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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kolostrum merupakan cairan ASI pertama yang kaya akan protein dan mengandung zat antibodi atau kekebalan tubuh yang berfungsi melindungi tubuh terhadap infeksi. Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kemantian balita. Masih sedikitnya penelitian mengenai hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita menjadi alasan dilakukannya penelitian ini. Penelitian yang melihat hubungan IMD terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita usia 2-23 bulan di Poli MTBS Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres tahun 2018 ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol. Sampel penelitian adalah 62 kasus dan 62 kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita usia 2-23 bulan di Poli MTBS Puskesmas Kecamatan Kalideres Tahun 2018 dengan OR 2,527 (95% CI 1,173 - 5,364). Artinya, balita usia 2-23 bulan yang tidak melakukan IMD memiliki risiko 2,527 kali lebih besar menjadi sakit pneumonia dibandingkan dengan balita usia 2-23 bulan yang melakukan IMD.

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ABSTRACT
Colostrum is the first breast milk that rich in protein and contains antibodies or immune serving as bodies protection against infection. Pneumonia is one of main causes of death among infants. Fewer researchers on relation of early breastfeeding's initiation to pneumonia among infants was the reason for this study. This research sees relation of early breastfeeding's initiation to pneumonia among 2-23 months infants on MTBS at Kalideres public health center 2018 by using case control method. Samples of this research are 62 cases and 62 controls. Result of this research shows relation of early breastfeeding's initiation to pneumonia among 2-23 infants on MTBS at Kalideres public health centers 2018 (OR 2,527 ; 95% CI 1,173 - 5,364). It means infants among 2-23 months without early initiation of brestfeeding have 2,527 times greater risks of pneumonia than infants among 2-23 months with early initiation of brestfeeding.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kehamilan tidak diinginkan memiliki pengaruh negatif pada kesehatan ibu maupun kesehatan anak (Gipson, Koenig dan Hindin, 2008). Literatur sebelumnya menyebutkan anak yang kehamilannya tidak diinginkan cenderung tidak menerima imunisasi lengkap. sama halnya dengan anak yang tidak diinginkan juga lebih terlambat untuk disusui atau diberikan IMD (Chinebuah and Escamilla, 2002; Marston and Cleland, 2003). Penelitian ini menggunakan Data SDKI 2012 dengan unit analisis WUS 15-49 tahun yang memiliki anak terakhir usia 12-59 bulan. Hasil regresi logistik multinomial menemukan bahwa anak yang kehamilannya tidak diinginkan memiliki kecenderungan lebih rendah untuk menerima imunisasi dasar lengkap dan diberikan IMD ≤ 1 jam dibandingkan anak diinginkan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan perilaku ibu pada anak yang kehamilannya tidak tepat waktu terhadap anak yang kehamilannya diinginkan. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perilaku kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi adalah penolong persalinan dan kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan. Sementara untuk perilaku pemberian IMD variabel lain yang mempengaruhi adalah umur hamil dan urutan kelahiran.

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ABSTRACT
Unwanted pregnancies had the negative impact for mother?s and children healthy (Gipson, Koenig and Hindin, 2008) The existing literature found that unwanted children are less likely to receive full immunization with Jensen and Alhburg (1999). In addition, women with unwanted pregnancies are less likely to give early initiation of breastfeeding (Chinebuah and Escamilla, 2002; Marston and Cleland, 2003). This study analyzed secondary data IDHS 2012 using inferential analysis in the two of multivariate logistic regression. The sample for this study is analysis are women aged 15-49 years old who had marriage status and cohabitation and having children 12-59 months who were born in the last five year. The result of multinomial regression show that children?s are come from unwanted pregnancies less likely to receive full basic immunization compared to wanted children. The unwanted pregnancies also had negative effect for mother to giving early initiation of breastfeeding. There?s no different mother?s behavior for immunization behavior and early initiation of breastfeeding between mistimed children compared to wanted children. Other factors that influence completeness of vaccination is the birth attendance and health facilities visited. Maternal age and birth order also as a factor influenced early initiation of breastfeeding

