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ABSTRAK
Perusahaan rintisan, sebagai sebuah organisasi di awal masa fase hidupnya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan organisasi yang sudah dewasa. Karakter ini dapat dilihat dari dimensi organisasi, kepemilikan dan kepemimpinan, strategi dan inovasi serta finansial. Penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana karakteristik perusahaan rintisan di Indonesia dalam bidang fashion dan melakukan perhitungan AHP untuk mengetahui dimensi mana yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesuksesan perusahaan rintisan bidang Fashion di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor strategi dan inovasi merupakan dimensi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesuksesan sebuah perusahaan rintisan di Indonesia. Pemilihan strategi merupakan hal yang krusial . Penelitian ini memetakan strategi-strategi yang pernah digunakan oleh perusahaan rintisan bidang fashion di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa strategi intensif dan diversifikasi merupakan dua strategi yang umum digunakan pada usaha rintisan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT
Start up companies, as an organization in the early stage of its life cycle, have a very different characteristics with mature organization. These characteristics can be viewed from organization dimension, ownership dimension, strategy and innovation dimension, and financial dimension. This research learn about start up characteristic in Indonesia, especially in fashion industry and also do AHP step to determine which dimension is most relevant to start up success. The result shows that the stretegy and innovation is the most determinig dimension on start up success. Strategy choice is a crucial thing. This research maps the strategy that has been used in Indonesian fashion start up. The results are that intensive strategy and diversification strategy are the most used strategy in Indonesian Start Up

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Anestesiologis adalah profesi yang rentan mengalami kelelahan. Gangguan tidur adalah keluhan yang sering dialami oleh anestesiologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index untuk menilai kualitas tidur dan kuesioner ESS Epworth Sleepines Scale untuk menilai skala kantuk berlebih. Metode: Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Setelah disetujui komite etik didapatkan 114 peserta PPDS Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif FKUI RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo menggunakan total sampling selama April - Mei 2016. Formulir penelitian meliputi penilaian kualitas tidur menggunakan PSQI dan skala kantuk menggunakan ESS. Analisis deskriptif meliputi data gangguan kualitas tidur, skala kantuk, distribusi karakteristik dan jam kerja. Analisis bivariat menilai kriteria terkait nilai PSQI ? 5 kualitas tidur kurang dan ESS ?10 skala kantuk berlebih . Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik biner untuk melihat hubungan variabel paling dominan dengan variabel dependen. Setelah itu, dilakukan perbandingan antara data kualitas tidur dengan skala kantuk berlebih. Hasil: Faktor durasi tidur, keluhan tidur dan skala kantuk berlebih adalah faktor penyebab kualitas tidur kurang

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ABSTRACT
Background Anesthesiologists is a profession prone to fatigue. Sleep disorder is a common complaint suffered by the anesthesiologist. This study used a questionnaire PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the quality of sleep and ESS Epworth Sleepines Scale to assess the scale of excessive sleepiness. Methods This observational study used cross sectional design. After approval from ethics committee we obtained 114 resident of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital using total sampling during April May 2016. The research form contained PSQI questionnaire to asses sleep quality and ESS to asses sleepiness scale. Data of sleep quality disorder, sleepiness scale, characteristics distribution and working hours presented by descriptive analysis. The bivariate analysis measured the relevant criteria PSQI score 5 sleep disorder and ESS 10 excessive sleepiness scale . Multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression used to see the most significant variable from the dependent variable. After that, comparison between data quality of sleep with excessive sleepiness scale was done. Results Factor of sleep duration, sleep complaints and excessive sleepiness scale were causative factor of sleep quality disorder p

