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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sindrom terowongan karpal (STK) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi beban bagi banyak negara di seluruh dunia, dengan berbagai macam pilihan terapi dari medikamentosa hingga pembedahan yang memiliki efek samping yang menurunkan kualitas hidup. Akupunktur telah terbukti dapat menangani nyeri dan memperbaiki saraf, dan salah satu modalitas akupunktur terbaru adalah laser acupuncture. Studi serial kasus ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas laser acupuncture dengan jumlah sampel 6 pergelangan tangan, dengan luaran yang dinilai adalah kuesioner Boston (BCTQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), tes Tinned, Tes Phalen, dan pemeriksaan kecepatan hantar saraf (KHS). Titik yang digunakan adalah PC6, PC7, EXUE9, dan LI4. Hasil studi menunjukkan 3 pergelangan tangan mengalami penurunan derajat KHS, seluruh pergelangan tangan mengalami perbaikan skor BCTQ, nilai VAS mengalami penurunan, tetapi tidak terlihat perbaikan tes Tinel dan Phalen yang bermakna. Disimpulkan bahwa laser acupuncture dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan terapi dalam tatalaksana sindrom terowongan karpal.

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ABSTRACT
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is disease that gives burdens for many countries, with a number of choices for the management such as drugs or surgery, each has side effects that decrease the quality of life. Acupuncture is proven to be an effective treatment for pain and can restore nerve functions, and laser acupuncture is one of the modalities. This study aims to asses the effectiveness of laser acupuncture with 6 wrists and the outcomes are Boston questionnaire (BCTQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), Tinel sign, Phalen sign, and nerve conduction study (NCS). Acupuncture points used here are PC6, PC7, EXUE9, and LI4. The results show a decrease in NCS grades for 3 wrists, all wrists have BCTQ score improvements, VAS also decreases, but no significant improvement in Tinel and Phalen signs. The conclusion is that laser acupuncture can be used as a treatment for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Abstrak :
Thalassemia merupakan salah satu kelainan genetik paling umum di seluruh dunia. Tanpa managemen yang adekuat, komplikasi akan terjadi pada berbagai organ, termasuk sistem saraf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan proporsi abnormalitas Brain Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP), elektroensefalografi (EEG), dan elektroneurografi (ENG) pada anak thalassemia mayor dan hubungannya dengan faktor risiko terkait. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta dan Rumah Sakit M Djamil (RSMDJ) Padang. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak thalassemia mayor berusia 12-18 tahun yang kontrol teratur minimal dalam 1 tahun terakhir. Pasien dengan epilepsi, palsi serebral, gangguan pendengaran, dan gangguan neurodevelopmental dikeluarkan dari penelitian. Pemeriksaan BAEP, EEG, dan ENG dilakukan pada semua subyek dan diinterpretasikan oleh konsultan neuropediatri. Dilakukan pencatatan usia onset, durasi transfusi, rerata hemoglobin (Hb) pra-transfusi, kadar feritin serum, saturasi feritin, dan kepatuhan konsumsi obat kelasi besi. Hubungan antar variabel dinilai menggunakan analisis bivariat dengan nilai p < 0,05 dikatakan bermakna. Hasil: Sebanyak 64 anak dengan rerata usia 15,1 tahun memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri atas 29 anak laki-laki dan 35 anak perempuan. Rerata Hb pra transfusi, kadar feritin serum, dan saturasi transferin berturut-turut adalah 8,36 g/dL, 4495,3 ng/mL, dan 87,3%. Abnormalitas EEG ditemukan pada 28 (43,8%) subyek dan berhubungan bermakna dengan rerata Hb pra-transfusi < 9 g/dL (p=0,011, rasio prevalensi 3,014, interval kepercayaan 1,04-8,71). Abnormalitas BAEP ditemukan pada 4 (4,6%) subyek dan berhubungan bermakna dengan kadar feritin serum yang lebih tinggi (p=0,007). Hasil ENG abnormal hanya ditemukan pada 1 orang subyek. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor risisko lainnya dengan masing-masing pemeriksaan neurofisiologi. Kesimpulan: Abnormalitas EEG ditemukan pada 43,8% anak thalassemia mayor dan berhubungan dengan rerata Hb pra-transfusi <9 g/dL, sedangkan abnormalitas BAEP ditemukan pada 4% subyek dan berhubungan dengan kadar feritin serum yang lebih tinggi. ......Thalassemia is among the most common genetic disorders worldwide. Without adequate management, complications occur in various organs as well as neurology system. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of abnormal electroencephalography, brain auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and nerve conduction study (NCS) in children with thalassemia major and its association with related risk factors. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and M Djamil Hospital in January to March 2019 All children with thalassemia major aged 12 to 18 years were eligible for the study. Children with epilepsy, palsy cerebral, hearing disorder, or neurodevelopmental problems were excluded. Electroencephalography, BAEP, and NCS were performed in all subjects. Age of onset, transfusion duration, mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and compliance to chelating agents therapy were recorded. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationsip between variables with p < 0,05 was considered significant. Results: As many as 64 children with mean age 15,1 years fulfilled the study criteria during the study period, consisting of 29 boys and 35 girls. Mean pre-transfusion hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation was 8,36 g/dL, 4495,3 ng/mL, and 87,3% respectively. Abnormal EEG was found in 28 (43,8%) subjects and significantly associated with mean Hb below 9 g/dL (p = 0,011; prevalence ratio 3,014; confidence interval 1,04 - 8,71). Abnormal BAEP was found in 4 (4,6%) subjects and significantly associated with higher serum ferritin (p=0,007). Only 1 subject showed abnormal NCS. No association was found between other risk factors with each neurophysiology study. Conclusion: Abnormal EEG was found in 43,8% thalassemia major children and significantly associated with lower pre-transfusion hemoglobin level. Abnormal BAEP was found in 4% subjects and significantly associated with higher serum ferritin.

