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"Perkembangan ekonomi dunia/global yang begitu cepat, dan semakin terintegrasi, dimana arus barang, arus jasa, modal, teknologi, informasi, arus manusia antar negara semakin intensif, mempunyai dampak langsung terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia. Sistem perdagangan multilateral yang diawali dengan terbentuknya GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) pada tahun 1948 hingga berdirinya W WTO (World Trade Organization) pada tahun 1995, pada prinsipnya menghendaki dihilangkannya hambatan dalam perdagangan dunia baik yang berupa tarif dan non tarif (barrier to entry).Pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara negara sekaligus pelaku usaha, dituntut mampu bersikap transparan, jujur, adil dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan setiap kebijakannya (akuntabilitas). Pemerintah didalam menyelenggarakan fungsi ekonominya, hendaknya berpegang pada pendoman penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik (Good Governance), sehingga regulasi yang dikeluarkan tidak menimbulkan distorsi pasar, atau bertentangan dengan semangat persaingan yang sehat. Untuk menciptakan/menumbuhkan pelaku usaha yang memiliki daya saing yang tinggi, sehingga mampu bersaing dipasar global, maka lahirlah Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (LPMPUTS) yang bertujuan mewujudkan perekonomian Indonesia yang efisien melalui penciptaan iklim usaha yang kondusif, yang menjamin adanya kepastian kesempatan berusaha yang sama bagi semua pelaku usaha. Disamping itu sebagal konsekuensi telah dirativikasinya Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1995 tentang Ratifikasi Persetujuan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization).Lemahnya pelaksanaan Good Governance (tata pemerintahan yang baik) dalam rangka melaksanakan fungsi ekonomi pemerintah, berkorelasi terhadap pelaksanaan Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (LPMPUTS). Untuk mencegah terjadinya penyalahgunaan posisi dominan oleh pelaku ekonomi tertentu (pemerintah atau swasta), sosialisasi dan penegakkan konsep Good Governance untuk Pemerintah dan Good Corporate Governance untuk Perusahaan Swasta menjadi sangat penting. Praktek budaya Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN) di lingkungan Birokrasi Pemerintah dan praktek budaya Koneksi, Proteksi dan Relasi (KPR) di lingkungan pelaku usaha menjadi faktor kendala yang cukup dominan dalam pelaksanaan Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1999, selain hambatan-hambatan substansi, prosedural, dan kelembagaan. Kurangnya sosialisasi Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1999 kepada aparat Birokrasi, Penegak Hukum (Hakim, Jaksa, dan Polisi), Pelaku Usaha dan Masyarakat akan berpotensi menjadi kendala dalam penegakkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999.Pelaksanaan dan penegakkan Good Govemance serta Undang-undang nomor 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (LPMPUTS) merupakan kepentingan Bangsa Indonesia untuk dapat bangkit dari krisis ekonomi, sehingga melahirkan pelaku usaha yang kompetitif (mampu bersaing) baik dipasar nasional maupun global."