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Delirium yang terjadi di ICU dapat berdampak pada peningkatan angka morbiditas, penurunan fungsi tubuh, dan peningkatan masa rawat inap pasien di ICU. Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan perlu memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai terkait delirium di ICU. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan perawat intensif terhadap Delirium di ICU. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 70 perawat intensif di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang berdasarkan teknik pemilihan total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berpengetahuan tinggi 76%. Analisis chi square karakteristik perawat yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja dan pelatihan ICU menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan dengan pengetahuan perawat intensif tentang Delirium di ICU dengan p value > 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk tetap meningkatkan dan mempertahankan pengetahuan perawat terhadap Delirium di ICU agar terciptanya asuhan keperawatan yang baik. ......Delirium that occurs in ICU can impact the increase of morbidity rate, decreased body function, and increase of patient’s hospitalization period in ICU. Nurse, as a health workers, requires to have adequate knowledge related to delirium in ICU. Therefore, this study aims to find out factors relate to knowledge level of intensive nurses to delirium in ICU. This study was descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted on 70 intensive nurses in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang according to the total sampling technique. The results of the study show that the respondents have high knowledge 76%. Chi-Square analysis characteristic of nurse including age, gender, educational level, years of service shows there is no significant relationship to knowledge level of intensive nurses to ICU delirium with p value > 0,05. The results of the study recommend constantly improving and maintaining the knowledge of nurses to ICU delirium so that good nursing care can be created

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ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai alasan pemerintah memberikan insentif pajak pada industri komponen otomotif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa sasaran pemerintah dalam memberikan insentif pajak perlu dibarengi dengan pengoordinasian pelaksanaan pemberian insentif pajak, dan penetapan pelaksanaan pengawasannya, perlunya meningkatkan upaya-upaya untuk menimalisir hambatan dalam pemberian insentif pajak serta perlunya koordinasi antara investor dan pemerintah sehingga fasilitas insentif pajak penghasilan yang diberikan dapat diimplementasikan dengan tepat.

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ABSTRACT
The focus on this study is the reasons government giving incentives tax to automotive industry. This research is qualitative descriptive. The data were collected by means of deep interview. The researcher suggests that the government's target to provide incentives tax needs to be gathered with coordinating the implementation of incentives tax and establishment of monitoring implementation, needs for increase efforts to minimize the barriers the provision of incentives tax, needs coordination between investor and government so that the PPh incentives facilities which had given should be implemented properly.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Nilai Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) merupakan alat evaluasi nyeri untuk pasien unit perawatan intensif (UPI) yang tidak sadar dan menggunakan ventilasi mekanik. BPS dikembangkan oleh Payen pada tahun 2001 dalam bahasa Inggris. Penerjemahan BPS ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dilakukan untuk mempermudah sosialisasi dan pemahaman mengenai kriteria dalam BPS. Sebelum suatu alat ukur yang diterjemahkan dapat diterapkan pada populasi, harus dilakukan penilaian kesahihannya terlebih dahulu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kesahihan BPS pada pasien UPI Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Metode: Studi observasional, potong lintang dengan pengukuran berulang dilakukan terhadap pasien yang dirawat di UPI RSCM Maret-Mei 2013. Kesahihan BPS dinilai dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Keandalan dinilai dengan Cronbach α dan Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Ketanggapan dinilai dengan besar efek. Hasil: Selama penelitian terkumpul 56 pasien yang tidak sadar dan menggunakan ventilasi mekanik di UPI RSCM. BPS memiliki kesahihan yang baik dengan nilai korelasi bermakna secara berurutan 0.376, 0.403 dan -0.147 untuk laju nadi, tekanan arteri rata-rata dan nilai Ramsay. Keandalan yang baik dengan nilai ICC 0.941 p = <0.001 dan nilai cronbach α 0.907. Ketanggapan BPS juga baik dengan besar efek antara 2.32-2.82 antara pagi sampai dengan malam. ......Background: Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) score is a tool to evaluate pain for unconscious patient whom using mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU). BPS has been developed by Payen in English language. Translation BPS into Indonesian language was done to make a better understanding about criteria in BPS. However, this tool need to be validated before it use in populations. The aim of this study was to validate BPS score in the intensive care unit (ICU) Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital population. Methods: An Observational, cross sectional, repeated measures was done to patients hospitalized in the ICU Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from March to May 2013. Validation was assessed by Spearman Correlation test while reliability was analyzed using Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Responsiveness was assessed by effect size. Results: A total of 56 unconscious patients using mechanical ventilation were included in this study. BPS score has a good validation with significant correlation 0.376, 0.403 and -0.147 for heart rate, MAP and Ramsay Score consecutively. Good reliability with ICC score 0.941, p = <0.001 and cronbach α 0.907. Responsiveness for BPS is good with effect size between 2.32-2.82 within morning until night group.

