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Abstrak :
A fabrication and application of planar micro-lens is presented in this thesis. With the goal of alignment free of the optical component, a branching circuit have been considered. Even now, the alignment of optical components is still a problem. The advantages of the branching circuit consists of planar micro-lens is easy to connect with other optical component. Since integration of optical subsystems which allows the easy alignment and high efficiency is strongly required for future networks. But, the easier fabrication and complete alignment free of the system will be continued. In this study, the optical micro-device component which using axial focusing scheme of planar micro-lens is carried outs and the easy aligning optical system technology will be discussed.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air mata dan perubahan densitas sel goblet dengan penggunaan lensa kontak silikon hidrogel lotrafilcon B pada penggunaan daily wear dan extended wear 6 malam berturut-turut. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis intervensi randomisasi tersamar tunggal. Sebanyak lima puluh enam subyek yang telah di randomisasi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok n = 28 di masing-masing kelompok. Kedua kelompok memakai lensa kontak hidrogel silikon Lotrafilcon B secara daily wear vs extended wear. Parameter klinis Non-Invasif Break Up Time NIBUT, densitas sel goblet PAS, Interblink Interval IBI dan Ocular Protection Index OPI. Terdapat perbedaan NIBUT dan densitas sel goblet bermakna pada minggu ke 4 antara dua kelompok p 0,015 dan p.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate tear film quality and goblet cell density changes with the use of soft contact lenses of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon B on daily wear and extended wear in 1 month. This is single blind randomized clinical trial. A total of fifty six subjects who had been consecutively randomized were divided into two groups n 28 in each. Both groups were wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses Lotrafilcon B, the first group used daily wear and the second group used extended wear 6 consecutive nights. The clininal evaluation of the eyes in each group were performed on pre fitting, 1st week and 4th week after contact lens fitting. The clinical parameter were Non Invasive Break Up Time NIBUT using Tearscope PlusTM, goblet cell density using conjunctival impression cytologies CIC with Periodic Acid Schiff PAS Staining, Interblink Interval IBI and Ocular Protection Index OPI. In this study obtained more female sex subjects than men with a ratio of 3.6 1. There was a significant mean NIBUT difference at week 4 between two groups p 0,015. There was a decrease in goblet cell density in both groups with significant differences p.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kualitas sistem optik pengiihatan lensa intraokular (IOL) asferik Teenis TN ZA9003, Aeryso~ SN60WF and Akreos TM MI60. Metode: Penelitian prospektif, uji klinis, aeak dan tersamar tunggal. Sebanyak 30 pasien katarak yang menjalani fakoemulsifikasi dialokasi seeara aeak menjadi 3 kelompok: TeenisTM ZA9003 (10 mata), Aeryso~ SN60WF (10 mata) dan Akreos™ MI60 (10 mata). Parameter utama yang dinilai adalah Strehl ratio (SR) dan modulation transfer function (MTF). Aberasi sferis internal dan sensitivitas kontras setiap kelompok juga dinilai dan dianalisa sebagai parameter tambahan. Pemeriksaan pada seluruh subyek penelitian dilakukan 1 minggu setelah operasi. Hasil: Rerata SR dan MTF antara kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna baik pada diameter pupil 3,4 dan 5 nun (p>0.05). Aberasi sferis internal menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok Teenis dan Akreos pada diameter pupil 3,4 dan 5 nun (p<0.05) juga antara kelompok Aerysof dan Akreos pada diameter pupil 4 dan 5 nun (p<0.05). Namun perbedaan ini tidak dijumpai antara kelompok Teenis dan Aerysof pada semua diameter pupil (p>0.05). Rerata sensitivitas kontras tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara ketiga kelompok (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Ketiga IOL asferik tersebut menunjukkan kualitas optik yang setara dinilai dari SF dan MTF. Akreos™ MI60 memberikan aberasi sferis internal yang lebih positif pada pupil mesopik. Hasil penelitian ini memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat sistem pengukur panjang fokus lensa berbasis mikrokontroler. Sistem pengukur panjang fokus lensa ini menggunakan sensor cahaya berupa LDR untuk mendeteksi tingkat intensitas cahaya yang dibiaskan oleh lensa. Cahaya sejajar yang dipancarkan oleh sumber jatuh tegak lurus terhadap garis utama lensa, kemudian diteruskan oleh lensa cembung menuju titik fokus lensa. LDR yang berfungsi sebagai detektor akan digerakkan oleh motor dc menuju titik fokus lensa. Kemudian detektor tersebut akan berhenti dan kembali ke tempat awal. Rotary encoder yang terletak didalam motor dc berfungsi untuk membaca putaran motor dc tersebut. Mikrokontroler disini berfungsi memerintahkan motor dc untuk menggerakkan detektor sekaligus membaca ADC pada LDR dan membaca perpindahan detektor tersebut. Kemudian akan dihasilkan jarak fokus lensa yang ditampilkan oleh LCD. Alat yang telah dibuat kurang akurasi namun cukup presisi dengan nilai deviasi rata-rata sebesar ± 1 mm. ......In this research has been made the focal length of lens measuring systems based on microcontroller. Lens focal length measuring system uses a LDR light sensor to detect the level of intensity of light refracted by the lens. Parallel light emitted by the source falls perpendicular to the main line of the lens, then passed by a convex lens toward the focusing lens. LDR which serves as the detector will be driven by a dc motor to the lens focal point. Then the detector will stop and return to the initial position. Rotary encoder located inside the dc motor is used to read the dc motor rotation. Microcontroller ordered a dc motor to drive the detector as well as read the ADC on the LDR and read the detector displacement. Then will the resulting focal length lens that is displayed by the LCD. The system that have been made has less accuracy but sufficient precision to the value of the average deviation of ± 1 mm.

