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"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: dahak BTA mikroskopik adalah teknik diagnostik cepat yang palingbanyak digunakan untuk mendiagnosis TB paru. Di RSUP Persahabatan, pemeriksaandahak BTA mikroskopik membutuhkan tiga pemeriksaan sampel dahak lebih dari duahari, (sewaktu pertama, pagi, sewaktu kedua). Pengambilan dua sampel dahak akanmengurangi waktu, uang dan beban kerja laboratorium mikrobiologiTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitaspemeriksaan dahak BTA mikroskopik dari tiga bahan pemeriksaan dahak dan duabahan pemeriksaan dahak.Metode: Kami secara acak mengumpulkan data demografi dan hasil laboratorium (hasildahak BTA dan hasil biakan M.tuberculosis) dari pasien terduga TB kasus baru di RSUPPersahabatan dari data bulan Januari 2012 hingga Desember 2013. Subjek harus berusiaminimal 15 tahun dan bukan pasien TB MDR dan bukan pasien HIVHasil: Dari 360 pasien terduga TB paru, sebanyak 210/360 (58,3%) memiliki hasilbiakan M. tuberculosis positif. Sensitivitas 100% dan spesifisitas 69.2% pada hasilpemeriksaan BTA mikroskopik tiga kali (S1, P, S2) dan hasil pemeriksaan BTAmikroskopik dua kali sensitivitasnya 89.8% dan spesifisitas 94.1%. Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan dahak BTA mikroskopik 2 kali pemeriksaan memberikan spesifisitas yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan hasil pemeriksaan3 kali dahak BTA mikroskopik dan memiliki sensitivitas yang masih cukup tinggi.ABSTRACT Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the rapid diagnostic technique that mostwidely used for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. In Persahabatan hospital, sputumsmear microscopy requires three sputum sample examinations over two days, (spot1,morning, spot2). Collection of two sputum samples would reduce time, money andwork load of microbiology laboratory.Objectives: This study aimed to get sensitivity and specificity of sputum smearmicroscopy from three sputum samples collection and two sputum samples collection.Methods: We randomly collected demography and laboratory data (sputum smear andM.tuberculosis culture result) of presumptive TB new cases in Persahabatan hospitalfrom January 2012 to Desember 2013. Subjects must be 15 years old minimum, nonmultidrug-resistant TB presumptive and have non reactive HIV status.Results: Of 360 presumptive TB patients, 58.3% have M.tuberculosis positive cultureresults. Senstivity and specificity of sputum smear microscopy from three sputumsamples collection (S1, M, S2) are 100% and 69.2%. Smear microscopy of two samplescollection Sensitivity and specificity sputum smear microscopy 89.8% and 94.1%. Conclusion: Sputum smear microscopy test result from 2 sputum collections gives increase specificity compared to smear microscopy of 3 samples and have highly sensitivity.;Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the rapid diagnostic technique that mostwidely used for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. In Persahabatan hospital, sputumsmear microscopy requires three sputum sample examinations over two days, (spot1,morning, spot2). Collection of two sputum samples would reduce time, money andwork load of microbiology laboratory.Objectives: This study aimed to get sensitivity and specificity of sputum smearmicroscopy from three sputum samples collection and two sputum samples collection.Methods: We randomly collected demography and laboratory data (sputum smear andM.tuberculosis culture result) of presumptive TB new cases in Persahabatan hospitalfrom January 2012 to Desember 2013. Subjects must be 15 years old minimum, nonmultidrug-resistant TB presumptive and have non reactive HIV status.Results: Of 360 presumptive TB patients, 58.3% have M.tuberculosis positive cultureresults. Senstivity and specificity of sputum smear microscopy from three sputumsamples collection (S1, M, S2) are 100% and 69.2%. Smear microscopy of two samplescollection Sensitivity and specificity sputum smear microscopy 89.8% and 94.1%. Conclusion: Sputum smear microscopy test result from 2 sputum collections gives increase specificity compared to smear microscopy of 3 samples and have highly sensitivity.;Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the rapid diagnostic technique that mostwidely used for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis. In Persahabatan hospital, sputumsmear microscopy requires three sputum sample examinations over two days, (spot1,morning, spot2). Collection of two sputum samples would reduce time, money andwork load of microbiology laboratory.Objectives: This study aimed to get sensitivity and specificity of sputum smearmicroscopy from three sputum samples collection and two sputum samples collection.Methods: We randomly collected demography and laboratory data (sputum smear andM.tuberculosis culture result) of presumptive TB new cases in Persahabatan hospitalfrom January 2012 to Desember 2013. Subjects must be 15 years old minimum, nonmultidrug-resistant TB presumptive and have non reactive HIV status.Results: Of 360 presumptive TB patients, 58.3% have M.tuberculosis positive cultureresults. Senstivity and specificity of sputum smear microscopy from three sputumsamples collection (S1, M, S2) are 100% and 69.2%. Smear microscopy of two samplescollection Sensitivity and specificity sputum smear microscopy 89.8% and 94.1%. Conclusion: Sputum smear microscopy test result from 2 sputum collections gives increase specificity compared to smear microscopy of 3 samples and have highly sensitivity."