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[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Hiponatremia pasca tindakan operasi mayor pada populasi anak merupakan gangguan elektrolit yang sering terjadi. Penggunaan cairan yang belum tepat sering menimbulkan peningkatan kejadian hiponatremia yang berhubungan erat dengan meningkatnya berbagai komplikasi seperti edema otak, kejang, bahkan kematian. Populasi anak merupakan risiko tinggi karena perbandingan jaringan otak dan tulang tengkorak yang lebih besar sehingga ruang yang tersedia saat terjadi edema otak lebih sempit. Tujuan: Mengetahui insidens hiponatremia pada anak pasca tindakan operasi mayor. Metode: Studi retrospektif potong lintang dilakukan terhadap anak usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun yang menjalani tindakan operasi mayor dan masuk ruang perawatan intensif. Penelusuran status medik sesuai kriteria inklusi dilakukan sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi. Pencatatan terhadap subjek yang meliputi data praoperasi, intraoperasi, serta pemantauan pascaoperasi dilakukan. Subjek yang memenuhi definisi hiponatremia (<135 mEq/L) diklasifikasikan sesuai derajat hiponatremia dan dilakukan pencarian lebih lanjut terhadap komplikasi. Hasil : Studi dilakukan terhadap 90 subjek yang terdiri dari 56,7% lelaki, dengan 51,1% memiliki rentang usia 1 bulan hingga 4 tahun. Sebanyak 47,8% subjek menjalani tindakan laparatomi dengan berbagai indikasi. Hampir semua subjek (93,3%) mendapat cairan hipotonik pascaoperasi. Insidens hiponatremia pascaoperasi sebesar 28,9% dengan 11,1% diantaranya merupakan hiponatremia sedang-berat. Rerata kadar natrium pascaoperasi adalah 130,1 ± 4,1 mEq/L dengan rerata total cairan 79,8 ± 27,4 ml/kg. Sebesar 30,9% subjek yang mendapatkan cairan hipotonik pascaoperasi mengalami kejadian hiponatremia dengan rerata lama rawat 5,6 ± 4 hari. Terdapat 1/26 subjek yang mengalami komplikasi berupa kejang dan edema otak. Simpulan: Insidens hiponatremia pasca tindakan operasi mayor di ruang perawatan intensif hampir mencapai 30% dan sebagian besar mendapat cairan hipotonik pascaoperasi. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian cairan pascaoperasi yang tepat untuk mencegah hiponatremia.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Hyponatremia is commonly found post major surgery in pediatric population. The use of improper fluid often leads to increasing incidence of hyponatremia which causes complications such as cerebral edema, seizure, and death. Pediatric is a high risk population due to the large ratio between the brain tissue and skull, so that the availability space. Hyponatremia after major surgery in pediatric population is a common electrolyte disorder. The use of improper fluid often lead to increased incidence of hyponatremia which is closely linked to the increasing variety of complications such as cerebral edema, seizures, and even death. Pediatric is high risk population due to the larger comparison of brain tissue and the skull so that the space available in the event of brain edema narrower. Objective: To describe the incidence of hyponatremia in children after major surgery. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 1 month to 18 years who underwent major surgery and entered the intensive care ward. The inclusion subjects was traced from medical records. The data was recorded from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative monitoring. Subjects who met hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) were classified according to the severity of hyponatremia and its complications. Results: Ninety subjects were enrolled in this study (56.7% male, 51.1% age 1 month-4 years). There were 47.8% subjects underwent laparotomy with a variety of indications. Almost all subjects (93.3%) received postoperative hypotonic fluid. The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia was 28.9%, while 11.1% among them were moderate-severe hyponatremia. The mean postoperative sodium levels was 130.1 ± 4.1 mEq/L with a mean total fluid 79.8 ± 27.4 ml/kg. There were 30.9% subjects who received hypotonic fluids and experienced hyponatremia with a mean length of stay 5.6 ± 4 days. One of 26 subjects with hyponatremia suffered from seizures and brain edema. Conclusions: The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia in pediatric intensive care reached nearly 30%, and almost all of them received hypotonic fluid. Therefore, further research should be performed to evaluate the appropriate fluid in order to anticipating postoperative hyponatremia, Background: Hyponatremia is commonly found post major surgery in pediatric population. The use of improper fluid often leads to increasing incidence of hyponatremia which causes complications such as cerebral edema, seizure, and death. Pediatric is a high risk population due to the large ratio between the brain tissue and skull, so that the availability space. Hyponatremia after major surgery in pediatric population is a common electrolyte disorder. The use of improper fluid often lead to increased incidence of hyponatremia which is closely linked to the increasing variety of complications such as cerebral edema, seizures, and even death. Pediatric is high risk population due to the larger comparison of brain tissue and the skull so that the space available in the event of brain edema narrower. Objective: To describe the incidence of hyponatremia in children after major surgery. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 1 month to 18 years who underwent major surgery and entered the intensive care ward. The inclusion subjects was traced from medical records. The data was recorded from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative monitoring. Subjects who met hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) were classified according to the severity of hyponatremia and its complications. Results: Ninety subjects were enrolled in this study (56.7% male, 51.1% age 1 month-4 years). There were 47.8% subjects underwent laparotomy with a variety of indications. Almost all subjects (93.3%) received postoperative hypotonic fluid. The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia was 28.9%, while 11.1% among them were moderate-severe hyponatremia. The mean postoperative sodium levels was 130.1 ± 4.1 mEq/L with a mean total fluid 79.8 ± 27.4 ml/kg. There were 30.9% subjects who received hypotonic fluids and experienced hyponatremia with a mean length of stay 5.6 ± 4 days. One of 26 subjects with hyponatremia suffered from seizures and brain edema. Conclusions: The incidence of postoperative hyponatremia in pediatric intensive care reached nearly 30%, and almost all of them received hypotonic fluid. Therefore, further research should be performed to evaluate the appropriate fluid in order to anticipating postoperative hyponatremia]

