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Abstrak :

Penelitian ini membahas tentang gambaran secara umum tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan subjektif muskuloskeletal yang dirasakan oleh pekerja pada pekerja Dinas Aircraft Support and Power Services PT GMF AeroAsia Unit Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan metode Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) dan Nordic Musculoskeletal Questtionaire (NMQ). Keluhan selama 12 bulan terakhir yang paling sering dialami pekerja Unit Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul adalah leher (87%), bahu kanan (87%), punggung atas (67%), punggung bawah (60%), dan pergelangan tangan kanan (67%) dengan variasi kategori risiko dari sedang hingga tinggi.

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......This analysis aims to explain a description of the risk level of ergonomic and the overview of Musculoskeletal disorders on Aircraft Support and Power Services workers at PT GMF AeroAsia Gas Turbine Repair and Overhaul Unit. This research is a quantiative descriptive study with cross sectional aprroach. Quick Exposure Checklist and Nordic Musculoskeletal Quiestionnaire were used as the methodology in this research. For the last 12 months, the result shows that the most frequent Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complained by the workers are on the neck (87%), right shoulder (87%), upper back (67%), lower back (60%), and right wrist (67%) with variate risk categories starts from medium to high.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan manusia mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat ketika manusia sudah menemukan mesin uap. Titik tersebut merupakan titik revolusi industri bagi peradaban manusia. Revolusi industri membuat manusia semakin sering berinteraksi dengan mesin-mesin produksi untuk mempermuda dan mempercepat produksi industri. Namun dalam interaksi antara manusia, mesin dan lingkungan tempat kerja terdapat berbagai risiko yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit akibat kerja (PAK) ataupun kecelakaan bagi manusia. Salah satu penyakit akibat kerja yang kerap diderita oleh pekerja adalah penyakit yang berkaitan dengan otot serta rangka, atau lebih dikenal dengan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerja produksi pemurnian perak PT Antam Persero Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia tahun 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor risiko ergonomi dan gejala MSds yang dialami oleh pekerja di bagian produksi pemurnian perak. Metode penelitian ini adalah semi kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Responden berjumlah 14 orang pekerja produksi yang berada di lokasi pemurnian perak. Tingkat risiko ergonomi dinilai dengan menggunakan Quick expossure Checklist (QEC). Penilaian menggunakan QEC mendapatkan hasil dalam 3 kategori yaitu kategori risiko sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Nordic Body Map (NBM) digunakan untuk mengetahui keluhan MSDs yang dirasakan pekerja dan didapatkan hasil 100% pekerja mengeluhkan mengalami gejala MSDs. ......Human development is progressing very rapidly when humans have invented the steam engine. The point is the point of the industrial revolution for human civilization. The industrial revolution made people increasingly often interact with machines to rejuvenate and accelerate the production of industrial production. However, the interaction between human, machine and environment workplace there are various risks that may cause accidents or occupational diseases to humans. One of the occupational diseases that often suffered by workers is a disease associated with muscle and frame, or better known as Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This research was carried out on the production worker refining silver PT Antam Tbk UBPP Precious Metals Limited 2014. Study aimed to look at the ergonomic risk factors and symptoms of MSDs experienced by workers in the production of silver refining. This research method is semi-quantitative cross-sectional design. Respondents amounted to 14 production workers at the scene refining silver. Ergonomic risk level assessed using expossure Quick Checklist (QEC). Assessment using the QEC get results in 3 risk categories, medium, high, and very high. Nordic Body Map (NBM) is used to determine the perceived grievances of workers and MSDs showed 100% of workers complained of experiencing symptoms of MSDs.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko ergonomi terhadap timbulnya MSDs pada operator crane di area finishing PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mills. