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Abstrak :
Indonesian general election 2004 is the second general election after the fall of Suharto's regime. There have been revolutionary changes on Indonesian general election law and system compare to Indonesian general election that took place during the New Order Regime. Indonesia general election 2004 got very large attention from around the world. Other slate were willing to assist in election by providing international observers la closely look at the fairness, impartial process of election have bee well achieved Observation on general election means gather information on the process of election and give opinions based on information which gathered by people that do not have any authority to intervene on the process. In contrast, Pengawas Pemilu (Indonesian General Election Observer) as a formal body which takes part on general election process has / duties to observe, take reports, carry on Ihe reports and settle any disputes. Therefore, Pengawas Pemilu has different functions and authorities compare to others. However, as long as people still do not have any confidence on the process regarding the fairness and neutrality of the general election committee, the role of general election observers is still very important.

Abstrak :
The intention of this article is to discuss the relationship between the processes of fiscal and political decentralization, the outbreak of communal violence, and what I call 'the new politics of tradition' in Indonesia. In 1999 under the President Jusuf Habibie, the Indonesian parliament (DPR) voted in favour of two laws, No. 22 and 25 of 1999, which promised to leave a significant share of state revenues in the hands of the regional governments. Strongly supported by the liberal ideologues of the IMF and the World Bank, the two laws were envisaged within Indonesia as a necessary step towards devolving the centralized power of New Order patrimonialism and as a way of curbing separatism and demands for autonomy by giving the regional governments the constitutional and financial wherewithal to maintain a considerable degree of self-determination. Decentralization was in other words touted as the anti-dote to communal violence and separatist tendencies-an anti-dote administered or at least prescribed by multi-national development agencies in most conflict-prone areas of the world. This paper wishes to probe this idea by looking at the conflict and post-conflict situation in North Maluku. The conflict illustrates how local elites began jockeying for political control in anticipation of decentralization. The process of decentralization is in other words not merely an anti-dote but in some cases an implicated part in the production of violence. One reason for this is simply that the decentralization of financial and political control after three decades of centralization entails a significant shift in the parameters of hegemony-a shift towards which local political entrepreneurs in the regions are bound to react. The new 'politics of tradition' currently emerging in Indonesia is the combined result of changes in global forms of governance, a strong political focus on ethnic and religious identity in the 'era reformasi' and a local willingness to employ these identities to garner support in the new political landscape of decentralization.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas teks kumpulan cerpen LTDKK dan teks film LTDKK melalui perspektif Gramscian terkait konteks masyarakat Indonesia di akhir dekade 1980-an. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menguraikan berbagai artikulasi kelompok remaja pada teks kumpulan cerpen LTDKK, serta berbagai disartikulasi terhadapnya melalui proses adaptasi. Dengan memahami kedua teks korpus sebagai medan negosiasi, penelitian ini juga menguraikan bentuk negosiasi, baik pada tataran tekstual maupun realita, serta perbedaan keberpihakan antara teks kumpulan cerpen dan teks film. Penelitian ini juga menelusuri cara tokoh-tokoh remaja dihadirkan pada teks film, sesuatu yang terkait familisme Orde Baru serta tiga pandangan stereotipikal atas remaja pada tataran realita. Simpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini ialah, perubahan modalitas pada proses adaptasi menunjukkan bentuk disartikulasi, serta menempatkan kelompok remaja secara diskursif pada posisi subordinat. Adaptasi juga diketahui penggeser keberpihakan, dari semula berpihak pada kelompok remaja melalui teks kumpulan cerpen menjadi berpihak pada kepentingan bisnis pada teks film. ...... This thesis investigates the short stories collection LTDKK and its film adaptation through Gramscian perspective related to the context of Indonesian people in the late 1980s era. The focus of this study is to describe the various articulations of youth in the short stories collection, as well as the variety of disarticulations through its adaptation process. By understanding both texts as a field of negotiations, this study also outlines the form of negotiations, both at the level of textual and reality, as well as different alignments between the text of short stories collection and its film adaptation. This study explores how the youth characters in the text presented in the film adaptation in relation to New Order familism as well as three stereotypical views on youth at the level of reality. This study concludes that change in modalities of the adaptation process resulted in shaping the various disarticulations and put the youth in the subordinate position. Adaptation also known to shift the alignments, from originally sided with the youth in the short stories collection to be favorable for business interests in its film adaptation.

