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Abstrak :
Orthodontic space closure of every single patient should be planned individually based on the diagnosis and treatment plan. Failure on this procedure due to anchorage loss will inhibit correction of the bimaxillary protrusion because mesial movement of the posterior teeth occupied most of the premolar extraction space. The diagnosis and treatment plan should be considered carefully especially those of the amount of crowding, anchorage, axial inclination of canine and incisors, midline discrepancies and left/right symmetry, also the vertical dimension. In general there were two methods of space closure, non-sliding mechanics and sliding mechanics. To achieve space closure with the movement of the teeth desired, we must planned the anchorage control strategies. Differential force system are an excellent means in anchorage control, where the M/F ratio of the anchor teeth must be stronger then the teeth which moved.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 408-411 Radiography is very useful as diagnostic aids and is widely used in dentistry. Panoramic radiography, as an inherent part of orthodontic examination, is a very usetul in evaluating the condition of the jaw. This paper will discuss the role of panoramic radiography examination in pathologic condition and abnormalities of teeth and jaw to support the treatment planning of orthodontic treatment.

Abstrak :
Children are a nation's greatest inheritance shaping the country's future. In Indonesia, it is estimated that almost 40% of the population or around 85 million are children who are in their developing years. One of a parents' roles is to observe that their children's dental structure is growing suitably for their age. Most parents have a concern that their children have (or will have) a malocclusion or malposition caused by combined features of disharmony in their teeth. Such a disharmony will affect the overall facial structure development process, e.g. in the jaw, facial bones and soft tissues such as lips, cheeks and even the tongue. Should such condition occur on a child, it may have a negative psychological affect on a growing child, such as causing low self-esteem. A child's dental development needs parents' special attention as it concerns their overall dental health. On the other hand, many parents do not have proper knowledge of the normal dental growth/development. In case of abnormal development the parents should at least know whether or not their child needs orthodontic care. With the Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicator (OCNI) the parents can easily determine at an early stage whether or not the child needs to have an orthodontic treatment. The OCNI involves a set of question to parents and child regarding the child's dental development, and has a simple a self-assessment-based scoring with the help of a dentist as consultant. An OCNI score intends to achieve a better orthodontic treatment process for the potential patient, to improve the quality of the child's dental health and to achieve healthy and productive teeth.