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode Quick Exposure Check dan pengisian Nordic Body Map untuk mengetahui keluhan subjektif MSDs pada pekerja. Berdasarkan penilaian menggunakan Quick Expossure Checklist (QEC) pada kegiatan kerja memiliki skor 66% sehingga masuk kedalam tingkat risiko sedang dan diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut serta dilakukan perubahan. Keseluruhan operator (100%) merasakan keluhan MSDs dengan keluhan yang paling banyak di alami adalah pada leher, bahu kiri, bahu kanan, paha kiri, paha kanan. Hal ini disebabkan posisi janggal yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas kerja sebagai operator crane dan faktor peralatan yang dipakai operator. Memperbaiki desain peralatan kerja yang sesuai dengan antropologi pekerja, pemberian informasi terkait ergonomi di tempat kerja dan sosialisasi dapat menjadi cara untuk mencegah tingginya risiko ergonomi pada pekerja operator crane area finishing. ......This thesis aims to determine the description of ergonomic risk factors for the emergence of MSDs on crane operators in the finishing area of PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mills. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method using the Quick Exposure Check method and the Nordic Body Map to find out the subjective complaints of MSDs on workers. Based on the assessment using the Quick Expossure Checklist (QEC) on work activities it has a score of 66% so that it enters a moderate level of risk and further research is needed and changes are made. Overall operators (100%) felt complaints of MSDs with the most common complaints on the neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, left thigh, right thigh. This is due to the awkward position caused by the demands of duty as a crane operator and the equipment factor used by the operator. Improving the design of work equipment in accordance with the anthropology of workers, providing information related to ergonomics in the workplace and socialization can be a way to prevent the high risk of ergonomics in crane operator area finishing workers.

Abstrak :
Pekerjaan manual handling memiliki angka tertinggi penyebab terjadinya kasus Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada tahun 2012. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko manual handling pada pekerja angkut barang di stasiun Pasar Senen Jakarta tahun 2014. Faktor risiko manual handling antara lain faktor pekerjaan, karakteristik pekerja, lingkungan kerja, serta layout tempat kerja tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan besar sampel 61 pekerja. Metode yang digunakan berupa Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) untuk menilai faktor risiko pekerjaan serta kuesioner Nordic Body Map untuk mengetahui keluhan subjektif MSDs pada pekerja. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian QEC diketahui bahwa aktivitas yang memiliki risiko paling tinggi adalah aktivitas menaikkan atau mengangkat barang ke bagasi dengan tingkat risiko 86%. Sebesar 97% responden mengalami keluhan MSDs. Bagian tubuh yang paling banyak dikeluhkan adalah pada bagian pinggang, kaki, tangan, bahu dan punggung. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pekerjaan manual handling pada pekerja angkut barang memiliki tingkat risiko yang sangat tinggi dan dibutuhkan investigasi dan perubahan segera mungkin. Porter sebaiknya memperbaiki cara mengangkat, menurunkan, dan membawa barang dengan baik dan aman untuk mencegah terjadinya keluhan MSDs. ...... Manual handling has the highest number of cases that cause of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in 2012. Therefore, this study aims to describe the risk factors of manual handling among porters at Pasar Senen Station in 2014. The risk factor of manual handling are work factor, the caracteristics of workers, work environment, and layout of the workplace. Design research is cross sectional with total sample of 61 workers. The method of this study used Quick Exposure Checklist (QEC) to assess the job factor and Nordic Body Map questionnaire to determine the subjective complaints of MSDs among porters. Based on the assessment results of QEC is known that the activity that has the highest risk is lifting into the trunk with a 86% risk level. Beside that, 97% of porters had complaints of MSDs. The most risk part of body are waist, legs, arms, shoulder and back. From these results it can be concluded that manual handling have a very high level of risk and the investigations and changes should be done as soon as possible. Porters should improve the way of their lifting, lowering, and carrying goods properly and safely to prevent MSDs injuries.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Proses kerja mekanik motor PT. X diduga berisiko terhadap gejala muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan gambaran tingkat risiko gejala muskuloskeletal pada mekanik motor PT. X Jakarta dengan metode QEC, REBA dan NBM pada setiap tahap perawatan motor. Berdasarkan penilaian QEC, didapatkan hasil bahwa proses kerja mekanik motor harus diinvestigasi lebih lanjut dan dilakukan perubahan. Penilaian REBA menunjukkan tingkat risiko yang tinggi. Penilaian NBM menunjukkan punggung, pinggang, bahu kiri, dan lengan atas kanan (70%) menjadi anggota tubuh yang paling sering dikeluhan. Upaya pengendalian yang telah dilakukan perusahaan adalah menyediakan hidrolik bagi setiap pekerja, namun pekerja tidak menggunakannya. Dengan adanya peraturan kewajiban penggunaan hidrolik dan pengawasan pada setiap pekerja, tingkat risiko gejala muskuloskeletal dapat diturunkan. Selain itu, upaya lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah merubah desain area kerja, mengganti peralatan kerja, dan pelatihan ergonomi bagi pekerja. ABSTRACT