Abstrak :
Perkembangan lingkungan strategis baik dalam konteks global maupun nasional telah menempatkan intelijen pada posisi yang sulit dan situasinya pada saat ini sangat kontras apabila dibandingkan dengan situasi pada masa Orde Baru. Intelijen dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengurangi kekhawatiran terhadap ancaman bangsa dan negara. Intelijen merupakan bagian dari sistem keamanan nasional yang berfungsi baik untuk memberikan deteksi dini, peringatan dini, maupun pencegahan dini melalui pengumpulan informasi, analisis strategis, dan/atau kegiatan-kegiatan kontra-intelijen melalui cara-cara cerdas termasuk operasi tertutup. Dengan fokus utama untuk mencegah pendadakan stratejik dan taktis, intelijen dimaksudkan demi terpeliharanya keutuhan wilayah, kedaulatan negara, dan keselamatan segenap bangsa. Faktor kegagalan yang paling dominan pada kasus-kasus ini terjadi karena adanya kegagalan Intelijen yang diakibatkan oleh kegagalan kepemimpinan dan kebijakan dalam mengambil keputusan. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa peran badan intelijen sebagai penyedia informasi dengan pengambil kebijakan dalam hal ini presiden, Panglima TNI, Kapolri dan pejabat serupa sangat penting dan harus bersinergi. .......Development of the strategic environment in the context of both global and national levels has put the military including intelligence units in a difficult position at the moment and the situation is in stark contrast when compared with the situation in the New Order. Intelligence can be used as a tool to reduce concerns about the threat of the nation and the state. Intelligence is part of a national security system that serves both to provide early detection, early warning, and early prevention through information gathering, strategic analysis, and or the activities of counter intelligence through clever ways including covert operations. With the main focus to prevent strategic and tactical element of surprise, intelligence intended for the maintenance of the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and the safety of the entire nation. The most dominant factor in the failure of these cases occur because of the failure of intelligence due to the failure of leadership and policy decision making. This proves that the role of intelligence agencies as providers of information to policy makers in this case the president, the commander of the TNI, the chief of Police and officials alike are very important and should be synergize.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas perempuan Minangkabau yang mendefinisikan kembali makna ?kuat? saat kemunculan Orde Baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, sementara teori dan konteks yang digunakan teori struktural, teori gender, serta konteks Minangkabau saat ini. Dengan tujuan untuk mengungkap proses tokoh perempuan Minangkabau pada masa Orde Baru dalam mendefinisikan ulang makna ?kuat?, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan konsep perempuan Minangkabau yang ?kuat? adalah yang tidak meninggalkan nilai-nilai kesopanan dan keluhuran, yang dapat bangkit dari keterpurukan dengan tidak mengerdilkan dirinya sendiri sebagai manusia bernilai di mata Tuhan dan masyarakat, serta mampu berjuang dengan mencari jalan keluar dengan memedulikan norma dan etika.

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ABSTRACT
This research discusses the Minangkabau women who redefining the meaning of "strong" in the New Order era. This research uses qualitative descriptive method, the structural theory, gender theory, and current Minangkabau context. The result indicates that the concept of "strong" Minangkabau women is those who does not leave the values of decency and nobility, can rise from adversity with no downgrades themselves as valuable people in God's eyes and in society, and who are capable of looking for solutions by considering the norms and ethics

Abstrak :
Radio merupakan salah satu media yang dapat menyampaikan informasi dengan cepat. Untuk itulah, radio digunakan sebagai salah satu media perjuangan rakyat. Ketika Orde Baru muncul, banyak bermunculan radio siaran non-pemerintah di Jakarta. Pemerintahan Orde Baru pun mengeluarkan sejumlah kebijakan untuk mengatur radio. Salah satunya PP No. 55 Tahun 1970 yang didalamnya terdapat larangan sebagai alat kegiatan politik bagi radio siaran non-pemerintah dan dilarang membuat berita. Hal tersebut menimbulkan dinamika dalam dunia radio siaran di Jakarta. Dinamika tersebut dapat dilihat pada perkembangan Radio Arief Rachman Hakim dari tahun 1970 hingga 1998. ...... Radio is a medium that can convey information quickly. For this reason, the radio is used as a medium of mass struggle. When the New Order emerged, many emerging non-government radio stations in Jakarta. New Order government also issued a number of policies to regulate radio. One of these PP. 55 of 1970 in which there is a ban on political activity as a tool for non-government broadcast radio and banned from making news. This raises the dynamics in the world of radio broadcasting in Jakarta. The dynamics can be seen in the development of radio Arief Rachman Hakim from 1970 to 1998.