"Perusahaan layaknya seperti makhluk hidup. Mereka berubah dan berkembang. Mereka merespon lingkungan sekitarnya. Spesifikasi klien selalu berubah, teknologi berkembang semakin canggih secara berkelanjutan, dan karyawan datang dan pergi silih berganti. Bisnis menjadi semakin kompetitif setiap tahunnya, dan biaya-biaya yang harus dikeluarkan perusahaan semakin meningkat. Tantangan-tantangan dari kondisi-kondisi seperti tersebut di atas mengharuskan setiap perusahaan untuk menemukan berbagai cara untuk tetap hidup dan berkembang. Sebagai makhluk hidup, jika perusahan-perusahaan tersebut tidak peka untuk melakukan perubahan dalam merespon lingkungannya, maka perusahan tersebut akan jatuh atau bangkrut. Terlebih lagi, perubahan harus dilakukan pada setiap level/tingkatan dalam suatu organisasi. Semakin cepat organisasi tersebut dapat melakukan perubahan terhadap semua level/tingkat karyawannya, maka akan semakin banyak dana yang akan dihasilkan oleh perusahaan, serta semakin cepat pula perusahaan tersebut mampu merespon keinginan para pelanggannya (customers).5S adalah singkatan dari Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke yang dapat diterjemahkan menjadi Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat dan Rajin atau dalam bahasa Inggris adalah singkatan dari Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize dan Sustain. 5S merupakan metode yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap untuk mengatur kondisi tempat kerja yang berdampak langsung terhadap peningkatan kualitas, efisiensi, mempercepat penyelesaian tugas sebelum jatuh tempo, mengurangi pemborosan, efektifitas, produktivitas, dan keselamatan kerja dengan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman dan menyenangkan. 5S ini bisa dan telah berhasil diaplikasikan pada berbagai ukuran perusahaan, tipe produk dan aliran proses yang berbeda. 5S tidak hanya diaplikasikan pada perusahaan manufaktur saja, tapi telah berhasil diterapkan pada berbagai jenis usaha seperti berbagai service industry operations di antaranya seperti bidang keuangan, pemasaran, perhotelan dan jasa pelayanan makanan.Akhir-akhir ini sepeda motor menjadi sangat penting dalam aktivitas hidup manusia khususnya Indonesia. Pangsa pasar sepeda motor meningkat di Indonesia saat ini terutama dikarenakan meningkatnya harga BBM memberi kesempatan PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Mfg untuk meningkatkan penjualan produk terhandalnya yaitu sepeda motor (motor cycle) dengan merek YAMAHA sehingga menjadikannya masuk dalam lima besar perusahaan manufaktur otomotif sepeda motor di Indonesia. PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Mfg telah menerapkan Program Kerja 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke) budaya Jepang sebagai penerapan dari falsafah Kaizen (Perbaikan berkelanjutan) dalam kehidupan bisnisnya. Dengan penerapan 5S ini diharapkan organisasi dapat meningkatkan efektifitas perusahaan, efisiensi, produktivitas, kualitas/mutu dan keselamatan kerja. Keberhasilan penerapan 5S dapat meningkatkan efisiensi perusahaan dan pada akhirnya mempengaruhi keuntungan perusahaan secara keseluruhan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis deskriptif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur penerapan 5S dan pengaruh antara program 5S terhadap Efektifitas Organisasi. Faktor-faktor 5S meliputi Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke. Indikator-indikator yang berada pada Efektifitas Organisasi meliputi Pendekatan Pencapaian Tujuan, Pendekatan Sistem, Pendekatan Konstituensi-strategis, dan Pendekatan Nilai-nilai Bersaing. Berdasarkan beberapa teori seperti Teori Budaya Organisasi berperan membantu perusahaan dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan. Teori Budaya Organisasi Jepang Kaizen sebagai pendekatan untuk mengadakan perubahan berkelanjutan dalam budaya kerja. Teori 5S Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke sebagai penerapan dari falsafah Kaizen, sedangkan Teori Efektifitas Organisasi untuk menunjukkan seberapa baik proses atau ukuran dalam memenuhi pencapaian tujuan organisasi.Penelitian yang dilakukan pada PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Mfg menggunakan beberapa metode penelitian. Data primer untuk variabel independent tentang kekuatan penerapan 5S budaya Jepang dan pengaruhnya terhadap Efektifitas Organisasi yang dikumpulkan dari hasil kuesioner yang didistribusikan pada karyawan HRD sebanyak 45 orang. Kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert dari skala 1 sampai 5, mengindikasikan dari nilai terkecil sampai pada terbesar terhadap kekuatan budaya dan pengaruhnya. Reabilitas dari penelitian ini diindikasikan dengan standar deviasi pada SPSS untuk Windows versi 13.0. Data-data tersebut dijadikan dua variabel dan nantinya digunakan sebagai alat penguji statistik untuk menghitung regresi dan koefisien korelasi Pearson.Hasil penelitian terhadap 45 sampel karyawan perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa program sikap kerja 5S ini dapat berjalan dengan baik dan juga memberikan implikasi yang cukup baik pada efektifitas organisasi. Namun masih terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang tentunya juga berpengaruh terhadap efektifitas organisasi seperti sumber daya manusia, metode, modal, material dan mesin atau peralatan.

