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"Obesitas tidak hanya mengalami peningkatan di perkotaan. Peningkatan obesitas juga terjadi di pedesaan di Indonesia. Sejak tahun 2004 sampai 2007 prevalensi obesitas meningkat signifikan dari 2.1% sampai 7.8%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas di pedesaan. Penelitian yang menggunakan desain studi cross sectional ini menggunakan data Riskesdas 2010. Populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia berumur ≥19 tahun pada tahun 2010. Sedangkan sampel adalah sebagian penduduk Indonesia yang berumur ≥19 tahun yang tinggal di pedesaan pada tahun 2010 dengan kriteria eksklusi penduduk perempuan dewasa yang sedang mengandung. Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik ganda untuk mendapatkan model prediksi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas. Hasil penelitian diperoleh prevalensi obesitas di pedesaan sebesar 9.1%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan adalah kelompok umur 31-65 tahun (OR: 1.940; 95% CI: 1.801-2.089), jenis kelamin perempuan (OR: 2.132; 95% CI: 1.952-2.329), pendidikan tamat SLTA/D1/D2/D3/PT (OR: 1.429; 95% CI: 1.300-1.571), pekerjaan TNI/POLRI/PNS (OR: 1.853; 95% CI: 1.617-2.124), penduduk yang kawin (OR: 2.356; 95% CI: 2.061-2.692), konsumsi protein (OR: 1.132; 95% CI: 1.066-1.202), status ekonomi kuintil 5 (OR: 2.607; 95% CI: 2.354-2.887), dan tidak merokok (OR: 1.573; 95% CI: 1.429-1.732). Pengendalian kejadian obesitas dapat dilakukan dengan upaya pencegahan baik primer maupun sekunder berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan untuk menekan peningkatan obesitas.

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Obesity not only has increased in urban areas, but also occurs in rural Indonesia. From 2004 to 2007, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly from 2.1% to 7.8%. The study aims is to look at the prevalence and factors associated with obesity in rural areas. This research use cross sectional design study and use Riskesdas 2010 data. Population is the entire Indonesian population aged ≥19 years old in 2010. While the sample is a part Indonesian population aged ≥19 years old who live in rural areas in 2010, with adult female population who are pregnant as the exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions to obtain predictive models in the factors associated with obesity. The result is obesity prevalence obtained 9.1% in rural obesity. Factors related is the 31-65 age group (OR: 1.940; 95% CI: 1.801-2.089), female sex (OR: 2.132; 95% CI: 1.952-2.329), education SLTA/D1/D2/D3/PT (OR: 1.429; 95% CI: 1.300- 1.571), works TNI /police/civil (OR: 1.853; 95% CI: 1.617-2.124), married people (OR: 2.356; 95% CI: 2.061-2.692), protein intake (OR: 1.132; 95% CI: 1.066- 1.202), economic status in quintile 5 (OR: 2.607; 95% CI: 2.354-2.887), and no smoking status (OR: 1.573; 95% CI: 1.429-1.732). Controlling the incidence of obesity can be made by prevention efforts both primary and secondary based on factors related to pressure increase in obesity."

"This cross sectional study in the Philippines, is a part of CRONOS study. Data on dietary intake, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and socio - economic and self perceived health status were collected from 300 elderly Filipino men and women between 60-75 years old in middle income and low income areas in Metro Manila and rural areas in Rizal province during the period of October to November 1996.Results of dietary intake showed both sexes had very low intakes of energy nutrients. Rural elderly for both sexes had low intakes of energy and nutrients compared with urban middle income and urban low income.Anthropometric finding showed that rural elderly had lower nutritional status as compared to urban elderly. Chronic energy deficiency was higher in male than female elderly. A high prevalence of anemia (38%) among male elderly was also found to exist. A high prevalence of hypertension was also observed in the urban low income elderly (33%).Majority of the elderly rated their self rated health as good and fair. The reported self perceived diseases common among the elderly were arthritis, cough, and hypertension.Previous jobs engaged by the elderly were mostly blue collar jobs and owing to loss of income, most elderly are dependent on their families for support."

"Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah menjelaskan bahwa dinamika masyarakat pada tingkat desa dapat terwadahi dalam tiga institusi utama yaitu Pemerintah Desa, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dan Lembaga Kemasyarakatan. Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) merupakan salah satu lembaga kemasyarakatan sebagai mitra kerja pemerintah desa untuk mengelola, merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembangunan dengan menggali swadaya gotong royong masyarakat. Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat merupakan pengganti dari Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa yang dianggap sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan semangat otonomi daerah. Pembangunan desa merupakan upaya pembangunan yang dilaksanakan di desa dengan ciri utama adanya partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan kegiatannya meliputi seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat baik fisik material maupun mental spiritual. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian tentang peranan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede Kabupaten Bogor.Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji dan mengungkap peranan LPM serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede Kabupaten Bogor. Selain itu juga mengetahui bagaimana hubungan peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pembangunan desa, serta kontribusi pembangunan desa dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey. Dilaksanakan penelitian deskriptif maupun asosiatif agar dperoleh kejelasan terhadap variabel yang diteliti. Data dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan wawancara, observasi, kuesioner dan pemanfaatan data sekunder yang selanjutnya diolah serta dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan tingkat sedang sebesar 0,56 antara peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat secara bersama-sama terhadap pembangunan desa. Peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat saling mendukung dan memperkuat dalam meningkatkan pembangunan desa. Pengaruh peranan LPM dan Partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pembangunan desa dinyatakan ke dalam persamaan regresi Y = 46,67 + 0,1 X1 + 0,28 X2 untuk keperluan prediksi. Sesuai nilai koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,32 mencerminkan bahwa 32 % variasi variabel pembangunan desa dipengaruhi oleh adanya variasi variabel peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat secara simultan.Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa peranan LPM belum optimal dan merata diwujudkan di seluruh desa. Hal ini karena terbatasnya kemampuan pengurus LPM, kurangnya sosialisasi tugas dan fungsi LPM kepada masyarakat, kurangnya pembinaan dari Pemda serta tidak ada dukungan dana operasional. Partisipasi masyarakat lebih besar kontribusinya dari peranan LPM dalam pembangunan desa. Adanya partisipasi masyarakat tidak selalu dimotori oleh pengurus LPM, bisa oleh tokoh masyarakat lainnya sehingga menjadi tantangan bagi pengurus LPM untuk menarik dan memperoleh dukungan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya. Kontribusi pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede dalarn rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah di Kabupaten Bogor antara lain adanya pemahaman dan pengamalan ideologi Pancasila cukup baik oleh masyarakat, Pemilu berlangsung lancar dan pilihan kepada desa berlangsung secara demokratis, kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat cukup dinamis walaupun jumlah pengangguran, keluarga pra sejahtera cukup banyak, perubahan struktur sosial maupun gaya hidup sangat drastis akibat pengaruh kota sehingga perlu diwaspadai perkembangannya, saat ini kondisi keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat terkendali.

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Act Number 32, 2004 on Local Government Stated that the community activities on the rural level conducted through three principal institutions, which are, the rural government, rural house of deliberation, and the society institution. Society Empowerment Institution (SEI) is one of the society institutions which functioned as working partner of the rural government for managing, planning and executing the development projects through the elaboration of the community's local resources. SEI is the replacement as well as continuation of the now abolished rural society resilience institution which considered being no longer relevant with the local autonomy spirit. Rural development is the effort of development which carried out in rural areas, with main characteristics of the presence of active participation from the local community and its activities are encompassing all aspects of the local community's daily life, both material and spiritual. It is in the light of the principal that this research was conducted to study the role of SEI in the rural development, in Bojonggede, regency of Bogor.The goal of this research is to study and reveal the role of SEI, as well as the local community participation toward the rural development, and the contribution of the rural development in enhancing the regional resilience. This research was conducted by utilizing survey method. Both descriptive and associative research was used, to achieve a degree of accuracy and clarity of the variables being studied. The data were collected through interviews, observations, questioners, and the proper utilization of secondary data which were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis.The outcome of the research indicated the existence of medium level relation 0.56 between the SET role and the community participation, which simultaneously affected the rural development. Both of the SEI role and the rural community participation are mutually supporting as well as mutually strengthening in enhancing the rural development. The influence of SEI role and community participation toward rural development are stated in the following regression equation = 46,67 + 4,lXfi + 0,28X2 for the means of prediction. According to the determination of coefficient value (?) = 0.32 indicated that the 32% variation of rural development variables was influenced by the presence of variation of simultaneous SEI role and community participation variables.The research concluded that the SEI role has not reached its utmost optimality, and the presence throughout the rural area is still considered to be uneven. The primary causes of such condition mainly are the limited capability of the SEI personnel, the lack of socialization on the task and function of the SEI among rural community, and the lack of assistance as well as operational budget from the regional government. Currently, the contribution of community participation is still larger in comparison to the SEI role, since that traditional participation frequently do not initiated by the SEI personnel, which become a considerable challenge for the SEI to be able to attract and to win popular support in executing its task and function of developing rural area. The primary contributions of the rural development in Bogor regency are correct understanding and application of Pancasila within Bogor society, the success of the 2004 general election, as well as the local rural government executive official election, which also achieved a considerable success. The contribution also reflected in economic domain, visible from the dynamic economic activity of the society, in spite of the still quite high number in jobless persons, poor families, and the changes in both social structure as well as the way of life which drastically altered due to the urban influence which are needed' special attention. However, above all else, the condition of the local resilience, security and public order, is still in favorable term."

