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"Pendahuluan: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia masih jauh dari target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tahun 2030 yaitu 70 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebab kematian ibu diantaranya adalah tiga terlambat dan empat terlalu. Sebagian besar penyebab kematian ibu dapat dicegah dengan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas selama kehamilan dan persalinan. Hampir 98% ibu telah melakukan Antenatal Care minimal 1 kali di tenaga kesehatan professional. Namun, cakupan K4 pada 11 provinsi di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ANC pada ibu sudah memenuhi K1 namun tidak melanjutkan ANC minimal empat kali (K4).Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan complex sample analysis dengan tiga tahap yaitu univariat, bivarat dan multivariat.Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kunjungan ANC adalah predisposisi (paritas), pemungkin (akses fisik, akses ekonomi, dan paparan media informasi), dan penguat (dukungan suami), sedangkan faktor kebutuhan tidak berhubungan. Dukungan suami merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kunjungan ANC pada 11 provinsi di Indonesia.Kesimpulan: Pemerintah perlu menyediakan anggaran untuk pengembangan strategi promosi kesehatan terutama di pedesaan. Penyuluhan tentang pentingnya ANC dapat dilakukan melalui media yang mudah diakses seperti televisi. Peningkatan dukungan suami dalam kunjungan ANC dapat dilakukan dengan mengirimkan undangan lewat pesan sms atau whatsapp.

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Introduction: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still far from the target of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 70 per 100,000 live births. Things related to maternal death are three late and four too. Most causes of maternal death can be prevented by quality health services during pregnancy and childbirth. The Ministry of Health makes the ANC service standard at least 4 times, namely 1 time in the first trimester, 1 time in the second trimester, and 2 times in the third trimester. Based on the Indonesian Health Profile in 2017, the coverage of pregnant women visiting health services, especially K4, is still low in eleven provinces in Indonesia or has not reached the target of 76%. Therefore, an analysis needs to be carried out relating to the factors that influence ANC visits.

Method: this study uses a quantitative approach using a cross sectional study design. Data was analyzed using complex sample analysis through three stages, which are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.

Results: factors associated with ANC visit are predisposing (parity), enabling (physical access, economic access, and information media exposure), and reinforcing (husband's support), whereas need factor didn't associated with ANC visits. Husband support is the most important factor towards ANC visits in 11 provinces in Indonesia.

Conclusion: The government needs to provide a budget for developing health promotion strategies, especially in rural areas. Counseling about the importance of ANC can be done through the media which can be accessed easily such as television. Increasing husband's support during ANC visits can be done by sending invitations via SMS or WhatsApp messages."

"Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku ibu dalam memilih penolong persalinan. Faktor-faktor yang akan diteliti adalah tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat sosial ekonomi sebagai variabel utama dan sebagai variabel penjelas lainnya adalah umur ibu, kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan, pekerjaan, dukungan suami, asuransi, jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan, tempat tinggal dan jumlah anak. Idealnya, persalinan haruslah dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan modern. Persalinan yang aman akan menurunkan angka kematian ibu melahirkan dan angka kematian bayi. Metode penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik model logit. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 12.703 dari Demographic and Health Survey Program tahun 2012. Penelitian dibatasi pada responden yang mempunyai anak balita dan merupakan kelahiran terakhir saat survey dilakukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan dan tingkat sosial ekonomi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku ibu dalam memilih penolong persalinan. Responden dengan tingkat pendidikan minimal SLTA mempunyai kemungkinan 3 kali untuk memilih tenaga kesehatan modern dibandingkan dengan responden yang tingkat pendidikan tertingginya SLTP. Responden yang termasuk golongan kaya mempunyai kemungkinan 2,7 kali memilih tenaga kesehatan modern dibandingkan responden yang masuk golongan miskin.

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This research attempts to analyze factors that influence maternal behavior in choosing birth attendants. As question of interest, we choose education and socioeconomic level, and as additional questions are age, antenatal care, occupation, husband?s support, insurance, distance to health facilities, residence and number of child. Ideally, delivery should be helped by modern health personnel. Safe delivery would reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality.

