occurred in Qatar. In addition, this research also explains how these things affected the image of this country. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. Data was collected through literature study in the form of journal articles, books and media. Jungkook's selection was influenced by the strong effect of the Korean Wave in Qatar and the world. This effect and the supremacy that Jungkook has are needed by Qatar to give a positive image for this country during the World Cup. The presence of Jungkook as a non-local figure collaborating with local artist illustrates Qatar as a country that is not conservative but rather open, tolerant and supports intercultural coexistence. The great influence brought by Jungkook can be seen from the positive response that the world community gave to the song Dreamers until the holding of the first Korean Music Festival in Qatar

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Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan variasi kromosom dan karyotipe 5 spesies ikan pelangi Irian, yaitu Glossolepis incisus, Melanotaenia boesemani, M. lacustris, M. maccuilochi, dan M. praecox. Sel metafase diperoleh menggunakan teknik jaringan padat. Larva ikan direndam dalam kolkisin dosis 0,07--0,09% selama 7,5 -- 9,0 jam dan dianalisis setelah diwarnai dengan Giemsa. Glossolepis incisus, M. boesemani, M.macculfochi, dan M. praecox masing-masing memiliki 48 kromosom diploid, sedangkan M. lacustris memiliki 46 kromosom diploid. Karyotipe G. incisusterdiri dari 7 pasang kromosom berbentuk subtelosentrik (ST), dan 17 pasang Iainnya berbentuk telosentrik (). Karyotipe M. boesemani terdiri dari 4 pasang kromosom berbentuk ST dan 20 T, M maccullochi terdiri dari 4 pasang ST dan 20 T, dan M. praecox terdiri dari 1 ST dan 23 pasang Iainnya berbentuk T. Karyotipe M. lacustris terdiri dari 9 pasang submetasentrik (SM), 3 ST, dan 10 T. Selain itu pada M. lacustris juga diperoleh sepasang kromosom yang tidak identik yang diduga sebagai kromosom seks. Karyotipe Melanotaeniidae cenderung didominasi oleh bentuk T. Terdapat spesifikasi perlakuan kolkisin dalam memperoleh sel metafase dengan sebaran kromosom terbaik, dan terdapat keanekaragaman karyotipe pada 5 spesies ikan pelangi Irian. Perkerabatan antara G. incises dengan M. lacustris diduga relatif tidak dekat dibandingkan antara G. incisus dengan spesies lainnya. ......Karyotipe and Hybridization of Irian's Rainbowfish, (Melanotaeniidae)Rainbowfish (Melanotaeniidae family) have several species (i.e. Melanotaenia, Glossolepis) that are endemic in Irian Jaya. Attractive color and shape of this fish have an economical value (especially the male fish) as the ornamental fish, that caused the exploitation of this fish so intensified. The problem of this fish are poor biological (genetics) information, and in rearing are low survival rate, growth rate, and male percentage. Therefore, a genetic research (such as cytogenetic) and genetic manipulation (i.e. hybridization) of this fish are needed. Cytogenetic study of this fish was focussed on the karyotype to identify characteristics of chromosomes_ This research was conducted from March 2000 at Laboratory of Genetic and Fish Reproduction, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Bogor. And further the hybridization is carried out to get a good performance of hybrid in case of growth rate, survival rate, and male percentage. This research was conducted from October 1999 at R & D Center for Limnology-LIPI, Cibinong-Bogor. Fish samples (G. incisuslGi, M. boesemani/Mb, M. IacustrislMl, M. maccullochilMm, and M. praecox/Mp) were collected from R & D Center for Limnology-LIPI, Cibinong. Chromosome plates were prepared by solid tissue technique from 10-30 days old larvae and were analyzed after staining with Giemsa. Some larvae were exposed to 0.07-0.09 % colchicine for 7.5-9 hours, then to 0.075M KCI hypotonic solution for 90-100 minutes,and finally were fixed with Carnoy's solution. The intergenus hybridization (reciprocal) among these species by pairing a couple of broodstock of each species. Observation were conducted in three replicates on fertilization rate (FR), length of incubation period of hatching (LIP), hatching rate (HR), survival rate (SR), growth rate, and male percentage. Diploid chromosomes number of these fish are 46-48. Karyotyping of G. incisus showed that 48 chromosomes consist of 7 subtelocentrics (ST) and 17 telocentrics (T). Karyotyping of M. boesemani showed 48 chromosomes consist of 4 ST and 20 T. Karyotyping of M. lacustris showed 46 chromosomes consist of 9 submetacentrics (SM), 3 ST, and 10 T with 1 ST and I T on the no.23. This result indicates that M. lacustris has a sex chromosome. Karyotyping of M. maccullochi showed 48 chromosomes consist of 4 ST and 20 T and karyotyping of M. praecox showed 48 chromosomes consist of 1 ST and 23 T. There were differences in chromosomes numbers and 13 chromosomes pairs between G. incisus and M. lacustris according to the morphological analysis. Based on these evidences, it is suggested that 2 species is not closely related compared to the others. The highest hatching rate was demonsrated from crossing between a G.incisus x M. lacustris, whereas crossing of a M.lacustris x G.incisus resulted a total mortality of embryos three days after spawning, and the crossing between 31 G.incisus x 9 M. praecox were failed to spawn. Among those hybrids, were found that c M.praecox x 9 G.incisus showing the highest growth rate, whereas the highest survival rate (SR) was shown by the d G.incisus x 9M.boesemani crossing. Crossing of cG.incisus x 9M. lacustris and oM_ maccullochi x9 G.incisus resulted 100% male (monosex hybrids), while the other combinations increased the male percentage.