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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang Cedera otak traumatis atau traumatic brain injury (TBI) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak, orang dewasa hingga umur 24 tahun, dan lansia dengan umur >75 tahun.1–3 Di Amerika Serikat terdapat sekitar 2,87 juta kasus pasien cedera otak traumatis, dimana 2,5 juta pasien masuk ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat, termasuk lebih dari 812.000 pasien anak-anak. Di Indonesia sendiri, menurut Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi kejadian cedera kepala di Indonesia berada pada angka 11,9%.2 Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengumpulan serta pengolahan data terkait profil diagnosis cedera kepala yang dioperasi. Data yang terkumpul dapat digunakan oleh pihak terkait untuk menilai resiko, prevalensi, diagnosis, dan tatalaksana operatif cedera kepala. Metode Metode penelitian melibatkan data retrospektif terhadap pasien yang menjalani tatalaksana operatif akibat cedera kepala di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan metode consecutive sampling. Hasil Populasi yang masuk dalam kriteri studi berjumlah 219 pasien. Terdiri dari, 176 pria (80,37%) dan 43 wanita (19,63%) dengan rata-rata umur 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur remaja akhir (17-25 tahun) (Tabel 1 & 2). Diagnosis tersering yang ditemukan adalah epidural hematoma sebesar 54,34% (n = 119). Jenis tatalaksana tersering adalah kraniotomi (54,74%; n = 120). Dari 219 mengenai GCS dan penyebab trauma tersedia untuk 80 pasien. GCS 14-15 atau mild TBI adalah pasien terbanyak (43,59%; n = 34), dengan penyebab terbanyak adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas (63,75%; n = 51) Kesimpulan Pasien cedera kepala yang dioperasi di RSCM pada tahun 2016-2020, umumnya mengalami mild TBI (GCS 14-15). Peneybab tersering adalah akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 4 : 1. Rata-rata umur pasien adalah 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 17-25 tahun. Epidural hematoma adalah diagnosis yang tersering yang ditemukan pada populasi studi. Kemudian jenis tatalaksana yang tersering adalah kraniotomi. ......Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability in children, adults up to 24 years of age, and elderly people aged >75 years. 1–3 In the United States there are approximately 2, 87 million cases of traumatic brain injury patients, of which 2.5 million patients were admitted to the Emergency Department, including more than 812,000 pediatric patients. In Indonesia itself, according to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of head injuries in Indonesia is 11.9%.2 In this research, data will be collected and processed regarding the diagnosis profile of head injuries that are operated on. The collected data can be used by related parties to assess the risk, prevalence, diagnosis and operative management of head injuries. Methods The research method involved retrospective data on patients who underwent operative treatment for head injuries at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2016 to 2020. This research design used an observational descriptive design with a consecutive sampling method. Results The population included in the study criteria was 219 patients. Consisting of 176 men (80.37%) and 43 women (19.63%) with an average age of 28.66. The largest age group is the late teenage age group (17-25 years) (Table 1 & 2). The most common diagnosis found was epidural hematoma at 54.34% (n = 119). The most common type of treatment was craniotomy (54.74%; n = 120). Of the 219 questions regarding GCS and causes of trauma were available for 80 patients. GCS 14-15 or mild TBI was the most common patient (43.59%; n = 34), with the most common cause being traffic accidents (63.75%; n = 51). Conclusion Head injury patients operated on at RSCM in 2016-2020 generally experienced mild TBI (GCS 14-15). The most common cause is a traffic accident. The number of male patients compared to female is 4: 1. The average age of patients is 28.66. The largest age group is the 17-25 year age group. Epidural hematoma was the most common diagnosis encountered in the study population. Then the most common type of treatment is craniotomy.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Cedera kepala merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius yang dapat menyebabkan kematian, kecacatan fisik dan kecacatan mental. Cedera kepala dapat menyebabkan sel astrosit rusak sehingga mengeluarkan protein S 100B yang dapat dideteksi didalam darah perifer, sehingga dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi tingkat keparahan cedera kepala yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar protein S 100B dengan tingkat keparahan cedera kepala. Metode. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang untuk mengetahui kadar protein S 100B pada pasien cedera kepala akut onset kurang dari 24 jam. Subyek penelitian sejumlah 85 pasien yang datang berobat ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM sejak bulan maret ? juni 2015. Dilakukan penilaian GCS, lamanya tidak sadarkan diri, lamanya amnesia pasca trauma dengan bantuan alat TOAG, pemeriksaan CT Scan dan pemeriksaan serum protein S 100B. Hasil. Didapatkan kadar rerata protein S 100B serum 0,77 μg/L, rerata durasi amnesia 21,22 jam, rerata nilai GCS 13. Terdapat perbedaan kadar protein S 100B pada CKR (rerata 0,4175) dibandingkan dengan pada CKS dan CKB (1,0722) (p=0,020), nilai titik potong kadar protein S 100B pasien yang meninggal 0,765 μg/L (p= 0,002). Simpulan. Kadar rerata protein S 100B pada cedera kepala ringan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kadar protein S 100B pada cedera kepala sedang dan berat, semakin tinggi kadar protein S 100B akan semakin tidak baik keluaran pasien cedera kepala. ...... Background. Traumatic brain injury is still a serious community health problem can cause death, physical and mental disability. Protein S 100B release from destructive astrocyte from brain injury and detected in the peripheral blood, so that protein S 100B can serve as predictor of severity traumatic brain injury. This research aimed to find association between protein S 100B with traumatic brain injury severity. Method. This was a cross sectional study focusing to protein S 100B value from acute traumatic brain injury patients with onset < 24 hours. Eighty five patients were recruited from emergency room RSCM. GCS value, duration of post traumatic amnesia with TOAG tools, duration loss of consciousness, brain CT scan and concentration serum protein S 100B were record. Results. The mean concentration serum Protein S 100B were 0.77, mean PTA duration were 21,22 hours, and the mean GCS were 13. There is a significant differentiation value of concentration protein S 100B from mild trumatic brain injury compare moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (p=0,020), cut off point for death patients was 0,765 μg/L. Conclusion. The mean serum Protein S 100 B from mild trumatic brain injury lower than moderate and severe traumatic brain injury higher consentration of protein S 100B have bad outcome.

Abstrak :
A comprehensive introduction to evaluating and treating patients with traumatic brain injuries, this second edition of a bestseller features new information regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of brain injury as well as structural and functional imaging in the assessment of traumatic brain injury, including functional MRI, PET scanning, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With expanded discussions of brain-injury malingering and family dynamics, this revised and updated text gives an overview of state-of-the-art techniques and discusses new pharmacological treatments, acquired psychopathy, and test instruments for assessing behavior.