Abstrak :
Telah berhasil dibangun pengendali temperatur probe dingin pada sistem karakterisasi material termoelektrik menggunakan kendali PID dengan metode tuning IMC dan telah diuji pada tiga temperatur, yaitu 10°C, 15°C, dan 20°C. Pada temperatur 10°C berhasil stabil dengan gangguan laju konduksi 8,8 W, temperatur 15°C berhasil stabil dengan gangguan laju konduksi 18 W, dan temperatur 20°C berhasil stabil dengan gangguan laju konduksi 19 W. Pengujian tersebut membutuhkan temperatur dingin konstan dan temperatur panas sebagai pemberi gangguan. Untuk membuat temperatur dingin digunakan sel peltier dengan daya 30 W, sementara untuk membuat gangguan panas digunakan empat elemen pemanas konfigurasi paralel dengan daya total 95 W. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam vakum dengan tekanan 2162 uHg. Menggunakan mikrokontroler untuk memproses pengendalian temperatur probe dingin dan untuk mengirim output pengendalian menuju sel peltier juga membaca temperatur pada probe dingin. Output pengendalian berupa sinyal PWM yang dapat divariasikan duty cycle-nya. ......A cold probe temperature controller on thermoelectric material characterization system has been successfully built using PID control with the IMC tuning method and has been tested at three temperatures: 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C. At a temperature of 10°C successfully stabilized with a conduction rate disturbance of 8,8 W, at a temperature of 15°C successfully stabilized with a conduction rate disturbance of 18 W, and at a temperature of 20°C successfully stabilized with a conduction rate disturbance of 19 W. The test requires a constant cold temperature and hot temperature as a disturbance. To create cold temperatures, a peltier cell with a power of 30 W is used, while to create a heat disturbance, four heating elements are used in parallel configuration with a total power of 95 W. In addition, this research was carried out in a vacuum with a pressure of 2162 uHg. Using a microcontroller to process the temperature control of the cold probe and to send the control output to the peltier cell also reads the temperature on the cold probe. The control output is in the form of a PWM signal whose duty cycle can be varied.

Abstrak :
This is a compact, single-source guide to regional anesthesia. Chapters are authored by regional anesthesia fellowship directors and fellows to insure maximum practicality and up-to-date coverage. Essentials of regional anesthesia covers all anatomical regions as well as the unique considerations in patients with chronic pain, obstetric patients, pediatric patients, and patients treated in the outpatient setting. A common chapter format makes it easy to find information quickly, and extensive illustrations enhance the text. Stay current with Essentials of regional anesthesia, and stay ahead with these helpful features, ultrasound incorporated into each block, extremely practical focus, more than 400 Q & As to test knowledge, authored by regional anesthesia fellowship directors and fellows , clinical pearls and guidance on complications, concise, clinically oriented review of relevant basic science, common chapter format for ease of use, and well illustrated with 350 figures, nearly 200 in color.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the small-signal modeling of a Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter power stage operating in discontinuous conduction mode using the sampled-data modeling technique. In addition, two algebraic manipulating features are revealed; the simpler periodic solution determination by the concept of Volt-Second and Capacitor-Charge balance, and the replacement of the expression involving the singular matrix by the equivalent function with the s-domain matrix. Four pulse transfer functions are derived from the model: the smallsignal input-to-output voltage pulse transfer function, the small-signal duty duration-to-output voltage pulse transfer function, the input-to-output voltage pulse transfer function, and the duty duration-to-output voltage pulse transfer function. The model verification is analyzed by the simulation results. The response sequences from the pulse transfer functions oscillate by the same phase and frequency to the one from the simulation with slightly peak amplitude differences, confirming the validity of the acquired pulse transfer functions.

Abstrak :
A three-dimensional Eulerian Multi-Fluid Model (MFM) of biomass gasification in full-loop Circulating Fluidized Beds (CFBs) has been developed. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy are solved by well-known Navier-Stokes formulation types. The Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF), common chemical reactions in biomass gasification, and standard k-ε turbulence model are considered. These equations are used to describe the spatial velocity, temperature, and concentration for each phase and species. The inter-solid phase heat-transfer mechanisms, which consist of direct solid-solid conduction and solid-solid conduction through fluid medium, are also considered. The results are compared to existing experimental data. It is demonstrated that the model which considers all inter-solid phase heattransfer mechanisms provides better predictions in terms of synthetic gas (syngas) compositions than the model considering direct solid-solid conduction through contact area only and the model without solid-solid heat-transfer mechanisms. From this, hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer inside this complex system are analyzed. The results can be useful for better design and optimization of biomass gasification in CFBs.