Abstrak :
Tulisan ini mengkaji proses penyampaian propaganda khususnya Jawa Tengah pada tahun 1986-198. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan adalah teori komunikasi massa pada pergelaran wayang kulit. Melalui penelitian terungkap adanya kooptasi terhadap dalang dalam melakukan penyampaian pesan-pesan pemerintah Orde Baru kepada masyarakat luas. Usaha pemerintah untuk melakukan propaganda melalui dalang begitu kentara pasca Gerakan 30 September. Akibatnya, terjadi perubahan konsep pertunjukan wayag kulit. Seringkali dalam menyisipkan pesan-pesan pemerintah, baik secara implisit maupun terang-terangan. Pesan-pesan ini disampaikan melalui janturan, ginem, gending, termasuk dalam adegan limbukan dan gara-gara. Namun pementasan wayang kulit pada Orde Baru juga mendorong kreativitas para dalang dalam menciptakan lakon baru, mengubah lakon, hingga menciptakan gending-gending bernuansa pembangunan

Abstrak :
Pesantren telah menjadi bagian tradisi keislaman di Indonesia, yang menggabungkan kajian dan budaya Islam Timur Tengah dengan tradisi lokal. Penggabungan tradisi ini menciptakan Islam Indonesia memiliki karakter berbeda dengan Islam di Timur Tengah. Tulisan ini melihat peran pesantren lebih dekat dengan studi kasus pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Pesantren ini telah menjadi salah satu pesantren tertua di Indonesia, dengan peran strategis mengembangkan perdamaian dan mewarnai perjalanan peradaban di sekitarnya. Kiprah tiga pesantren menjadi perhatian utama: memediasi hubungan antar agama pasca kerusuhan Situbondo 1996, mendamaikan hubungan antara petani dan perusahaan perkebunan negara dalam pendayagunaan tanah di Bunengan dan konflik tanah

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ABSTRAK Penulisan tesis ini bertujuan untuk menjelajahi konsep Misi Amerika dan Hak Asasi Manusia Amerika dikenal sangat memperhatikan dan memainkan peranan penting dalam masalah hak asasi manusia di forum internasional. Sebagai negara adidaya, mereka amat bangga akan konsep mereka tentang masalah hak asasi manusia Senyatanya, Amerika memang dibangun lantaran rakyat Amerika ingin menegakkan kehormatan hak-hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat mereka peroleh semasa di Eropa (Inggris). Penelitian ini berupaya mengamati konsep misi Amerika, hak asasi manusia dan sikap Amerika terhadap masalah-masalah hak asasi manusia Dalam kasus di sini, sikap Amerika terhadap Indonesia, khususnya pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru (1967-1997). Penelitian ini berangkat dari sikap inkonsistensi Amerika. Di satu sisi, mereka sangat keras dan bangga menyuarakan pentingnya penegakan hak-hak asasi manusia Konsep misi merupakan suatu interpretasi Pluralisme tentang hak-hak individu, yang berasal dari Kitab Injil. Dengan menjalankan misi suci ini berarti mereka mencapai tingkat penyelamatan sesuai keyakinan rnereka, Konsep ini sendiri dapat dibaca sebagai suatu pengejahwantahan sikap religiositas masyarakat Amerika dalam membangun budayanya Namun di sisi lain, kenyataannya Amerika sering kali memperlihatkan sikap yang justru tidak memperdulikan hak asasi manusia, terutama terhadap negara atau pihak lain yang tidak mempunyai kaitan kepentingan dengannya. Olehnya itu penelitian ini berupaya memahami nilai-nilai paradoks dari budaya Amerika. Budaya paradoks ternyata merupakan cara hidup orang Amerika sebagai suatu konsekuensi logis hidup di Amerika (Tanah Baru). Budaya paradoks sendiri datang dan pertautan antara sistem nilai-nilai budaya lama dan baru di dalam atmosfer Amerika. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengandalkan data kepustakaan dari dokumen-dokumen. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik deskriptif-interpretatif, penelitian ini hendak menjawab tesis bahwa sesungguhnya Amerika senantiasa sangat konsisten dalam merealisasikan misi mereka. Konsep misi Amerika seperti yang disuarakan John Winthrop tentang `Kota Di Atas Bukit' yang diadaptasi langsung dari Kitab Injil, tak lain merupakan misi untuk membangun Amerika menjadi negara adidaya.