Abstrak :
Beban kerja mental perawat dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal perawat. Faktor internal meliputi karakteristik individu dan motivasi perawat, serta faktor eksternal yang meliputi organisasi dan pekerjaan perawat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan beban kerja mental perawat saat berinteraksi dalam asuhan keperawatan di ruang perawatan intensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-Square dan regresi logistik ganda. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total population sampling dan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 129 perawat pelaksana yang bekerja di ruang perawatan intensif. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor motivasi merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap beban kerja mental perawat dibandingkan variabel lainnya p=0,022; ?=0,05. Rumah sakit dapat mengoptimalkan dan melakukan resosialisasi regulasi pemberian reward bagi perawat, serta membuat program pengembangan kompetensi dan soft skill perawat. ...... The mental workload of nurses is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factor are nurse individual characteristic and motivation, also external factor such as organization and nurse task. The aim of this research is to identify the factors most closely related to the mental workload of nurses during interactions in nursing care in intensive care unit. This research is a quantitative research with data collection with questionnaire using Cross Sectional approach. Data analysis using Chi Square and multiple logistic regression. Sampling in this study used total population sampling and involved a sample of 129 implementing nurses working in the intensive care unit. The result of logistic regression test shows that motivation factor is the most influential variable to the mental workload of the nurse compared to other variables p 0,022 0,05 . Hospitals can optimize and resocialization regulation of reward for nurse, and make competence development program and soft skill of nurse.