This research used logistic regression analysis, logit model method. The number of samples included was 12.703 samples by using DHS 2012 data. The study is limited to respondents who have children under five years and the last born when the survey was conducted.

The results of this study indicate that education and socioeconomic levels have a significant impact on maternal behavior in choosing birth attendants. Respondents with education level at least senior high school have 3 times possibility to choose modern health personnel compared with respondents with the highest education were junior high school. The rich respondents have possibility at around 2.7 times to choose modern health personnel compared with poor respondents."

"The role of contraceptive use dynamics in shaping the contraceptiveprevalence structure and ht determining its impact on fertility becomesincreasingly important for family planning program, policy mailers andprogram managers. Relatively few analyses of contraceptive use dynamicsexist for developing countries. The lack of _ such studies is that the datarequired are not often collected. This article is intended to _,fill in the gaps byanalyzing the five-year calendar data derived from the I994 IndonesiaDemographic and Health Survey (1994 DHS). The five year calendar data oncontraceptive use, pregnancy, termination and reason for discontinuation ofcontraceptive use analyzed using the life table methodologies providemeaningful insight on the quality of contraceptive use in Indonesia. It is foundthat the median duration of use is longest for the IUD and implant, whileshortest lor condom/intravag. About 27 percent of all Indonesia contraceptiveusers discontinue the use of their chosen method within a year. The reasonsfor discontinuation vary across subgroups of women. Method failure isassociated more with discontinuation of traditional method, while method-related reasons such as health concern or inconvenience of use are morelikely to be associated with discontinuation of modern method mainly lUDs,injectables and implants. There are more important factors that differentiatewomen on discontinuation qt' contraception e.g., area of residence, regioneducation, age, and contraceptive intent. These findings on discontinuationenabled the family planning program to provide more realistic and focusedservices to their clients. In conclusion, this analysis emphasizes theimportance of examining the quality of contraceptive use in Indonesia toachieve greater appreciation of the factors that affect contraceptivediscontinuation, switching behavior, and use:;i:i'lure. Special attention shouldhe addressed to health concerns as an important issue for the most popularmodern methods and to the minority of women who discontinue use within ayear and do not switch to another method."

"ABSTRAKKematian maternal merupakan masalah yang kompleks dan sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di dunia, khususnya di negara berkembang. Kehamilan kembar merupakan faktor risiko yang penting untuk dikaji terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Ibu dengan kehamilan kembar diduga memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi terhadap terjadinya komplikasi obstetrik baik selama antepartum, intrapartum maupun pada saat post partum dibandingkan dengan kehamilan tunggal (singleton). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kehamilan kembar dan komplikasi persalinan pada wanita usia 15-49 tahun di Indonesia dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi cox. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel seluruh wanita yang pernah melahirkan pada kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir sebelum survei SDKI (Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia) 2012 dilaksanakan.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara statistik tidak ada hubungan antara kehamilan kembar dengan komplikasi persalinan di indonesia (PR 1.06, 95% CI 0.8-1.4), namun secara khusus kehamilan kembar berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya eklampsi (PR 1.96, 95%CI 0.6-5.3). Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk dilakukan intervensi yang tepat sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu di Indonesia khususnya pada ibu dengan kehamilan kembar yang harus di monitor secara terpadu dan komprehensif selama masa kehamilan dan persalinan melalui pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin, asupan nutrisi adekuat dan pemeriksaan urin.

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ABSTRACT

Maternal mortality is a complex issue and still a major health problem in the world, especially in development countries. Twin pregnancy is an important risk factor to be assesed and known as one of the direct causes related to obstetric complications during antepartum, intrapartum and post partum compared with singleton pregnancies. It's could affected to maternal morbidity and mortality. This study purposed to determine the relationship between twin pregnancy and delivery complications in the reproductive age woman in Indonesia by using cross-sectional study design and were analyzed by Cox regression. Sample was selected by total sampling. This study used all of women who have ever birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey (DHS 2012) conducted.