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ABSTRACT The Concepts of Mission. Human Rights and American's Attitude Towards New Order (1967-1997)The object of this theses is to explore the concept of American mission and human rights. America is known as very concerns and plays very-important role in human rights issues in international forum. As the only superpower nation, they are very proud of their concept of human rights. In fact, the nation are built because the American people wanted to maintain the dignity of human rights which they couldn't reach it when they were irr Europe (England). This research hies to observe the concept of American mission, human rights and the. American's attitude towards the problems of human rights. In this case, towards Indonesia, focusses on the New Order period (1967 - 1997). This study derives from the tendencies of inconsistency of the American's attitude. At one side they are very loudly and proudly announce the important of human rights. The concept of mission is an interpretation of Puritanism on individual rights which is comes directly from the Bible. By doing this sacred mission, it means they reach the level of salvation in their belief The concept of mission itself could be understood as a manifestation of the religiocity of American people in forming their culture. But at the other side, America sometime clearly shows their attitude on ignoring and han-asing human rights, especially towards such country that there's no American's intererest on it. Because of that reason this study is an effort to understand the paradox values of American culture. Paradox culture is a way of life of the American as a logic consequence din living in the land of America (New Land). Paradox culture comes from a combination of newer and old culture values system within American's atmosphere. It is an investigation which is uses qualitative research methodology, based on an intensive literature review and the exploration of the documents. And by using qualitative approach and descriptive interpretative technique, this research was to answer the theses that actually the American are always very consistent in realizing their mission. The concept of American mission that was expressed by John Winthrop as `A City Upon AMR' clearly is a mission to makes America a superpower nation.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pemerintahan Orde Baru yang berlangsung sekitar 32 tahun telah berhasil menciptakan stabilitas politik dan keamanail sehingga memungkinkan bangsa Indonesia dapat membangun bidang ekonomi guna peningkatan kesejahteraan, setidaknya selama era Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (PJP) I. Namun demikian apa yang dilakukan pemerintahan Orde Baru ini disamping adanya pujian juga mengundang sejumlah kritik. Keberhasilan pemerintahan Orde Baru dalam membangun, khususnya dalam menciptakan stabilitas politik dan keamanan, tidak lepas dari peran pembinaan Orsospol - Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, Golongan Karya dan Partai Demokrasi Indonesia - yang selama PJP I tampak efektif. Akan tetapi pada akhir PJP I dan memasuki PJP II, pembinaan terhadap Orsospol menunjukkan kecenderungan (trend) menurun, yang ditandai oleh banyaknya aksi unjuk rasa selaku refleksi rasa ketidakpuasan masyarakat. Masalah itulah yang menjadi pokok kajian tesis ini. Tujuan penelitian ialah : (1) Menelusuri faktor-faktor penyebab pembinaan Orsospol yang sangat efektif pada kurun waktu Pelita I s/d IV, tetapi efektifitas itu menurun mulai akhir Pelita V dan seterusnya; (2) Mencoba melakukan konstruksi suatu model alternatif pembinaan Orsospol yang diharapkan dapat mengakomodir tuntutan perkembangan kemajuan serta dinamika masyarakat dan dengan memperhatikan kecenderungan perubahan lingkungan strategis. Analisis masalah menggunakan pendekatan Konsepsi Ketahanan Nasional, dengan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dimana korelasi antara variabel efektivitas pembinaan Orsospol dan variabel kemajuan pembangunan dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode SWOT (strength ? weakness - opportunity - threat). Rentang waktu penelitian dibatasi antara sejak lahirnya Orde Baru (1966) sampai Pemilu 1997. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Faktor-faktor yang menjadikan pembinaan terhadap Orsospol yang dilakukan selama PJP I dirasakan efektif adalah : (a) bangsa Indonesia menaruh perhatian besar untuk membasmi komunisme pasca pengkhianatan G30S PKI; (b) berkonsentrasi pada pembangunan ekonomi; (c) adanya dukungan dunia internasional dalam upaya memberantas kemiskinan dan komunisme; (d) dwifungsi ABRI yang memperhatikan kepentingan rakyat dengan pendekatan keamanan; (e) kepemimpinan nasional yang masih berwibawa dan disegani. (2) Faktor-faktor yang menjadikan kurang efektif adalah : (a) tingkat kemajuan pendidikan dan kesadaran politik masyarakat yang semakin tinggi; (b) adanya perubahan struktur sosial dan munculnya masyarakat sipil (madani); (c) beberapa ketentuan perundang-undangan dirasakan tidak cocok lagi dengan perkembangan dinamika masyatakat; (d) pengaruh perkembangan gelombang demokratisasi internasional; (e) ketidakadilan distribusi ekonomi; (f) pelanggaran terhadap norma Pancasila dan UUD 1945. (3) Model pembinaan yang dapat mengakomodir tuntutan masyarakat adalah pembinaan yang tetap mempertahankan Pancasila dan UUD 1945 dengan memperhatikan perkembangan kemajuan masyarakat, memberikan ruang gerak bagi pemberdayaan masyarakat sipil dan tetap menjamin persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Terlepas dari berbagai kritikan terhadap kebijakan pembinaan orsospol di zaman Orde Baru, namun keberhasilannya dalam membina stabilisasi politik selama lebih 3 dekade telah mencatat rekor waktu terpanjang dalam sejarah Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang Orde Baru yang ditulis pada era Orde Reformasi ini sekaligus dapat dipandang sebagai upaya untuk menghimpun berbagai fenomena kehidupan sosial politik pada zamannya, yang mungkin takkan terulang kembali di masa datang, agar tidak tercecer dalam catatan sejarah perjalanan bangsa yang tercinta ini.

