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Abstrak :
Pestisida merupakan bahan beracun yang memiliki potensi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan gangguan kesehatan manusia. Petani di Desa Jonggol merupakan populasi berisiko untuk terpajan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi risiko pajanan pestisida bahan fungisida terhadap kebiasaan mengonsumsi sumber air minum pada petani di wilayah pemukiman pertanian Desa Jonggol pada tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan desain studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, dan pengukuran residu pestisida pada sumber air minum di Desa Jonggol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi maksimal pestisida di sumber air minum adalah 0,0855 mg/l pada titik 1 air sumur di Kampung Kujang (diatas baku mutu) dengan radius 2 m dari pertanian. Titik 2 yaitu Air Sungai Kampung Bengkok & Titik 3 yaitu Air Sumur Kampung Karni dengan radius sekitar 20 m dari lokasi pertanian yakni tidak terdeteksi pestisida. Mayoritas petani mengonsumsi air minum yang berasal dari Air Sumur lokasi pertanian. Perhitungan intake non karsinogenik (realtime) adalah 0,00246 mg/kg/hari, sedangkan untuk perhitungan intake karsinogenik (realtime) adalah 0,001056 mg/kg/hari. Berdasarkan perhitungan karakteristik risiko non karsinogenik adalah 0,246 yakni memiliki nilai RQ ≤ 1 berarti belum menimbulkan risiko efek non karsinogenik. Nilai Excess Cancer Risk yaitu risk probability sehingga dibutuhkan manajemen risiko. Risiko Kesehatan secara non karsinogenik dan karsinogenik didapatkan pada gangguan kesehatan petani yakni rata-rata petani mengalami gangguan kesehatan sekitar 78%, gangguan pernafasan 74,7%, dan gangguan pencernaan 48,4%. Selain penyebab dari kebiasan mengonsumsi sumber air minum yang tercemar di pertanian, terdapat faktor lainnya yakni petani memiliki kebiasaan merokok 72,5%, melakukan aktivitas pembakaran 95,6%, dan tinggal di lokasi pertanian 96,7%, mengonsumsi makanan yang dibakar 78%.Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini petani tetap di Desa Jonggol telah memiliki risiko baik secara realtime maupun lifetime. Perlu dilakukan upaya manajemen risiko untuk melindungi petani agar tidak timbulnya masalah kesehatan. ......Pesticides are toxic materials that have the potential to have a negative impact on the environment and human health problems. Farmers in Jonggol Village are a population at risk of being exposed to pesticides. This research aimed to determine the estimated risk of exposure to pesticides fungicidal substances to the habit of consuming drinking water sources in farmers in the agricultural settlement area of Jonggol Village in 2022. This research was a descriptive study using the design of the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) study. The data of this research was obtained from the results of interviews using questionnaires, observations, and measurements of pesticide residues on drinking water sources in Jonggol Village. The results showed that the maximum concentration of pesticides in drinking water sources was 0.0855 mg / l at point 1 of well water in Kampung Kujang (above quality standards) with a radius of 2m from agriculture. Point 2 was Crooked Village River Water & Point 3 is Karni Village Well Water with a radius of about 20 m from the agricultural location, no pesticides were detected. The majority of farmers consumed drinking water derived from Well Water in agricultural locations. The calculation of non-carcinogenic intake (real-time) was 0.00246 mg / kg / day, while for the calculation of carcinogenic intake (real-time) was 0.001056 mg / kg / day. Based on the calculation of the characteristics of non-carcinogenic risk was 0.246, having an RQ value ≤ 1 meant that it had not caused a risk of non-carcinogenic effects. The value of Excess Cancer Risk was risk probability, so risk management was needed. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were found in farmers' health problems, the average farmer experienced health problems around 78%, respiratory disorders 74.7%, and indigestion 48.4%. In addition to the causes of the habit of consuming polluted drinking water sources in agriculture, there were other factors, farmers had a smoking habit of 72.5%, carried out burning activities 95.6%, and lived in agricultural locations 96.7%, consuming 78% burnt food. The conclusion was that farmers who remained in Jonggol Village already had risks both in real time and lifetime. It was necessary to make risk management efforts to protect farmers from the onset of health problems.

