Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini membahas mengenai hubungan merokok dengan hiperkolesterolemia LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) pada kelompok pekerja di wilayah Jalan Raya Bogor tahun 2012 ? 2014. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah pasien yang menderita hiperkolesterolemia mengalami kenaikan berdasarkan data administrasi laboratorium / rekap Caya Laboratorium dan Klinik Kota depok pada tahun 2012 ? 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan merokok dengan hiperkolesterolemia LDL pada kelompok pekerja di wilayah Jalan Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini merupakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dengan hiperkolesterolemia LDL dengan nilai P value 0.00. Kelompok pekerja dengan kriteria perokok ringan mempunyai peluang menderita hiperkolesterolemia LDL 2.91 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang tidak merokok dan perokok sedang berat mempunyai peluang menderita hiperkolesterolemia 5.07 kali lebih besar dari pada pekerja yang tidak merokok.

---

ABSTRACT

This research explained about the relationship of smoking with hypercholesterolemia LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) in the group of workers in the area of Jalan Raya Bogor in 2012 - 2014. The problems in this research are patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia increased based on administrative data at Caya and Clinical Laboratory Depok in 2012 - 2014. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship of smoking with LDL hypercholesterolemia in the group of workers in the area of Jalan Raya Bogor. This research is an analytic survey with cross sectional approach. This research showed a significant association between smoking and LDL hypercholesterolemia with P value 0.00. Worker groups with the criteria of light smokers had 2.91 times the chance of suffering from LDL hypercholesterolemia larger than the workers who did not smoke and were heavy smokers have a chance of suffering from LDL hypercholesterolemia 5.07 times greater than on workers who do not smoke

"

"Latar belakang: Penggunaan tembakau menimbulkan ketergantungan nikotin sehingga proses berhenti merokok menjadi sulit dan membutuhkan bantuan khusus. Keterbatasan terapi berhenti merokok di Indonesia mendorong lahirnya terapi farmakologi alternatif. Hasil penelitian preklinik menunjukkan terdapat peluang efektivitas N-acetylcistein (NAC) terhadap berhenti merokok.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan uji acak plasebo terkontrol pada perokok yang dilakukan selama Januari-Desember 2018. Sebanyak 90 perokok mendapatkan perlakuan yang dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu NAC 2x1200 mg dan plasebo selama 4 minggu. Pengamatan dilakukan pada minggu ke 1,2,3 dan 4. Pada akhir perlakuan dilakukan penilaian abstinence rate (AR), nilai withdrawal dan craving.Hasil: Nilai AR pada kelompok NAC sebesar 37,7% sementara kelompok plasebo 6,7%. Pada variabel demografi yang bermakna terhadap abstinence adalah skor Fagestorm, motivasi dan nilai CO ekshalasi dasar dan percobaan berhenti merokok sebelumnya. Pada variabel akhir penelitian yaitu nilai CO ekshalasi akhir, jumlah rokok akhir, nilai withdrawal akhir dan nilai craving akhir bermakna secara statistik ( nilai p <0,001)Kesimpulan: Abstinence rate pada kelompok NAC lebih superior dibandingkan kelompok plasebo. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan dengan durasi pemberian lebih panjang dan pengamatan terhadap continues abstinance rate (CAR).

---

Background: Tobacco cigarette smoking often resulted in nicotine dependence which caused difficulties in smoking cessation program which in turn requiring smokers to seek professional help. However, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation was limited in Indonesia. Preclinical studies suggested n-acetylcysteine (NAC) might able to reduce withdrawal and craving symptoms for substance dependence particularly nicotine addiction among smokers.

Methods : This placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted between January to December 2018. This study randomly grouped 90 cigarette smokers into NAC-treated (NAC 1200 mg bid) and placebo group whose four weeks of treatment was observed. The study objective was to compare abstinence rate (AR), withdrawal, and craving symptoms using scoring system at the end of the study.

Results : The AR in NAC-treated group was 37.7% and in placebo group was 6.7%. Fagerstrom score of nicotine dependence, motivation, and base exhaled CO concentration were related to abstinence. Decrease of daily cigarette consumption and exhaled CO concentration, and changes in withdrawal and craving score, were observed among the smokers by the end of the study.

Conclusion : This preliminary study suggested feasibility and efficacy of NAC for smoking cessation. Follow-up study of NAC on AR should be carried out."

"Menopause merupakan suatu Menopause merupakan suatu kondisi fisiologis normal yang umumnya terjadi pada usia 44,6 sampai dengan 52 tahun. Adanya pengaruh genetik, autoimun, iatrogenic dan idiopatik diduga dapat menyebabkan menopause terjadi lebih cepat. Kondisi ini berkaitan dengan infertilitas dan peningkatan risiko terjadinya penyakit tidak menular dan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status merokok dengan kejadian menopause dini di Indonesia tahun 2012. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan disain cross sectional menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 melibatkan 4.973 perempuan usia 45-49 tahun. Untuk menguji hubungan tersebut dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan regresi cox. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa perempuan perokok berisisko 1,5 kali untuk mengalami menopause dini dibandingkan dengan perempuan yang tidak merokok setelah dikontrol dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal (PRadjusted = 1,49, 95% CI = 0,99 - 2,24, nilai p = 0,052).

---

Menopause is physiological condition which usually occurs at 44,6 to 52 years. The influence of genetic, autoimmune, infection, and idiopathic thought to cause early menopause. This condition is associated with fertility and increased risk of non communicable disease and mortality.

The objectives of present study is to investigate the association between smoking status and early menopause in Indonesia year 2012. A cross-sectional study of IDHS data analysis was conducted on 4973 Indonesian women, ranging in age between 45-49 years. We applied cox regression analyses (crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR)) to examine the association between smoking status and early menopause.

This study shows that women smokers 1,5 times the risk for early menopause compared with non smokers after controlled use of hormonal contraceptives (PRadjusted = 1,49, 95% CI = 0,99 - 2,24, p value = 0,052)."

"Smoking has detrimental effects on asthma sympom control and response to treatment and is prevalent among astma patients in South Korea. The aim of study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among asthma patients in South Korea and to compare the medication regimens of astma patients who do and do not smoke. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2010 to January 2011. Participating physicians (N=25) recorded demographic and clinical data on all astma patients presenting during the study period (N=2,032), and then recruited a subset of patients (N=500) for the survey such that half were self-reported current smokers. Recruited patients were between the ages of 18 and 60. In South Korea, physicians are well aware of the smoking status of their patients. However smoking status did not affect the prescribed medication regimens of this population of asthma patients."