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Offices are like living organisms. They change and grow. They respond to their environment. Client specifications are always changing, new technologies continue to develop, and employees come and go. Business becomes more competitive each year, and costs continue to rise. Challenged by these conditions, companies must fine ways to survive. As living organisms, if they do not make changes in response to their environment, they will fail. Moreover, changes must be made at every level of an organization. The faster an organization can make them, the more money it can save, and the quicker it can respond to its customers.5S?s stands for Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke or in English are Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize and Sustain. They are a stepwise, sequential method for organizing the workplace to improve quality, efficiency, meet deadlines, reduce waste, productivity and safety working environment by creating a safer and more pleasant working environment. 5S is a systematic approach that streamlines the work environment, helping companies achieve and maintain a competitive edge in today?s global economy. It is highly cost effective, can be implemented in virtually all work situations and locations. 5S can, and is, being successfully applied in companies of all sizes, product types and process flows. 5S applies to much more than just manufacturing production floors. It also is being successfully deployed in many business system process flows, engineering department flows and even in such wide and varying service industry operations such as finance, marketing, hospitality and food service.Nowadays, motor cycle has been very crucial and take important roles in human life activities especially in Indonesia. The marketplace of motorcycle is growing in Indonesia especially because of the price of gasoline or BBM recently has been increased and that is giving a chance to PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Manufacturing to increase their best selling product - motorcycle with YAMAHA brand which has been caused this company one of the 5 biggest automotive manufacturing companies in Indonesia. PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Manufacturing has been implementing the 5S Japanese culture (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke) as the implementing of Kaizen (Continuous Improvement) in their living business. By implementing the 5S?s, an organization can improve organization effectiveness, efficiencies, productivities, qualities and promote safe working environments. Successfully deploying the 5S?s will improve organizational efficiencies and enhance overall performance. This research is using the analytical descriptive method.This research is aimed to know how strength the implementation of 5S and whether it will be impacted to organization effectiveness. The 5S?s factors include Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu and Shitsuke, which Organization Effectiveness includes some factors such as reach goals approach, system approach, constituency-strategic approach and competitive approach.Based on some theories such as organizational theory suggesting the importance of remembering that organization values will help companies to face environment that are always changing. Organizational Japanese Kaizen Theory as the Japanese culture approach is aimed to implement continuous improvements for working environments. 5S Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu dan Shitsuke is aimed to implement the Kaizen, on the other hand, Organization Effectiveness theory suggesting how is the process to achieve goals or reach the organization?s targets.The research conducted in PT. Yamaha Indonesia Motor Manufacturing using the following research methodology. Primary data for independent variable for the strength of the 5S Japanese culture and how it will be impacted organization effectiveness which collected through questionnaires distributed to HRD employees for 45 persons. The questionnaires are using Likert scale from one to five, indicating the weakest to the strongest cultures and its impacts. The reliability of this research was indicated by standard deviation from SPSS for Windows version 13.0. These data of the two variables were then analyzed using statistical tools of regression and Pearson Correlation coefficient.The result of this research concluded that there is a strength implementation of 5S Japanese culture in this company but there is a standard impact of the strength of 5S Japanese culture implementation to organization effectiveness. It probably caused by other factors such as human resource, methods, capitals, materials and machine includes equipment and tools."

"Tea is a drink that is liked for many reasons by almost every people in the earth. Conscious or not, it fills most of the people's daily live. Some of them even make tea drinking as their habit, which certainly shows their good sense and madness of processed plantation called tea. It is indeed someone's choice of drinking pattern. But among various drinks offered in this world, tea is a famous alternative to make. Human fondness of tea drinking tends also to be found in almost every nation. In Indonesia, tea has also known for centuries. However, the fondness of tea accelerates extraordinarily in the latest century. Various sociological patterns about tea especially in Indonesia will be this research entity. Tea is assumed carrying certain understanding, certain symbol, and certain function for certain group of society, if not all, in certain time. This becomes more interesting while the variation of meaning, symbol and function differs more and more. It certainly cannot be hindered because it relates strictly with individuals and societies. This research's prime vision is to emphasize more portions in the global culture's spectacle. It is so done, because the assumption of a single nations' tradition, which is the English style afternoon tea breaks the limit and penetrates in almost all over the world. It then associates with local tea tradition and assumed as the global culture. Nevertheless, culture cannot work and process all alone. It must relate and link with other sides or spectacles of globalization too. These will also be a little bit discussed in connection with the culture. The penetration process of the tea is not taken for granted. It costs high enough that the tea ritual is not pure anymore. This caused by the society, which is named as market in economical science. Like basic economical law has taught before, the market plays an important role where supply will be adjusted with their demand. This phenomenon can and will be benefited by thorough ?money managers? through business area. Good networking between them and the system strengthen the collaboration and association of the development of the global economy. Globalization in the area of culture and economy is lead and supported by political life. It needs power to make things possible. Power, which is dominated by the state, gives and makes deep and huge impacts on state's life. The state's role is needed instead of positive or negative power. This power shall associate and collaborate to make a fruitful condition. A little bit portion on global politic will be a part of this paper's angle of vision.

Thus, it can be concluded that tea does not discern borders, nations, races, classes or everything concerning with segregation. Human is generally acquainted it. The only matter is the `option'. How people processes, packs, presents, or even actualizes it, are all people's choice according to their preference to the outcome. Some people value it nothing, but some others do appreciate the tradition. In connection with globalization, these reasons base the selection of the title too. So, please have a great pleasure in reading this paper under the title of ?Global Tea in Local Context?."