Abstrak :
Instensifikasi pertanian merupakan langkah peningkatan produk pertanian, seperti pengolahan lahan pertanian dan pembasmian hama atau penyakit pada tanaman. Pestisida dapat membasmi hama dalam waktu singkat namun berisiko buruk terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan. Penggunaan pestisida pada lahan pertanian dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida serta memprediksi berapa banyak asupan cabai, kubis, dan kentang yang dikonsumsi petani menimbulkan risiko gangguan kesehatan di Kecamatan Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain cross sectional dengan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan (ARKL). Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 105 responden petani dan penyemprot tanaman menggunakan pestisida. Responden dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil univariat, 93% berpengetahuan kurang baik, 68% bersikap baik, dan 63% berperilaku kurang baik. Berdasarkan hasil bivariat, bahwa faktor tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan nilai risiko (RQ) gangguan kesehatan (p = 0,042; OR = 1,69). Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya penyuluhan tentang penggunaan pestisida dan pengawasan aktivitas petani agar risiko gangguan kesehatan dapat dicegah. ......Instensification agriculture is a step improvement of agricultural products, such as processing of agricultural land and eradication of pests or plant diseases. Pesticides can eradicate the pest in a short time but bad risk to health and the environment. The use of pesticides on agricultural land is affected by the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of farmers. This study aims to determine knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of farmers in the use of pesticides and to predict how much intake of chili, cabbage, and potatoes are consumed by the farmer raises the risk of health problems in the district Cikajang, Garut. This study used cross sectional design with environmental health risk analysis approach (ARKL). The research sample of 105 respondents of farmers and crop spraying using pesticides. Respondents were selected using the method of purposive sampling. Based on the results of the univariate, 93% less knowledgeable good, 68% to be good, and 63% misbehave. Based on the results of the bivariate, that factors significantly associated with the level of knowledge of the value of risk (RQ) health problems (p = 0.042; OR = 1.69). These results show the need for education about the use of pesticides and supervision of the activities of farmers to the risk of health problems can be prevented. that the knowledge level factors significantly associated with the risk value (RQ) health problems (p = 0.042; OR = 1.69). These results show the need for education about the use of pesticides and supervision of the activities of farmers to the risk of health problems can be prevented. that the knowledge level factors significantly associated with the risk value (RQ) health problems (p = 0.042; OR = 1.69). These results show the need for education about the use of pesticides and supervision of the activities of farmers to the risk of health problems can be prevented.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Polutan utama dari sistem pembakaran batubara salah satunya SO2. Sulfur dioksidia menyebabkan iritasi, batuk refleks, menyebabkan penyakit pernafasan dan gangguan daya tahan paru-paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pajanan SO2 di lingkungan sekitar pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Suralaya yaitu pada desa Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, dan Sumuranja dan gangguan pernafasannya pada masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel responden diambil secara purposive sampling berdasarkan titik pengukuran udara pada setiap desa yaitu 35 orang di setiap desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) yang menggunakan nilai Rfc SO2 (0,026 mg / kg / hari), dan selanjutnya dilakukan secara cross sectional untuk menghubungkan tingkat risiko dengan kejadian gangguan pernafasan di sekitar PLTU. Hasil ARKL menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko di lingkungan sekitar PLTU Suralaya yaitu pada desa Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, dan Sumuranja masih tergolong aman karena nilai RQ dibawah 1 dalam kurun waktu lebih dari 30 tahun. Hasil analisis cross sectional menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan SO2 dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pernafasan pada masyarakat di sekitar PLTU karena memiliki nilai-p yang lebih besar dari alfa.
ABSTRACT
One of the main pollutants from the coal combustion system is SO2. Sulfur dioxidia causes irritation, reflex coughing, causes respiratory disease and lung resistance. This study aims to analyze SO2 exposure in the environment around the Suralaya steam power plant (PLTU), namely in the villages of Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, and Sumuranja and respiratory problems in the surrounding community. This research is descriptive, with a cross sectional approach. The sample of respondents was taken by purposive sampling based on air measurement points in each village, namely 35 people in each village. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method using the Rfc SO2 value (0.026 mg / kg / day), and then carried out cross-sectional to link the risk level with the incidence of respiratory problems around the PLTU. The ARKL results show that the level of risk in the environment around PLTU Suralaya, namely in the villages of Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, and Sumuranja is still relatively safe because the RQ value is below 1 in a period of more than 30 years. The results of the cross sectional analysis show that there is no relationship between the level of health risk due to SO2 exposure and the incidence of respiratory problems in the community around the PLTU because it has a p-value greater than alpha.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis risiko pajanan timbal dalam air minum terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada penduduk yang bermukim di sekitar TPA Cipayung Kota Depok, Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PHA (Public Health Assessment) yaitu terdapat dua metode penelitian: ARKL (Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan) dan EKL (Epidemiologi Kesehatan Lingkungan) dengan desain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tingkat risiko terhadap efek non karsinogenik pada pajanan timbal dalam air sumur yang dikonsumsi oleh penduduk di sekitar TPA Cipayung masih berada dibawah batas aman yaitu RQ real-time ≤1 (RQ real-time maksimal pada 0.669). Sedangkan pada perhitungan RQ lifespan 40 tahun didapatkan nilai RQ>1 yaitu RQ=1.071. Artinya responden yang mengkonsumsi air sumur terpajan timbal akan berisiko tidak aman terhadap gangguan kesehatan non karsinogenik pada 40 tahun yang akan datang. Perhitungan tingkat risiko terhadap efek karsinogenik pada pajanan timbal dalam air sumur yang dikonsumsi oleh penduduk di sekitar TPA Cipayung, pada jangka waktu 100 tahun yang akan datang berada pada batas aman (ECR 100 tahun = 1.37x10-6). Analisis bivariat yang dilakukan antara tingkat risiko pajanan timbal dalam air sumur dengan kejadian hipertensi tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai p=0.322. Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan peluang pada responden yang mengkonsumsi air sumur terpajan timbal sebesar 0.193 kali menderita hipertensi dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak mengkonsumsi air sumur terpajan timbal setelah dikontrol oleh variabel konsumsi lemak jenuh, umur, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik kurang dan konsumsi garam tinggi.