"Pendahuluan Penyaktit Tuberculosis (TBC) merupakan penyakit menular yang membutuhkan waktu pengobatan sampai 6 bulan. Dukungan PMO keluarga berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, tindakan pencegahan dan kepatuhan pasien. Salah satu metode yang telah terbukti memberikan efek positif adalah Intervensi edukasi kesehatan terstruktur. Tujuan Mengidentifikasi pengaruh intervensi edukasi kesehatan terstruktur terhadap dukungan PMO keluarga dan kepatuhan minum Obat anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Metode Penelitian quasy eksperimen dengan pretest and posttest with control goup. Sampel 38 responden pada kelompok intervensi dan 38 pada kelompok kontrol. Analisa data menggunakan uji independent t-tes.dan Mann Whitney Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terstruktur terhadap dukungan PMO keluarga setelah diberikan intervensi dengan nilai p=0.001 .Terdapat pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terstruktur terhadap kepatuhan minum OAT setelah diberikan intervensi dengan nilai p=0.003. Kesimpulan : edukasi kesehatan terstruktur bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada PMO keluarga akan meningkatkan pendidikan kesehatan, pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi tindakan yang sehat dalam dukungan keluarga dan meningkatkan kepatuhan minum OAT pada pasien TBC.

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Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that requires treatment for up to 6 months. Family PMO support plays an important role in increasing knowledge, preventive measures and patient compliance. One method that has been proven to have a positive effect is a structured health education intervention. Objectives To identify the effect of structured health education interventions on family PMO support and adherence to taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) in Muaro Jambi District. Quasy experimental research method with pretest and posttest with group control. A sample of 38 respondents in the intervention group and 38 in the control group. Data analysis using independent t-test. The results showed that there was an effect of structured health education on family PMO support after being given an intervention with a value of p=0.001. There was an effect of structured health education on adherence to taking OAT after being given an intervention with a value of p=0.003. Conclusion: structured health education aims to provide information to PMO families will improve health education, will ultimately affect healthy actions in family support and increase adherence to taking OAT in TB patients."

"Program penanggulangan TB Paru dengan strategi Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) di Kota Palembang secara nasional telah memberikan hasil yang baik, dimana angka konversi pada fase awal pengobatan sebesar 87%. Hal ini berarti lebih besar dari target nasional untuk angka konversi pada fase awal sebesar 80%, tetapi angka kesembuhan masih rendah (72%) dari target 85%, dengan penderita lalai berobat (defaulted) masih tinggi (12,03%). Keluhan efek samping OAT merupakan salah satu penyebab ketidakpatuhan berobat.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan keluhan efek samping OAT dengan ketidakpatuhan berobat penderita TB Paru di Kota Palembang Propinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 1999-2000.Pada penelitian ini, sebagai variabel dependen adalah ketidakpatuhan berobat penderita Tuberkulosis Paru dan variabel independen utama keluhan efek samping OAT dan variabel independen lainnya umur responden, pekerjaan responden, pendidikan responden, jenis kelamin responden, jenis PMO, peran PMO, pendidikan PMO, dan mutu pelayanan kesehatan.Disain penelitian adalah kasus-kontrol tidak berpadanan (unmatched). Sampel adalah sebagian penderita TB Paru BTA positif berumur ≥ 15 tahun yang berobat di 36 puskesmas sejak 1 Oktober 1999 sampai 30 November 2000 dan mendapatkan pengobatan dengan strategi DOTS kategori-1 atau katagori-2. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 305 orang terdiri dari 144 kasus dan 161 kontrol.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada hubungan keluhan efek samping OAT dengan ketidakpatuhan berobat penderita TB Paru di Kota Palembang dimana penderita TB Paru ada keluhan efek samping OAT, 3,00 kali lebih berisiko untuk tidak patuh berobat dibandingkan dengan tidak ada keluhan efek samping OAT (OR : 3,00 dan 95% CI : 1,58-4,87).Penelitian ini menyarankan untuk meminimalkan efek samping OAT yang terjadi perlu dilakukan pemantauan yang ketat dengan pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratoris, konseling atau komunikasi yang baik dengan penderita TB Paru, menyediakan obat-obatan efek samping OAT, penelitian mengenai efek samping OAT dengan disain kohor dan instrumen yang lebih akurat serta penelitian tentang dosis obat TB Paru dihubungkan dengan berat badan penderita, apakah spesifik untuk daerah Sumatera Selatan.