Abstrak :
Inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) adalah meletakkan bayi di dada ibu segera setelah bayi lahir dan dibersihkan untuk melakukan kontak kulit antara dada ibu dan bayi, membiarkan bayi menemukan puting ibu untuk menyusu. Proporsi IMD di Dunia sebesar 42% ; ASIA Timur 32% ; ASIA Selatan 40%; dan di Indonesia 56,5%. Penundaan IMD biasanya disebabkan karena bayi lahir dengan dengan sectio cesarea (SC) karena perawatan pasca operasi yang lama sehingga menunda kontak ibu-bayi dan kemungkinan dilakukannya IMD menjadi kecil. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persalinan Caesar terhadap upaya pelaksanaan IMD, menggunakan data individu Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 2017 dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu ibu dengan bayi yang melakukan IMD (n=8418) dan ibu dengan bayi yang tidak melakukan IMD (n=4238). Data bersifat kategorik dan dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Persalinan dengan SC berisiko 2,7 kali untuk tidak melakukan IMD setelah dikontrol oleh variabel paritas; kunjungan ANC; berat lahir; interaksi antara persalinan Caesar dengan pekerjaan suami; interaksi antara persalinan Caesar dengan pendidikan ibu; dan interaksi antara persalinan Caesar dengan kunjungan ANC. Diharapkan agar dilakukan penapisan secara ketat agar persalinan tanpa indikasi tidak dilakukan tindakan SC, sehingga menurukan angka persalinan SC. Dibuatnya undang-undang mengenai upaya pelaksanaan IMD segera setelah bayi lahir baik bayi yang lahir dengan pervaginam maupun SC. ......Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is placing the baby on the mother's chest as soon as the baby is born and clean to make sure skin-to-skin contact between the mother's chest and the baby, letting the baby find the mother's nipple. The proportion of EIBF in the world was 42%; East ASIA 32%; South ASIA 40%; and in Indonesia 56.5%. Delayed of initiation of breastfeeding was usually caused by the baby was born by cesarean section (CS) because prolonged postoperative care, delaying mother-infant contact, making EIBF less likely. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the CS delivery on the implementation of early initiation of breastfeeding using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study were grouped into two groups, baby-mothers who did EIBF (n=8418) and baby-mothers who did not EIBF (n=4238). Data were categorical and analyzed by multiple logistic regression tests. Delivery with c-section had a 2.7 times risk of not getting EIBF after being controlled by the parity variable; ANC visit; birth weight; the interaction between the type of delivery and the work of the husband; the interaction between the type of delivery and the mother's education; and the interaction between the type of delivery and the ANC visit. It is hoped that a strict screening will be carried out so that deliveries without indications will not be performed by c-section, thereby reducing the number of CS deliveries. The drafting of a law regarding the implementation of EIBF immediately after the baby is born, either babies born with vaginal or CS.

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ABSTRAK
Toddler period, especially the first two years of life is considered as golden age for children because of their rapid growth and development. Therefore, the occurrence of nutritional disorders in the period can be permanent and irreversible. This study tried to assess correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and vitamin A with nutritional status. The total of samples analyzed in this study was 1,592 toddlers aged 6-59 months that were drawn from 2015 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey in Bengkulu. Data including age, sex, early initiation of breastfeeding, birth length, birth weight, vitamin A supplementation were collected by using questionnaire. Weight and height of children were obtained through anthropometric measurements. More than half of the toddlers (54.6%) did not get early initiation of breastfeeding. Based on multivariate analysis results, most dominant variables related to weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators were early initiation of breastfeeding and Vitamin A supplementation. Toddlers who did not get early initiation of breastfeeding are at risk of 1.555 times stunting compared to toddlers who got early initiation of breastfeeding. The most dominant variable related to height/age is vitamin A supplementation. Children who do not get vitamin A supplementation are at risk of stunting 2.402 times compared to children who get vitamin A supplementation.

Abstrak :
Alir Terhadap Pelaksanaan IMD di Puskesmas Kota Bogor Tahun 2019 Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) memiliki banyak manfaat bagi bayi, salah satunya mencegah kematian neonatal. Di Kota Bogor, sebagian besar bayi baru lahir tidak mendapatkan IMD. Salah satu penyebab pelaksanaan IMD menjadi kurang optimal di Kota Bogor adalah belum adanya prosedur standar baku yang menjabarkan alur pelaksanaan IMD yang dapat membantu bidan meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam memberikan pelayanan IMD secara optimal, khususnya yang menolong persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan media KIE berbentuk bagan alir dalam pelaksanaan IMD oleh bidan di Puskesmas Kota Bogor tahun 2019. Penelitian dilakukan di 8 puskesmas menggunakan desain penelitian kuasi-eksperimental. Responden terbagi dalam kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol, masing-masing terdiri dari 29 bidan yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kelompok intervensi diberikan KIE prosedur standar IMD menggunakan bagan alir sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan KIE berupa penjelasan secara singkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan IMD kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi (93,1%) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (20,7%). Rata-rata skor bidan kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi (96±3,7) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (84,7±5,2). Secara statistik, penggunaan media KIE bagan alir berpengaruh signifikan dalam pelaksanaan IMD di puskesmas Kota Bogor (p value <0,000). Media KIE prosedur standar berbentuk bagan alir efektif digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan IMD oleh bidan di puskesmas Kota Bogor.