""Michael Woods has taken on the formidable task of giving an overview of rural places and society in advanced economies as a single author and has presented a book that rightly deserves to be called state-of-the-art."- Geographische Rundschau "For those students with an interest in rural change, this 'state of the art' book is essential reading." - Brian Ilbery, University of Coventry"With Rural Geography Michael Woods remedies the often underestimated dynamism of rural places and rural society by providing the much-needed synthesis of the European and North American literature on rural restructuring and globalization processes." - Patrick H. Mooney, University of KentuckyRural Geography is an introduction to contemporary rural societies and economies in the developed world. It examines the social and economic processes at work in the contemporary countryside - including the more traditional: like agriculture; land use; and population; as well as wider themes like: rural health, crime, exclusion, commodification, and alternative lifestyles. With a contextualising section defining the rural, the text is organized systematically in three principal sections: Processes of Rural Restructuring, Responses to Rural Restructuring, and Experiences of Rural Restructuring.Using the most recent empirical material, statistical data, and research, the text is global in perspective using comparative examples throughout. Rural Geography is a systematic introduction to the processes, responses, and experiences of rural restructuring."

"Kabupaten DT II Lebak merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang perkembangannya paling lamban dibandingkan dengan daerah lain di Propinsi DT I Jawa Barat, dengan jumlah desa miskin terbanyak. Untuk itu, dengan melihat potensi dan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah tersebut maka Kabupaten DT II Lebak menjadi daerah yang layak mendapat pembinaan di sektor pertanian untuk pengembangan ekonomi daerah dalam Program Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Daerah (PPEMD).Sejauh ini, permasalahan regional di Kabupaten DT II Lebak difokuskan kepada berfungsi tidaknya strategi komunikasi dari sistem kelembagaan yang terkait dengan perannya dalam proses difusi inovasi pertanian. Pembahasan permasalahan dibatasi pada strategi komunikasi yang akan direkomendasikan dalam manajemen komunikasi kelembagaan tersebut.Untuk suatu studi difusi inovasi, terkadang pada kenyataannya, suatu masalah kebutuhan diagendakan dalam masalah sosial melalui proses politik Dengan demikian, tujuan studi kasus ini adalah melakukan investigasi dan mempelajari proses difusi inovasi selama proses tersebut berlangsung. Kemudian akan disusun suatu strategi komunikasi yang dapat diaplikasikan sejalan dengan difusi inovasi yang dibawa oleh PPEMD.Penulis mencoba menjawab permasalahan dengan menggunakan pendekatan berdasarkan metode pattern-matching yaitu menelusuri akar keluaran yang dalam hal itu output dan outcome. Pendekatan dengan metode ini menggambarkan profit dan peranan setiap konsep, dan dari sinilah akan dapat ditetapkan rancangan strategi yang tepat yang difokuskan pada keberhasilan program.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan output dan outcome yang dituju tidak dicapai sesuai target. Kondisi ini dikoreksi mulai dari perumusan tujuan, input, proses, dan perumusan output dan outcome. Perancangan program komuikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kombinasi pendekatan immediate action dan analytical approach agar masalah dapat diatasi dengan cepat pada kondisi keterbatasan sumber daya.Rancangan strategi komunikasi untuk program inovasi pertanian dalam penelitian ini berupa suatu kerangka strategi yang dimulai berturut-turut dari input, proses, output dan outcome. Input ditelusuri dari needs assesment masyarakat yang sesungguhnya. Proses dirancang mengacu kepada P -Process. Output dirumuskan sesuai dengan kondisi dan sistem sosial masyarakat sehingga outcome yang diharapkan oleh pemerintah daerah dapat tercapai. Rancangan itulah yang disusun sebagai rekomendasi strategi komunikasi dalam penelitian.