The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletal symptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBM methods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, the result showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigated further and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBM assessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the most common symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?t use it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic and supervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station, substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.;The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletal symptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBM methods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, the result showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigated further and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBM assessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the most common symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?t use it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic and supervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station, substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.;The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletal symptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBM methods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, the result showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigated further and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBM assessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the most common symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?t use it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic and supervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station, substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers., The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletal symptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletal symptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBM methods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, the result showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigated further and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBM assessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the most common symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn’t use it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic and supervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station, substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.]

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan : Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai pajanan ergonomi telah banyak ditemukan, namun penggunaannya masih terbatas dalam bahasa Inggris sehingga ketika akan digunakan harus diterjemahkan terlebih dahulu ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Quick Exposure Check (QEC) merupakan salah satu instrumen penilaian pajanan ergonomi yang belum dilakukan uji validitasnya. Untuk mendapatkan hasil validitas yang baik maka dipergunakan responden dengan karakteristik yang sama dengan jenis tugas yang berbeda. Metode : Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian uji validitas data diambil dari 100 pekerja garmen di tiga bagian pekerjaan yaitu spreading, sewing dan quality control. Instrumen QEC bagian lembar pekerja diisi oleh pekerja dan lembar pengamat diisi oleh petugas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja perusahaan.Untuk menilai kesesuaian isian antara pekerja dan petugas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja perusahaan digunakan standar yang berfungsi sebagai pembanding yang diisi oleh dokter magister kedokteran kerja.Data dianalisis dengan SPSS 20. Hasil: Uji validitas interna pada penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai korelasi Pearson's pada masing-masing item pertanyaan adalah valid yaitu diatas nilai tabel r = 0,1966 untuk N=100 dengan Cronbach's Alpha 0,653. Validitas eksterna dengan metode uji kesesuaian didapatkan nilai Kappa yang bervariasi. Derajat kesesuaian penilaian antara petugas K3 dan standar didapatkan nilai Kappa buruk pada pertanyaan D sebesar 0,455 dan E sebesar 0,433, sedangkan untuk pertanyaan A,B, C, F dan G baik antara 0,906 dan 1,000.Derajat kesesuaian penilaian antara penilaian pekerja dan standar didapatkan nilai Kappa buruk yaitu 0,036 pada pertanyaan H, baik yaitu 0,674 pada pertanyaan N, nilai sangat baik 1,000 pada pertanyaan K dan L serta nilai tak terhitung pada pertanyaan J dan M. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini hasil uji validitas interna QEC adalah valid dan reliable, namun instrumen QEC versi bahasa Indonesia belum dapat digunakan dengan baik karena pada lembar pekerja banyak ketidaksesuaian. Mengingat banyaknya ketidaksesuaian tersebut maka pengisian harus dilakukan oleh petugas K3 dengan pelatihan mempelajari QEC tersebut.Perlunya waktu tertentu untuk pelatihan dalam mempelajari pengisian lembar QEC.