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This study aims to analyze the risk of lead exposure in drinking water to the incidence of hypertension in residents living around the TPA Cipayung in Depok City, 2019. This study uses the PHA (Public Health Assessment) method, there are two research methods: ARKL (Health Risk Analysis Environment) and EKL (Epidemiology of Environmental Health) with a cross sectional study design. The results showed that the level of risk for non-carcinogenic effects on lead exposure in well water consumed by residents around the TPA Cipayung was still below the safe limit of real-time RQ ≤1 (maximum real-time RQ at 0.669). The calculation of 40 years lifespan RQ is >1 (RQ = 1.071). This means that respondents who consume lead-exposed well water will be at risk of being unsafe for non-carcinogenic health problems in the next 40 years. Calculation of risk level for carcinogenic effects on lead exposure in well water consumed by residents living around the TPA Cipayung, in the period of 100 years to come is at the safe limit (ECR 100 years = 1.37x10-6). Bivariate analysis conducted between the level of risk of lead exposure in well water and the incidence of hypertension did not show a significant relationship with the value of p = 0.322. The results of multivariate analysis showed that respondents who consumed lead water exposed to 0.193 times had hypertension compared to respondents who did not consume lead-exposed well water after being controlled by variables of saturated fat consumption, age, smoking habits, lack of physical activity and high salt consumption

Abstrak :

Timbal (Pb) merupakan logam berat dengan nomor atom 82 dan massa atom 207,2. Timbal bersumber dari alam, industri, serta transportasi. Timbal dari industri berasal dari industri baterai, industri kimia, industri bahan bakar, dan industri peleburan aki bekas serta dari transportasi berasal dari bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor. Sumber-sumber logam timbal ini dapat menyebabkan pajanan timbal ke dalam lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko kesehatan (Risk Quotient) akibat pajanan timbal pada masyarakat lingkungan di sekitar Kawasan Industri Manis, Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April–Juli tahun 2019 menggunakan metode penelitian Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Metode penelitian ini untuk menghitung atau memprakirakan risiko pada kesehatan manusia. Nilai RQ dinyatakan berisiko jika RQ>1.

Nilai pengukuran timbal (Pb) didapat dari dua titik sampling uji udara ambien di sekitar Kawasan Industri Manis yaitu 1,58 μg/Nm3 pada titik 1 dan 0,23 μg/Nm3 pada titik 2. Nilai rata-rata pengukuran timbal (Pb) dari kedua titik adalah 0,905 μg/Nm3. Hasil pengukuran tersebut masih dibawah Baku Mutu Udara Ambien yang ditetapkan dalam PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999. Nilai jumlah asupan pada penelitian ini dihitung secara real time dan life span. Nilai jumlah asupan pajanan timbal (Pb) dengan durasi pajanan real time yaitu 2,2038x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Sedangkan nilai jumlah asupan dengan durasi pajanan life span adalah 2,8746x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Nilai tingkat risiko dihitung dengan membandingkan antara nilai asupan (intake) dengan nilai default RfC. Nilai RfC didapatkan dari IRIS US-EPA yaitu 4,93x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Nilai tingkat risiko dihitung berdasarkan beberapa durasi pajanan mencakup real time dan life span (1, 10, 23, 30, 60, dan 100 tahun). Nilai tingkat risiko (RQ) akibat pajanan timbal (Pb) yang didapatkan adalah 0,0388; 0,194; 0,447; 0,583; 1,166; dan 1,943.