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Communication Strategy For Program Diffusion of Inovation (Case Study : Local Poultry Development Program in LEBAK Regency).Lebak Regency is one of the regencies which has the lowest development level compared to other regencies in West Java, the regency which has a number less developed rural areas. Referring to the potential natural sources and the economic development level, Lebak is listed as one of the regency which accepts agricultural cultivated as a target regency of The Local Economic Development Program (PPEMD).As far as the regional problem in Lebak Regency which is only focused to the function of communication strategy in the institusional innovation process. This study would be limited to the communication strategy recommended in that institutional communication strategy.In the study of diffusion of innovation, sometimes, the problem/the needs would be listed in the social problem agenda toward the political processes. Therefore, the objective of this case study is to conduct the investigation of Obi's/on innovation process. The study would be conducted starting from the process to the target stated, it is followed by the applicable communication strategy in accordance to the diffusion innovation conducted by The PPFJvID.The writer tries to answer the problem using the approach, called pattern-matching method. The pattern-matching method is an investigation of the output root, that are output and outcome. The approach with this method figures out the profile as well as the role of variable dimension. From the profile would be stated the appropriate strategy design which focusing to the effective program.The research shows that the target output and outcome are not obtained as the target stated This condition would be corrected from the objective of the research, input, process, the output and outcome formulation as well. The communication design program is conducted with combining immediate action approach and analytical approach in order to solve the problem properly and in the limited resources.Communication strategy design for agricultural innovation program in this research is the strategical framework starting from input, process, output and outcome. The Input is investigated from the real local needs assesment. The Process is designed in accordance to the P -Process. The Output is built as well as society condition and social .system. Therefore, the outcome would be the proper result of the local government. That design would be conducted the communication strategy recommended in this research.With the research, the writer hopes the research would find the practical benefits as well as the references in communication management in the future. Practically, the design recommended would be accomplished as a basic thought for the development programs in order to full fiil Indonesian prosperity development."

" ABSTRAK Piko hidro merupakan teknologi pembangkitan listrik yang sangat praktis untuk diaplikasikan pada daerah yang terpencil yang masih belum terjamaah jaringan listrik negara dengan energi keluaran maksimum 5 kW. Sedangkan potensi tenaga air yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pembangkitan listrik melalui turbin di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi akibat kondisi geografis seperti pegunungan, bukit, aliran sungai yang cukup banyak. Cakupan penelitian ini adalah turbin Pelton yangmana merupakan turbin impuls yang sering digunakan untuk sistem piko-hidro. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perancangan mangkuk turbin Pelton yang dapat menghasilkan daya keluaran sebesar mungkin menggunakan metode komputasi numerik dan eksperimen. Aspek yang ditinjau adalah pada bagian cut-out dan sudut keluar dari mangkuk turbin. Hasil komputasi menggunakan CFD menunjukkan sudut keluar yang terbaik adalah 163o dengan pertimbangan efek drawback yang kecil dan Coanda lebih besar yang terjadi pada bagian belakang mangkuk. Cut-out mangkuk yang terbaik juga dipilih berdasarkan turbulensi aliran yang lewat. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan dengan menggunakan geometri mangkuk terbaik yang telah disimulasikan dan mendapatkan nilai efisiensi maksimum sebesar 85,2 1,8 .

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ABSTRACT Pico hydro is a practical hydro power generation to be applied for rural areas which have not been reached by grid connection at the maximum 5 kW output energy. On the other hand, Indonesia has much hydro potence which can be used to generate electricity through turbines since its geographical condition like mountains, hills, and riverstream quantity are so much. This research scoop is about Pelton turbine which is the most used among impulse turbines. This research discuss about Pelton bucket design to produce the maximum power by using numerical computation and experiment method. The observation aspect is about cut out and outflow angle of the bucket. Computational result using CFD shows the best outflow is 163o with low drawback and higher Coanda effect at the backside of the bucket consideration. The best cut out is chosen by passing flow turbulence consideration. Experimental result shows by using the best bucket geometry which has been simulated and obtain the highest efficiency about 85,2 1,8 ."