"This book presents effective strategies for developing countries to leverage their public sector demand for manufactured imports to promote industrialization, trade, and technology transfer. Technology transfer and its absorption is considered one of the most crucial and complicated challenges for developing countries, which are characterized by insufficient infrastructure, low technological intensity of the domestic capital stock, and high levels of manufactured imports. Which strategies and policy tools can governments employ to link demand with technology transfer, thereby enhancing absorption capacity and development in emerging economies."

"Today, Robert P. Smith is a legend in the world of finance. Part adventurer and part economic warrior, this Indiana Jones of the financial world was an advance man for the forces of globalization, having spent more than thirty years traveling through five continents, buying and selling high risk securities in the world's most downtrodden economies. So tenuous was his operation and so covert the transactions, that an overnight fluctuation in a country's currency rate could mean the difference between a spectacular profit or a devastating loss. Today, the trade in emerging market debt is worth more than five billion dollars a day, but it was virtually non-existent when Smith, a one-time collections lawyer, pioneered the business in the late 1970s. "Riches Among the Ruins" is the extraordinary story of Robert Smith's search to make money doing the riskiest kind of business. We are at his side as he travels through the treacherous and exhilarating world of the debt trader, dodging bullets and roadside bombs in post-Saddam Iraq, and risking his life on the chaotic streets of Nigeria. As he engages in a battle of wills with businessmen in Istanbul, and loses millions overnight in the ruins of the post-Soviet Russian economy, we experience all of the thrill and terror that accompanies making big money in emerging markets. At once adrenaline-fueled and utterly compelling, this is the gripping story of one man's quest for fortune where others fear to tread."

"Emerging markets and the global economy investigates analytical techniques suited to emerging market economies, which are typically prone to policy shocks. Despite the large body of emerging market finance literature, their underlying dynamics and interactions with other economies remain challenging and mysterious because standard financial models measure them imprecisely.Describing the linkages between emerging and developed markets, this collection systematically explores several crucial issues in asset valuation and risk management. Contributors present new theoretical constructions and empirical methods for handling cross-country volatility and sudden regime shifts. Usually attractive for investors because of the superior growth they can deliver, emerging markets can have a low correlation with developed markets. "

"Skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai bagaimana sebuah friksi dapat terjadi di dalam setiap pertemuan dua maupun lebih pihak yang bekerjasama dalam suatu rangkaian kerjasama. Sebuah friksi terjadi karena adanya implikasi dari suatu kesepakatan dalam sebuah kerjasama yang mana friksi tersebut bersifat mengekang di dalam kerjasama tersebut. China, India, dan Pakistan pada kebijakan luar negerinya sama-sama melakukan kerjasama di dalam sebuah proyek infrastruktur ekonomi global bernama Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI merupakan sebuah kerjasama yang diusung pertama kali oleh China pada tahun 2013 di bawah pemerintahan Xi Jinping. Pada pelaksanaannya, proyek BRI banyak menemukan friksi-friksi yang terjadi di dalamnya, terutama pada ranah kerjasama antara China dengan India dan China dengan Pakistan di dalam koridor ekonomi BRI masing-masing. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan sebagai penunjang data-data di dalam skripsi ini. Penulis menemukan bahwa terjadinya friksi di dalam sebuah kerjasama antarnegara merupakan sebuah hal yang sering terjadi, terutama pada negara yang sedang mengalami konflik. Pada penemuannya, penulis juga menemukan bahwa terjalin sebuah solusi atas friksi yang terjadi di dalam kerjasama BRI antara China dan Pakistan sehingga melanggengkan kerekatan kerjasama kedua negara tersebut, sedangkan friksi yang terjadi pada kerjasama BRI antara China dan India justru tidak menemukan solusinya sehingga membuat kerekatan kerjasama kedua negara tersebut menjadi semakin renggang.

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This thesis explains how a friction can occur in every meeting of two or more parties who work together in a series of cooperation. A friction occurs because of the implications of an agreement in a cooperation where the friction is restrictive in the cooperation. China, India, and Pakistan in their foreign policies are both cooperating in a global economic infrastructure project called the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). BRI is a collaboration that was first promoted by China in 2013 under Xi Jinping era. In its implementation, the BRI project found many frictions that occurred in it, especially in the realm of cooperation between China-India and China-Pakistan within the respective BRI economic corridors. In this study, the author uses the library method as supporting the data in the completion of this thesis. The author finds that the occurrence of friction in a cooperation between countries is something that often happens, especially in countries that are experiencing conflict. In his findings, the author also found that there is a solution to the friction that occurred in the BRI cooperation between China and Pakistan so as to perpetuate the closeness of the cooperation between the two countries, while the friction that occurred in the BRI cooperation between China and India did not find a solution, thus creating a closer cooperation between the two countries. the country is becoming more and more tenuous."