The result of study showed that statistically, there is not association between twin pregnancy and delivery complication in Indonesia (PR 1.06, 95% CI 0.8-1.4) but specifically twin pregnancy could be effected to eclampsia (PR 1.96, 95%CI 0.6-5.3). Therefore, it is very important to appropiate some intervention to effort maternity health program in Indonesia. especially women with twin pregnancies should be monitored in an integrated and comprehensive during pregnancy and delivery such as good nutrition supply, blood pressure monitoring and urine monitoring."

"Angka kematian balita digunakan untuk mengukur kelangsungan hidup pada anak dan juga merefleksikan kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan di mana anak-anak hidup. Angka kematian balita di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi yaitu 32 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, sehingga angka kematian balita di Indonesia belum mencapai target yang ditetapkan oleh Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yaitu 25 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kematian balita di Indonesia dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2017 dengan desain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Analisis dilakukan pada seluruh sampel anak terakhir dengan usia 0-59 bulan yang tinggal dengan ibu terpilih sebagai responden. Hasil analisis dengan uji logistik ganda adalah proporsi kematian balita di Indonesia sebesar 1,1% dengan variabel paling berhubungan dominan yaitu riwayat pemberian ASI (AOR: 22.84, 95% CI: 15.71-33.20) dan hubungan yang signifikan didapatkan pada status pekerjaan ibu, jenis bahan bakar masak, kelompok usia ibu, jenis kelamin balita, dan berat badan lahir. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan adanya pelayanan dan promosi kesehatan pada ibu agar dapat mempersiapkan kehamilan seperti informasi tentang pemenuhan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan saat masa kehamilan agar dapat mencegah balita lahir prematur, meningkatkan pelayanan imunisasi, dan juga peningkatan pengetahuan tentang jenis bahan bakar masak tidak aman yang mengakibatkan penyakit pada anak hingga berakhir kematian.

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The under-five mortality rate has been used to measure child survival and also reflects the social, economic, and environmental conditions where children live. The under-five mortality rate in Indonesia is still high which is 32 per 1,000 live births, means the under-five mortality rate in Indonesia has not yet been reached the target by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is 25 per 1,000 live births. This study aims to identify the determinants of under-five mortality in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017 with a cross-sectional study design and apply secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys. The analysis will be perfomed on all last child of age 0-59 months living with the mother who selected as the respondent. The results of the analysis followed by a multiple logistic regression test shows that the proportion of under-five mortality in Indonesia is 1.1% with the variable that has the biggest correlation is the history of breastfeeding (AOR: 22.84, 95% CI: 15.71-33.20) and a significant correlation also found between mother's employment status, type of cooking fuel, age of mother, sex of the child, and birth weight. Therefore, there is need a health services and promotion for mothers so they can prepare the pregnancy such as information about fulfilling the nutrition needed during pregnancy to prevent babies born prematurely, improve immunization services, and also increasing knowledge about the types of unsafe cooking fuels that cause disease in children until it ends a dead.

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"This paper is housed on contraceptive switching in indonesia. Since a woman might use more than one method of contraception during her reproductive period she can contribute more than one contraceptive use interval to the data. Some studies of contraceptive switching have used statistical techniques which assume independence between switching but this assumption can be violated because the likelihood of switching might be correlated. Hence contraceptive switching varies not only across groups of contraceptive users but also across contraceptive users with the same socioeconomic characteristics. Hence the consequences of this contraceptive users' eject for the relationship between socioeconomic. demographic and contraceptive-related characteristics of users and contraceptive switching in indonesia is analysed through the use of random-ejects logistic models. The data used for the analysis is from the 1991 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The findings confirm the results of previous studies that a number of socioeconomic and demographic factors influence the likelihood of switching contraception. Among these factors. contraceptive-related /actors such as the method being used before switching, the duration of use at switching and the reason for switching, affect contraceptive switching most. The results also indicate that there is correlation between intervals for the same woman. This implies that there are other factors which have not been observed and contribute to the differentials of switching contraception across women with the saute socioeconomic characteristics."