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Background: Many instruments to assess ergonomic exposure already exists but still limited in English version, threfore it has to be translated to Indonesian first. Quick Exposure Check (QEC) is one of the ergonomic exposure assessments tools that have not been validated before in Indonesian. For the validity test was used the subjects with same characteristic but with three different tasks in garment company workers. Methods: Validity test study is chosen as research design that involved 100 subjects of garment company workers on three divisions are Spreading, Sewing and Quality Control. The QEC workers assessment filled by workers and observer's assessment is filled by practitioners. To assess interrater reliability among practitioners and workers filled are used Occupational Medicine assessment. Analyse data use the SPSS version 20. Results: Internal validity test in this study was found Pearson's Inter Item Correlation for each item were valid, more than r table value 0.1966 for N=100, with Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.653. External validity we use the interrater reliability test was found Kappa value were varies. Kappa value for question D is 0.455 and E is 0.433. Kappa value for question A, B, C F and G is good between 0.906 to 1.000. Kappa value for question H is 0.036, question N is 0.674, question K and L is 1.000 and question J and M is uncountable. Conclusions: Internal validity QEC in this study is valid and reliable but interrater reliability is not good, therefore this instrument in Indonesian can not used with worker's assessment filled by workers. We can use this instruments if the worker's assessment is filled by practitioners who have been trained about QEC or Indonesian grammar of QEC is enhanced in order to be more easily understood by workers.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan teknologi dapat membantu meningkatkan efektivitas dan produktivitas dalam dunia usaha. Akan tetapi, perkembangan ini dapat berdampak negatif apabila tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kemampuan pekerja. Salah satu risiko akibat ketidaksesuaian tersebut adalah Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Penelitian ini menilai postur pada pekerja di Sentra Industri Tas PATRIA tahun 2013 yang bekerja dengan posisi duduk dengan jumlah responden 20 orang. Faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan postur adalah durasi, frekuensi dan beban yang dinilai menggunakan RULA. Penilaian ini dilengkapi menggunakan QEC untuk mendapatkan skor per bagian tubuh. Penelitian ini juga menggambarkan karakteristik individu seperti usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, IMT, perilaku merokok, perilaku olahraga yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya MSDs. Penelitian ini menilai keluhan MSDs menggunakan kuisioner NBM. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan disain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan risiko MSDs sangat tinggi pada seluruh proses pembuatan tas dan agenda yaitu pemotongan, penempelan, penjahitan pola dan finishing. Keluhan terbanyak adalah pada bagian leher bagian atas (60%), bahu kanan, punggung dan pinggang (masing-masing 50%). Untuk itu diperlukan upaya pengendalian secara ergonomi berupa perbaikan disain tempat kerja dan administrasi seperti pembatasan jam kerja, penyuluhan cara bekerja yang ergonomi dengan melibatkan pemiliki usaha dan Puskesmas setempat serta melibatkan pekerja secara aktif untuk menurunkan tingkat risiko dan keluhan MSDs. ......Technological development can help improve the effectiveness and productivity. However, these developments could have a negative impact if it is not in accordance with the characteristics and capabilities of workers. One such discrepancy is due to the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study assesses posture on workers in industrial centers PATRIA bag in 2013 working in a sitting position with the number of respondents 2013. Another factor is related to postir duration, frequency and workload was assessed using RULA. This assessment was completed with using the QEC to get a risk index score on the body. This study also present the individual characteristics such as age, gender, years, body mass index, smoking and exercise behaviors that contribute to the occurrence of MSDs. This assessment also assessed MSDs complaints using a questionnaire NBM. This study is a descriptive observational cross-sectional study design. the results of this study showed a very high risk of MSDs in the whole process of bag making and agenda that is cutting, pasting, sewing and finishing. Most complaints are on the upper neck (60%), right shoulder, back, and waist (50%). for it, necessary control measures with improved ergonomic design and administrative work such as restrictions on hours of work, work ergonomics extension method involving local business owners and health centers as well as actively involving workers ringkat to reduce the risk of MSDs and complaints.