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The Relation of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Side Effect Complain With Lung Tb Patient Taking Drug Disobedience in Palembang South Sumatera Province 1999 - 2000Lung TB Control Program by the strategy of Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) in Palembang nationally has given a good result, where the conversion rate at intensive phase is 87%. It means higher than national target of conversion rate which is 80%, but the cure rate still lower (72%) from the target 85%, with the defaulted patient still high (12.03%). The complaint of anti-TB drug side effect is one of the causes of the taking drug disobedience.This research's objective is to find out the relation of anti-TB drug side effect to the taking drug disobedience of lung TB patient in Palembang, South Sumatera Province in 1999 - 2000.In this research's, dependent variable is lung TB patient taking drug disobedience and independent variable is the complaint of anti-TB drug side effect, the other independent is age, occupation, education, sex of lung TB patient, type of treatment observer, role of treatment observer, education of treatment observer, and quality of health care.The research's design is unmatched case-control. The sample is a part of BTA positive of lung TB patients by the age of ≥ 15 years old which have taken a treatment in 36 Health Centers since October, 1, 1999 until November, 30, 2000, and get short course treatment by strategy of DOTS category-1 and category-2. Total sample are 305, with 144 cases and 161 controls.This research's concluded that has relation the complaint of anti-TB drug side effect with lung TB patients taking drug disobedience in Palembang, where lung TB patients who got complaint of anti-TB drug side effect is 3.00 times have risk to disobey medication than those which not have (OR : 3.00 and 95% CI : 1.58-4,87).This research's recommend to minimize the clinical side effect of anti-TB drug by strict observation with clinical examination and laboratory, counseling or establishing a good communication to lung TB patients when they take medication and control, each Health Centre should prepare medicine to counter anti-TB drug side effect, do the research of anti-TB drug side effect by design cohort and good instrument, and study of relation between body weight to anti-TB drug's dose."

"ABSTRAKTuberkulosis paru adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang membutuhkan pengobatan yang panjang. Ketidakpatuhan pengobatan dapat menyebabkan TB resisten obat. Ketidaktahuan masyarakat dan persepsi yang salah tentang penyakit dan pengobatannya dapat menimbulkan stigma. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stigma pasien TB paru terhadap kepatuhan minum OAT. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kuantitatif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan non convenience sampling dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden. Variabel independen menggunakan instrumen kuesioner 8-Stigma Scale dengan 8 pertanyaan seputar stigma, variabel dependen menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan yang sudah digunakan sebelumnya. Kedua kuesioner tersebut sudah di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya dan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Uji analisis data menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stigma pasien TB paru terhadap kepatuhan minum OAT P value = 0,025 ; OR 0,332 . Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan rekomendasi untuk memberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang stigma TB dan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan dan efikasi diri pasien TB.

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ABSTRACTTuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease that requires a long treatment. Noncompliance with medication may result TB drugs resistant. TB patients are commonly stigmatized due to inadequate knowledge concerning TB disease. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between stigma of pulmonary TB patients and patient rsquo s drugs compliance. This study used quantitative correlational study with cross sectional approach. A convenience sample of 100 patients was involved in this study. The independent variable used the 8 Stigma Scale questionnaire instrument with 8 questions about stigma, dependent variable used compliance questionnaire that has been tested. Both questionniare has been tested the validity and reliability and declared valid and reliable. The data were analyzed using chi square. The result of the study showed significant correlation between stigma of pulmonary TB patients and TB drugs medication compliance P value 0,025 OR 0,332 . This study was expected to be a recomendation to provide health education about TB stigma and then improve compliance and self efficacy of pulmonary TB patient."