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"Menanggapi masalah Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing IUU Fishing yang tengah dihadapi Indonesia, Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan beberapakebijakan yang dapat menurunkan jumlah aktivitas IUU Fishing, yang salah satudiantaranya adalah tindakan penenggelaman kapal bagi kapal pelaku IUU Fishing.Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui apakah tindakan penenggelaman kapalyang dilakukan sudah sesuai dengan hukum nasional dan internasional, sertamemenuhi kriteria penegakan hukum. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan denganstudi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan narasumber yaitu Kementerian Kelautandan Perikanan Republik Indonesia dan Satuan Tugas Pemberantas Illegal Fishing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan penenggelaman kapal sudah sesuaiberdasarkan hukum nasional dan internasional yaitu berdasarkan Pasal 25, 27 dan73 UNCLOS serta Pasal 69 ayat 4 dan 76A UU No. 45 Tahun 2009 tentangPerikanan. Namun dalam pandangan sebagai upaya penegakan hukum, masihterdapat ketidakpastian hukum khususnya jika didasarkan Pasal 69 ayat 4 UU No.45 Tahun 2009 karena barang bukti kapal tidak memenuhi prosedur sebagaimanaterdapat pada Kitab Hukum Acara Pidana. Sehingga masih diperlukan adanyaperbaikan terhadap peraturan untuk melakukan penenggelaman kapal khususnyayang didasari Pasal 69 ayat 4 UU No. 45 Tahun 2009.

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In response to the Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing IUU Fishing problems that Indonesias currently facing, the Government issued several policiesthat could reduce the number of IUU Fishing activities, one of which is the act ofsinking ship for those who committed IUU Fishing activity. This research intendsto know whether the act of sinking the ship is aligning with national andinternational law as well as fulfill the criteria of law enforcement. Data collectionmethod of this research was done by literature study and interview with Ministry ofMarine Affairs and Fisheries and Illegal Fishing Task Force.

The results of theresearch indicate that the act of sinking the vessel is appropriate according tonational and international law, namely Article 25, 27 and 73 UNCLOS and Article69 paragraph 4 and Article 76A Law no. 45 Year 2009 on Fisheries. However, inview of law enforcement efforts, there are still legal uncertainties, especially ifbased on Article 69 paragraph 4 of Law no. 45 Year 2009 because is no proceduresas of how to transferred the vessels into the legitimate evidence as stated in Bookof the Criminal Procedure Code. Therefore it is still necessary to improve theregulation regarding the act of sinking ship especially based on Article 69 paragraph 4 of Law no. 45 Year 2009."

"ABSTRAKPraktik illegal fishing di dunia semakin masif dan berkembang melibatkan teknik-teknik yang digunakan untuk mengeksploitasi kelemahan dalam regulasi perikanan dunia. Berbagai kejahatan serius dan bersifat lintas batas negara atau transnational organized crime dilakukan demi melancarkan operasinya. Sejumlah laporan kasus menemukan adanya hubungan erat antara transnational organized crime dengan illegal fishing memunculkan gagasan perubahan paradigma illegal fishing dari permasalahan pengelolaan dan konservasi perikanan atau administratif menjadi kejahatan dan diatur dalam United Nations Convention Againts Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC sebagai transnational organized crime. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan menganalisis berbagai kasus illegal fishing skala besar yang disertai praktik transnational organized crime berdasarkan kriteria transnational organized crime dalam UNTOC. Berdasarkan analisis kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa illegal fishing dalam skala besar sudah memenuhi kriteria sebagai transnational organized crime. Oleh karena itu illegal fishing tidak dapat dianggap hanya sebagai sekadar isu administratif, namun sebagai kejahatan serius. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi fisheries crime dapat menjembatani illegal fishing untuk dapat dikategorikan sebagai transnational organized fisheries crime. Namun, konsepsi ini masih prematur mengingat luasnya cakupan dari fisheries crime dan belum adanya dokumen hukum yang secara eksplisit mengatur definisi jelas dari illegal fishing selain dari IPOA-IUU dibawah naungan FAO. Diperlukan pendekatan multi-door approach untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, sebab, illegal fishing merupakan kejahatan yang dapat memiliki berbagai modus dan bentuk, sehingga pendekatan multidisipliner dapat membantu untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini bagaimanapun bentuknya.

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ABSTRACTThe practice of illegal fishing in the world is massively increasing and growing in which it involves different techniques used to exploit the weaknesses in the world 39 s existing fisheries regulations. A variety of serious crimes that coincidingly crosses between state borders, or what is commonly referred to as a transnational organized crime, takes place in order to ease this operation. A number of case reports indicate a very close link between transnational organized crime and illegal fishing and therefore it brings about the idea for a change in the paradigm of illegal fishing from a fish management and conservation or administrative issue into a crime paradigm to be regarded as a transnational organized crime and to be regulated within the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC itself. This thesis makes use of a juridical normative research method that will analyze various cases of large scale illegal fishing associated with transnational organized crime practices based on the criteria of a transnational organized crime as stipulated in the UNTOC. Based on a case analysis utilizing several data sources from literatures and interviews, it can be concluded that illegal fishing on a large scale evidently meets the criteria of a transnational organized crime. Therefore, illegal fishing cannot be regarded as merely an administrative issue, but has to also be viewed as a serious crime. The results of this study indicate that the concept of fisheries crime can become a bridge for illegal fishing to be categorized as a transnational organized fisheries crime. However, this conception is premature given the broad scope of fisheries crime itself and the absence of legal documents explicitly regulating a clear definition of illegal fishing aside from the IPOA IUU under the authority of the FAO. A multi door approach is needed to address this problem, because illegal fishing is a crime that can arise from multiple methods and forms, hence a multidisciplinary approach can help to overcome this problem no matter what form it comes in."