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ABSTRACT The Guidance of Social Political Organization in Indonesia during the New Order within the National Resilience Perspective For the last 32 years the new order government was in power, political stability and security were successfully achieved allowing economic development to grow for the sake of national prosperity, at least during the first long-term development plan (25 years). Although, the new order government received praises for their accomplishments, it also received criticisms. The new order government's success in ensuring political stability and security was also due to the guidance provided by the existing social-political organizations; the United Development Party (PPP), the Functional Group (Golkar) and the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDT). At the long-term development plan appeared effective. However, by the end of the first long-term development plan era, there were signs of a downward trend. This was indicated by the increasing number of protests and demonstrations reflecting the public's dissatisfaction. Therefore, it is this issue that has become the primary study of this thesis. The objectives of this study are: (1) To discover the factors that caused the guidance given by these social-political organizations to be less effective by the end of the 5th five year development plan period; (2) To construct an alternative guidance model that is expected to accommodate all the demands of the people and the dynamics of the society without neglecting the trend of the change of strategic environment. The analysis will use the approach of National Resilience Concepts along with the descriptive quality design. The correlation between the social-political organization's (SPO) guidance effectiveness variable and the development advancement variable are compared with the SWOT (strength-weakness-opportunity-threat) method. The time frame of this study begins at the start of the new order government (1966) up to the general elections of May 1997. The results of this study are: (1) The factors attributed to the effectiveness of the SPO's guidance during the first long-term development plan are: (a) The Indonesian people placed all of their attention on the eradication of communism after the failed coup attempt by the Indonesian Communist Party, PKI; (b) Full concentration on economic development; (c) The existence of international support in an effort to eradicate poverty and communism; (d) The implementation of ABRI's dual function doctrine in hopes to serve the public's interest through the assurance of security approach; (e) Good governance and strong national leadership. (2) The factors contributing to the decline in effectiveness are: (a) The rise in the level of education and the increase of the public's political awareness; (b) The change of social structure and civil society; (c) Regulations and laws that are regarded incompatible with the advancement in social dynamics; (d) Influence of international issue of democratization; (e) Injustices in the distribution of national wealth; (f) Violations against the norms of the Pancasila state ideology and the 1945 Constitution. (3) An alternate guidance model that will accommodate the public's demand is the adaptation and implementation of the Pancasila state ideology and the 1945 Constitution. While developments in society, noting to allow movements that will enable the empowerment of a civil society and assure national unity at the same time. Despite criticisms of the policies undertaken by the SPOs during the new order period, its success in maintaining political stability for approximately three decades, is a record in Indonesia's history. Therefore, this study on the New Order during the present Reform Era is a means to understand the phenomenon of the social-political life during that time. Thus, to ensure that mistakes made in the past do not repeat themselves and to not forget the endeavors made in this nation's journey.