Kata kunci: Timbal (Pb), Masyarakat, Baku Mutu Udara Ambien, Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL)

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Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with an atomic number of 82 and an atomic mass of 207.2. Lead is sourced from nature, industry, and transportation. Lead from industry comes from the battery industry, chemical industry, fuel industry, and used battery smelting industries as well as from transportation derived from motor vehicle fuel. These sources of lead metal can cause lead exposure into the environment resulting in air pollution. This study aims to determine the level of health risk (Risk Quotient) due to lead exposure to the neighborhood community of Manis Industrial Zone, Banten. This research was conducted in April–July 2019 using the method of research Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL). This research method is to calculate or predict risks to human health. RQ value is stated as risk if RQ >1.

The measurement value of lead (Pb) was obtained from two ambient air test sampling points around the Manis Industrial Zone was 1.58 μg/Nm3 at the first point and 0.23 μg/Nm3 at the second point. The average value of lead (Pb) measurement from both points is 0.905 μg/Nm3. The results of these measurements are still below the Ambient Air Quality Standard according to PP No. 41 Tahun 1999. The amount of intake in this study is calculated in real time and life span. The value of lead (Pb) exposure intake with real time exposure duration was 2.2038 x10-4 mg/kg/day. While the value of the amount of intake with the duration of life span exposure is 2.8746x10-4 mg/kg/day. The value of the risk level is calculated by comparing the value of the intake with the default value of the RfC. The RfC value was obtained from IRIS US-EPA which was 4.93x10-4 mg/kg/day. Risk level values are calculated based on several exposures including real time and life span (1, 10, 23, 30, 60, and 100 years). The value of risk level (RQ) due to lead exposure (Pb) obtained is 0.0388; 0.194; 0.447; 0,583; 1,166; and 1,943.

 

Abstrak :
Indonesia sudah meratifikasi Konvensi Minamata pada tanggal 13 September 2017, dan Konvensi ini mulai berlaku sejak 16 Agustus 2017. Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) cukup massif dan memprihatinkan, khususnya di sepanjang Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Batang Hari yang merupakan DAS tebesar kedua di Indonesia. Merkuri dalam kegiatan penambangan emas digunakan sebagai pengikat dan dapat menjadi polutan di lingkungan karena bersifat toxic. Masalah yang muncul pada kegiatan PESK ini adalah limbah merkuri yang di buang langsung ke lingkungan bersifat toxic dan dapat meningkatkan risiko kesehatan masyarakat sekitar PESK. Riset ini bertujuan untuk memprakirakan risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik pada masyarakaat yang disebabkan oleh pajanan merkuri.di Kecamatan Muara Bulian Kabupaten Batanghari Provinsi Jambi Riset ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang diambil merupakan sampel lingkungan, meliputi: sampel air sungai, tanah, ikan dan sayuran. Hasil laboratorium diperoleh kadar rata-rata merkuri pada air sungai Batang Hari, air bersih, sayuran, ikan, dan tanah masing-masing sebesar 0,00831 ppm; 0,00005 ppm; 0,00089 ppm; 0,00013 ppm; dan 0,00600 ppm. Pengukuran antropometri dilakukan pada 77 responden melalui kuesioner. Hasil perhitungan risiko kesehatan diperoleh nilai Risk Quotients lebih dari satu (RQ > 1) pada air minum (RQ = 3,1151) dan pada ikan (RQ = 3,4245). Dengan demikian konsumsi air sungai dan ikan, berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat disekitar pertambangan emas skala kecil. Nilai RQ sayuran lebih kecil dari 1 (RQ = 0,015), dengan demikian sayuran masih aman untuk dikonsumsi.

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Indonesia has ratified the Minamata Convention on 13 September 2017, and the Convention came into force on 16 August 2017. Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is quite massive and concerning, particularly along the Batang Hari River Basin (DAS) which is the second largest basin in Indonesia. Mercury in gold mining activities is used as a binder and can be a pollutant in the environment because it is toxic. Problems arise from ASGM activity is mercury waste directly disposed to the environment is toxic and can increase public health risk. This study aims to aims to predict non carcinogenic health risks in the community caused by mercury exposure in Kecamatan Muara Bulian Batanghari Regency of Jambi Province. This research is analytical descriptive method using environmental health risk analysis and using quantitative approach. Samples taken are environmental samples, including: river water samples, soil, fish and vegetables. Laboratory results obtained average levels of mercury in river water Batang Hari, clean water, vegetables, fish, and soil respectively of 0.00831 ppm; 0,00005 ppm; 0.00089 ppm; 0.00013 ppm; and 0,00600 ppm. Anthropometric measurements were performed on 77 respondents through questionnaires. Health risk calculation results obtained Risk Quotients value more than one (RQ> 1) in drinking water (RQ = 3.1151) and on fish (RQ = 3.4245). Thus the consumption of river water and fish, has the potential to cause health problems in communities around small-scale gold mining. The value of vegetable RQ is less than 1 (RQ = 0.015), thus vegetables are still safe for consumption.