"ABSTRAK United Nations Convention on The Law Of  The Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 telah diratifikasi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 1985 membedakan wilayah laut dalam delapan rezim yang salah satunya adalah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif.  Dalam UNCLOS 1982 tersebut diatur beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan hak dan kewajiban negara pantai di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Hak negara pantai di  Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif diantaranya adalah melaksanakan penegakan hukum dengan memberikan hukuman terhadap warga negara asing yang melakukan tindak pidana perikanan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Dalam hal penjatuhan hukuman, Pasal 73 ayat (3) UNCLOS 1982 dan Pasal 102  Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan yang telah diadakan perubahan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 melarang penjatuhan setiap bentuk hukuman badan terhadap warga negara asing yang melakukan tindak pidana perikanan di Zona Eonomi Eksklusif kecuali telah ada perjanjian dengan pemerintah negara yang bersangkutan. Penjatuhan hukuman terhadap warga negara asing yang melakukan tindak pidana perikanan di Zona Eonomi Eksklusif hanya dalam bentuk hukuman denda. Hal ini menimbulkan permasalahan apabila warga negara asing tersebut tidak dapat membayar denda yang telah diputuskan dalam sidang pengadilan.

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ABSTRACT The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 has been ratified through Act Number 17 of 1985 distinguishing marine areas in eight regimes, one of which is the Exclusive Economic Zone. In the 1982 UNCLOS a number of matters relating to the rights and obligations of coastal countries in the Exclusive Economic Zone were regulated. The rights of coastal states in the Exclusive Economic Zone include implementing law enforcement by giving penalties to foreign nationals who carry out fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone. In the case of sentencing, Article 73 paragraph (3) of UNCLOS 1982 and Article 102 of Act Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries which have been amended by Act Number 45 of 2009 prohibits the imposition of any form of corporal punishment on foreign nationals who act fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone unless there is an agreement with the government of the country concerned. The imposition of penalties on foreign nationals committing a fishery crime in the Exclusive Economic Zone is only in the form of a fine. This creates a problem if the foreign citizen cannot pay the fine that has been decided in the court session.

 

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"ABSTRAKTindak pidana perikanan (illegal fishing) merupakan permasalahan serius untuk Indonesia. Kerugian yang dialami Indonesia akibat illegal fishing mencapai Rp. 300 triliun pertahun. Pemulihan aset (asset recovery) merupakan sarana yang dapat digunakan untuk memulihkan kerugian ekonomi yang terjadi akibat illegal fishing. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana penegakan hukum perkara illegal fishing dihubungkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang ingin mengoptimalkan ganti rugi dari tindak pidana perikanan dan apa upaya-upaya yang pemerintah dapat lakukan dalam melakukan pemulihan aset akibat illegal fishing bersama dengan aparat penegak hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat Preskriptif, peneliti menganalisa penegakan hukum terhadap perkara illegal fishing (dengan studi kasus kapal MV. Hai Fa) dan kemudian memberikan masukan (rekomendasi) cara pemulihan aset (asset recovery) yang dapat dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlunya diambil langkah-langkah upaya pemulihan aset dengan menggunakan pendekatan multi-door, mengajukan tuntutan pidana kepada korporasi dan mengajukan gugatan perdata dalam penanganan dan penyelesaian perkara illegal fishing, serta memanfaatkan Pusat Pemulihan Aset pada Kejaksaan Repubik Indonesia dengan melakukan penguatan struktur pemulihan aset dan hukum substantif terkait penanganan dan penyelesaian tindak pidana dibidang perikanan.

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ABSTRACTFisheries crime (illegal fishing) is a serious problem for Indonesia. Indonesia?s losses due to illegal fishing reached IDR 300 trillion per year. Asset recovery is a tool that can be used to recover economical damages caused by illegal fishing. The research problem is: how does the law enforcement of illegal fishing cases link to government policies to optimize the compensation of fisheries crime and what efforts can the government do in conducting asset recovery due to illegal fishing together with law enforcement officers. By using the method of normative and prescriptive legal research, researcher analyzed law enforcement against illegal fishing (with a case study of MV. Hai Fa vessel) and then provides feedback (recommendation) on ways of asset recovery that can be done. The results of the study suggest the need to take necessary steps of asset recovery by using multi-door approach, file criminal charges against the corporation and file a lawsuit in the handling and settlement of illegal fishing cases, as well as utilize Asset Recovery Centre on the Attorney General Office of the Republic Indonesia by strengthening the structure of asset recovery and the substantive law related to the handling and settlement of fisheries crime"