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Abstrak :
Objective: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines. Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma using MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and anti- inflammatory study showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem bark dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner. Conclusions: This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment of cancer and inflammation.;

Abstrak :
Objective: Garcinia xanthochymus extract has been reported to have several pharmacological properties. This study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of G. xanthochymus extracts on cell lines. Methods: The roots and stem barks of plant were extracted using maceration method with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, successively. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested against MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma using MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory study was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated cells was measured using Griess reagent. Results: The results of cytotoxic and antiinflammatory study showed that dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of root and stem bark exhibited cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, for anti-inflammatory study, all root extracts together with stem bark dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts reduce NO production in LPS-stimulated cells in dose dependent manner. Conclusions: This finding indicated that G. xanthochymus extracts might become interesting candidate for treatment of cancer and inflammation.

Abstrak :
Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia dan abnormalitas metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein. Salah satu agen terapetik untuk pengobatan diabetes mellitus adalah inhibitor -glukosidase. Pada penelitian terdahulu diketahui bahwa tanaman dengan suku Clusiaceae pada umumnya memiliki potensi menghambat -glukosidase. Salah satu tanaman dengan suku Clusiaceae adalah Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. And. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah kulit buah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak dan fraksi teraktif pada penghambatan aktivitas -glukosidase serta mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi teraktif tersebut. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksan, aseton dan metanol. Uji penghambatan aktivitas -glukosidase dilakukan dengan microplate reader (=405 nm). Akarbosa digunakan sebagai standar (IC50=36,98 μg/mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak aseton memiliki kemampuan menghambat aktivitas -glukosidase paling kuat dengan persen inhibisi pada 500 ppm paling tinggi (117,30%). Ekstrak aseton tersebut difraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom dan menghasilkan 8 fraksi gabungan. Fraksi gabungan ke-5 adalah fraksi gabungan teraktif (IC50=111,302) dan menginhibisi α-glukosidase secara kompetitif. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia menunjukkan bahwa fraksi gabungan ke-5 mengandung flavonoid, glikosida, fenol dan saponin. ...... Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism. One of therapeutic agent for diabetes mellitus treatment is -glukosidase inhibitors. In previous studies, it is known that Clusiaceae family have a potency to inhibit -glukosidase generally. One of Clusiaceae family is Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. And. The part of the plant used is the rind. This research was conducted to determine the potency of the extract and active fractions on the inhibition of -glukosidase activity and determine the chemical groups of the active fraction. Extraction is done by multilevel maceration used n-hexane, acetone, and methanol. -glukosidase activity inhibition test performed by microplate reader (=405 nm). Acarbose was used as standard (IC50=36,98 μg/mL). The research’s result show that acetone extract has the strongest ability to inhibit -glukosidase with the highest percent inhibition at 500 ppm (117,30%). The acetone extract was fractionated by column chromatography yield 8 combined fractions. The 5th combined fraction is the most active combined fractions (IC50=111,302) and inhibited -glukosidase competitively. The phytochemical screening showed that the 5th combined fraction contained flavonoids, glycosides, fenols, and saponins.

Abstrak :
Salah satu terapi untuk mengatasi tinggi level kolesterol dengan menghambat enzim HMG-KoA reduktase pada biosintesis kolesterol. Penelitian sebelumnya pada hewan uji, ekstrak etanol Garcinia xanthochymus dapat menghambat peningkatan kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas penghambatan enzim HMG-KoA reduktase pada ekstrak air Garcinia xanthochymus, penetapan kadar flavonoid dan fenol total, pembuatan sediaan teh herbal dari simplisia yang sudah dikarakterisasi dan uji hedonis. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan HMG-KoA reduktase secara enzimatis, penetapan kadar flavonoid total secara kolorimetri AlCl3 dan penetapan kadar fenol total dengan Folin-Ciocalteu. Hasil pengujian penghambatan enzim HMG-KoA reduktase tertinngi adalah ekstrak air 5 menit yaitu 46,45 4.1140. Hasil dari susut pengeringan memenuhi persyaratan < 10 sedangkan hasil kadar sari larut air 42,77 0,0255 , kadar sari larut etanol 45,52 0,0036, kadar abu total 10,77 0,0021, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 4,42 0,002. Hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid total tertinggi adalah ekstrak 5 menit yaitu 24,213 mgQE/gr ekstrak. Hasil penetapan kadar fenol total tertinggi adalah ekstrak 15 menit yaitu 12,171 mgGAE/gr ekstrak. Hasil uji hedonis pada parameter warna,aroma, dan rasa, adanya perbedaan signifikan pada uji kesukaan rasa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitain ini ekstrak air memiliki aktivitas penghambatan yang kecil terhadap enzim HMG-KoA reduktase.