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Flowchart to EIB Implementation at Public Health Center in Bogor City 2019 Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) has many benefits for babies, which can prevent the neonatal death. In Bogor City, most newborns did not get EIB. One of the causes of the EIB implementation being less optimal in Bogor City is the lack of standardized standard procedures that show the flow of EIB implementation which can help midwives to improve their understanding and skills in providing EIB services, especially those who helping childbirths. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of IEC materials through standard procedure flowchart in the implementation of EIB by midwives at Public Health Center (PHC) in Bogor City 2019. The location of this study
was in 8 PHCs using a quasi-experimental research design. Respondents were divided
into intervention and control groups, which is consisting of 29 midwives in each group
using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given IEC materials
through standard procedure flowchart and the control group was only brief explanation. The results showed the success of EIB in the intervention group was higher (93.1%) than the control group (20.7%). The average score of the intervention group was also higher (96±3.7) than the control group (84.7±5.2). Statistically, the use of IEC materials through standard procedure flowchart has a significant effect on the implementation of EIB in PHC in Bogor City (p value <0,000). IEC materials through standard procedure flowchart is used to optimize the implementation of the EIB by midwives in PHC.

Abstrak :
Peneltian ini dilakukan untuk menggali penyebab rendahnya cakupan ASI eksklusif dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya di Puskesmas Serpong 1,Kecamatan Serpong, Kota Tangerang Selatan. Informan petugas kesehatan daripuskesmas, rumah bersalin, klinik swasta dan bidan praktek pribadi. Penelitiandilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2016 dengan pendekatan kualitatifdan metode wawancara mendalam. Data utama penelitian ini adalah data primerdilengkapi data sekunder. Data sekunder diambil dari profil puskesmas serpong 1,data primer didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam kepada petugaskesehatan, kader posyandu, ibu bayi dan suami/orang tua diwilayah kerjaPuskesmas Serpong 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan petugas kesehatan dan orang tuadengan pemberian ASI eksklusif masih kurang, terutama dalam penatalaksanaanInisiasi Menyusu Dini dan rawat gabung. Pengetahuan tentang ASI eksklusif darisuami/orang tua dan kader posyandu masih kurang, sehingga diperlukansosialisasi dan pengawasan terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif dimasyarakat,penegasan sanksi terkait pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan dalamperaturan terkait pemberian ASI eksklusif.Kata kunci: ASI Eksklusif, Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Dukungan, Kualitatif. ...... This study was conducted to explore the causes of low coverage of exclusivebreastfeeding and the factors that influence in the Serpong 1 Community HealthCenter, Serpong subdistrict, South Tangerang City. Informants Health Officer ofHealth centers, maternity homes, private clinics and private midwives. The studywas conducted in November December 2016, with a qualitative approach and indepthinterviews. Main data of this study are primary data include secondary data.Secondary data was taken from the profile of Serpong 1 Community HealthCenter, primary data obtained by conducting in depth interviews indicated tohealth workers, cadres Posyandu, the baby 39 s mother and husband parent in thework area Serpong 1 Community Health Center. Research results show that support for health workers and parents with exclusivebreastfeeding is still lacking, particularly in the treatment of Early Initiation ofBreastfeeding and rooming. Knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding from husband parents and cadres Posyandu is still lacking, so that the necessary socializationand supervision of exclusive breastfeeding in the community, the affirmation ofsanctions related to violations of the provisions of the relevant rules grantingexclusive breastfeeding.Keywords Exclusive breastfeeding, Early Initiation of Breastfeeding, Support, Qualitative.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) merupakan salah satu langkah dalam Sepuluh Langkah Menuju Keberhasilan Menyusui dalam program Rumah Sakit Sayang Ibu dan Bayi (RSSIB). Rumah sakit X telah dikenal sebagai rumah sakit yang mendukung program IMD. Ketidakseragaman pelaksanaan IMD pascapersalinan caesar oleh dokter spesialis merupakan hal penting untuk ditangani oleh manajemen RS X sebagai RSSIB. Didapatkan data bahwa kontribusi operasi caesar dalam tidak terlaksananya IMD di RS X terus meningkat, yaitu dari 58% pada tahun 2010 meningkat menjadi 72% pada tahun 2013. Oleh karena itu, analisis perilaku dokter spesialis pada pelaksanaan IMD pascapersalinan caesar perlu dilakukan karena dokter spesialis adalah penentu keputusan pelaksanaan IMD tersebut. Tujuan penelitian kualitatif ini untuk mengetahui faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi perilaku dokter spesialis pada pelaksanaan IMD pascapersalinan caesar di RS X. Pada penelitian ini digunakan modifikasi theory of planned behaviour dan teori perilaku Gibson, Informan penelitian berjumlah 18 informan yang ditentukan menggunakan prinsip adequacy dan appropriateness. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan content analysis. Dari hasil analisis dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen disimpulkan bahwa norma subjektif dokter spesialis, kepemimpinan manajemen dan sumber daya rumah sakit adalah yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku dokter spesialis. Perlu upaya untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut mengenai Standar Prosedur Operasional IMD pascapersalinan caesar agar pelaksanaannya bisa berjalan dengan lebih baik, sehingga berdampak positif bagi kepuasan pasien dan juga kinerja dokter spesialis terkait pelaksanaan IMD ke depannya.