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One of the therapies that can be used to treat high cholesterol levels is by inhibiting the enzyme HMG CoA reductase inhibitors on biosynthesis cholesterol. Previous research conducted with animal test, Garcinia xanthochymus can inhibit the increase in cholesterol. This research aims to test the inhibitory activity of the enzyme HMG Coa reductase on water extract of Garcinia xanthochymus, the determination of the levels of flavonoids and phenols, total manufacture of preparations of the herb tea simplisia already characterized and test the hedonist. Inhibitory activity of testing of HMG Coa reductase in enzimatis, the determination of the levels of total flavonoids in kolorimetri of AlCl3 and the determination of the levels of total phenols by Folin Ciocalteu. Results of testing the inhibition of the enzyme HMG CoA reductase inhibitors showed that the water extract of 5 minutes has the highest percent inhibition activity is 46.45 4.1140, Results of drying shrinkage meets the requirements of drying shrinkage meets the requirements of <10% while the yield levels ...

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
HMG-KoA reduktase merupakan salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam biosintesis kolesterol. Peningkatan kadar LDL atau kolesterol total dalam darah dapat menyebabkan hiperkolesterolemia yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko timbulnya penyakit tidak menular kardiovaskular dan metabolik. Asam Kandis Garcinia xanthochymus merupakan salah satu tanaman dari keluarga Clusiaceae atau Guttiferae yang mengandung beragam senyawa fenolat dan memiliki banyak aktivitas farmakologis seperti antikanker, antioksidan, antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antikolesterolemia, dan antineurodegeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan penghambatan terhadap aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase dari ekstrak-ekstrak daging buah Asam Kandis. Ekstrak teraktif kemudian ditentukan golongan senyawa metabolit sekundernya dan ditetapkan kadar flavonoid totalnya. Daging buah Asam Kandis dimaserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Berdasarkan hasil uji, ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol memberikan persen penghambatan sebesar 12,30 1,098 ; 55,63 10,584 ; dan 44,01 1,053 . Ekstrak etil asetat ditetapkan sebagai ekstrak teraktif sehingga dilakukan penapisan fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak etil asetat daging buah Asam Kandis mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, glikosida, dan antrakuinon serta memiliki kadar flavonoid total sebesar 1,61 atau 16,114 mgQE/g ekstrak terhadap kuersetin.

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ABSTRAK
HMG CoA reductase is a pivotal enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. Increased level of LDL and total cholesterol on blood will cause hypercholesterolemia which is one of risk factor of non contagious cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Asam Kandis Garcinia xanthochymus belongs to Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family that has various phenolic compounds and many pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflamatory, anticholesterolemia, and antineurodegenerative. This research is aimed to find the inhibitory activity of Asam Kandis mesocarp extracts toward HMG CoA reductase. Then, the most active extract was determined its secondary metabolite and was quantification its total flavonoid content. Asam Kandis mesocarp was macerated sequentially using n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Based on the test, n hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract has inhibitory activity on 12,30 1,098 55,63 10,584 and 44,01 1,053 respectively. Ethyl acetate extract had been determined as the most active extract based on this data. Therefore, phytochemical screening and total flavonoid assay quantification was evaluated. The result showed that on the ethyl acetate extract of Asam Kandis mesocarp has flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside, and anthraquinone compounds and total flavonoid is 1,61 or 16,114 mgQE g toward quercetin.