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ABSTRACT
Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) is one step in the Ten Steps to Succesful Breastfeeding which is form the basis of The Mother-Baby Friendly Hospitals Initiative (MBFI). Hospital X has been known as a hospital that supports the EIB program. Variability from the implementation of EIB after cesarean procedure by specialists is important to be handled by the hospital management as MBFI. The data obtained that the contribution of caesarean procedure to the non-performance of EIB in X hospital continues to increase, from 58 % in 2010 increased to 72 % in 2013. Therefore, the analysis of the behavior of specialists in the implementation of EIB after cesarean procedure needs to be done because the specialists are the decision makers. The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine the internal and external factors that influence the behavior of specialists in the implementation of EIB after caesarean procedure in X hospital. This study used a modified theory of planned behavior and the theory of behavior Gibson. Research informants were 18 informants that determined using the principles of adequacy and appropriateness. The analysis technique used is the content analysis. From the analysis with indepth interviews, observation and document review concluded that the subjective norm of specialists, leadership of hospital management and hospital resources are influencing the behavior of specialists. Hospital needs an effort to conduct further review of the Standard Operating Procedures of the implementation of EIB, so that there will be a positive impact on patient satisfaction and also on specialists performance related to the implementation of EIB.

Abstrak :
Air Susu Ibu (ASI) sudah terbukti dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan bayi sehingga 1,3 juta bayi dapat diselamatkan. Bayi yang tidak pernah mendapat ASI berisiko meninggal 21% lebih tinggi dalam periode sesudah kelahiran daripada bayi yang mendapat ASI.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya determinan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada ibu menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatiuwung Kota Tangerang Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil dari 188 sampel adalah Prevalensi pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatiuwung Kota Tangerang yaitu 28,7%. Predisposing factors yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatiuwung Kota Tangerang adalah pengetahuan dan pendidikan. Enabling factors yang berhubungan adalah IMD, rawat gabung dan keterpaparan sampel susu formula. Reinforcing factors yang berhubungan adalah dukungan suami. Koordinasi dengan semua Puskesmas yang ada di Wilayah Kota Tangerang khususnya di Puskesmas Jatiuwung untuk melaksanakan Program 10 Langkah Menuju Keberhasilan Menyusui (LMKM) dan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) serta meningkatkan Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) tentang manfaat ASI Eksklusif bagi bayi, ibu dan keluarga dari sejak dini (masa kehamilan, bersalin sampai usia bayi 6 bulan) khususnya kepada ibu yang berpendidikan rendah (< SMA) serta kepada suami agar dapat mendukung ibu dalam melakukan pemberian ASI Eksklusif. ......Breastfeeding has been proven to improve the health status of infants, regarding this, approximately 1.3 million infantss could be saved from mortality. Infants who were never breastfed has the risk of 21% higher in the period after birth than infant who were given the breastfeeding. The aim of this study is to know the determinants of breastfeeding (Exclusive breastfeeding) for mothers in Puskesmas (Public Health Centre) Jatiuwung, Tangerang 2014. This research is a quantitative research using descriptif analytic with cross sectional design and 188 samples, with the results as below; The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Puskesmas (Public Health Centre) Jatiuwung Tangerang is 28.7%. Predisposing factors which is associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Puskesmas (Public Health Centre) Jatiuwung Tangerang for knowledge and education variable. Enabling factors associated with the Early initiation of breastfeeding, joining treatment and the exposure of samples of formula milk. Reinforcing factors’ correlation is husband's support variable. Coordinate with all public health centers (Puskesmas) in Tangerang especially with Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Jatiuwung to implement the program of 10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding (LMKM) and Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) and also by increasing the Communication, Information and Education (KIE) on the benefits of giving exclusive breastfeeding for infant, mother and family, starting from pregnancy, giving birth until infant is 6 months old, especially for mothers with lower education (