Abstrak :
Common reflection surface (CRS) stack merupakan metode baru yang digunakan untuk menentukan ZO section pada kumpulan data seismik refleksi. Jika metode stacking konvensional membutuhkan model kecepatan untuk memberikan hasil yang tepat, CRS stack tidak bergantung pada model kecepatan tersebut. Operator CRS justru bergantung kepada tiga atribut gelombang yang menjelaskan respon refleksi kinematik medium. CRS stack memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional biasa, karena CRS stack tidak hanya menggunakan data dari CMP yang sama saja, tetapi juga melibatkan CMP yang berdekatan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu kriteria penentuan CMP berdekatan tersebut, yaitu aperture. Pemilihan aperture bergantung kepada kedalaman zona target dan juga kelengkungan reflektor. Selain itu, besarnya aperture yang digunakan dibatasi oleh zona Fresnel. Pemilihan aperture yang tepat akan memberikan hasil stacking terbaik dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga hal ini bisa mengurangi biaya komputasi.

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Common reflection surface (CRS) stack offer a new method to obtain ZO section for multi-coverage reflection data. Whereas conventional imaging method require a macro-velocity model to yield appropriate results, CRS stack does not depend on macro-velocity model. CRS stacking operator depends on three wavefield attributes that represent kinematic multicoverage reflection response. CRS stack gives better image than conventional stack, because CRS stack not only provides data from the same CMP, but also from neighboring CMP. Because of that, we need criteria to choose neighboring CMP, that is aperture. This aperture depends on the deep of target zone and the curvature of reflector. Beside that, the aperture stacking is limited by Fresnel zone. The right aperture will yield best image on the short time, so that it can reduce computation cost.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Pengetahuan dan perawatan lensa kontak yang baik merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi keamanan dan risiko komplikasi akibat penggunaan lensa kontak. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan materi edukasi yang valid dan dapat digunakan sebagai standar materi edukasi bagi penjual lensa kontak sehingga informasi yang akurat dapat diberikan kepada seluruh pengguna lensa. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang terdiri dari 2 tahap, yaitu pengembangan materi edukasi dan validasi. Pengembangan materi edukasi diawali dengan tinjauan pustaka dan kesepakatan ahli melalui metode modifikasi Delphi. Item materi edukasi yang telah melalui seleksi ahli kemudian dibuat menjadi brosur, presentasi, dan checklist untuk divalidasi kepada penjual dan pengguna lensa kontak. Hasil: Item materi edukasi yang disepakati melalui metode modifikasi Delphi berjumlah 38 item materi. Nilai validasi konstruk materi edukasi adalah 3,54. Kesimpulan: Materi edukasi termasuk dalam kategori sangat valid sehingga dapat dipakai sebagai materi edukasi bagi penjual dan pengguna lensa kontak di Indonesia. ......Background: The safety and risk of complications from contact lens use are influenced by factors such as proper knowledge and maintenance. Objective: To produce valid educational materials that can be used as standard educational materials for contact lens sellers in order to provide accurate information. Methods: This research is a qualitative research that consists of two stages, namely the development of educational material and validation. The development of educational materials began with a literature review and expert agreement through Delphi modification methods. Educational material that had been selected by experts were then made into brochures, presentations, and checklists for validation to the sellers and contact lens users. Results: There were 38 different educational materials that were agreed upon using the Delphi modification method. The construct validation value of the education material is 3,54. Conclusion: The educational material falls into the extremely valid category and can be utilized by Indonesian contact lens wearers and salespeople.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal yang bertujuan membandingkan TIO antara terapi timolol hydrogel 0,1% (®Cendo Timol hydrogel*) satu kali sehari dengan timolol tetes 0,5% (®Cendo Timol ED*) dua kali sehari pada pada glaukoma primer kronis terkontrol. Sebanyak 45 pasien dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok. Dilakukan pemeriksaan TIO diurnal menggunakan applanasi Goldmann pada minggu keempat (pk.07.00±2 jam) dan minggu kedelapan (pk.12.00±2 jam dan pk.17.00±2 jam). Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan timolol hydrogel 0,1% satu kali sehari mempunyai kemampuan mempertahankan TIO setara dengan timolol tetes 0,5% dua kali sehari.

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ABSTRACT
This was a prospective, single blind randomized clinical trial. The purpose of this study was to compare IOP between the use of timolol hydrogel 0,1% (®Cendo Timol hydrogel*) once daily and timolol solution 0,5% (®Cendo Timol ED*) two times daily on controlled chronic primary glaucoma. Forty five patients divided randomly into two groups. Diurnal IOP measurement was followed using Goldmann applanation at the fourth week (07.00 AM ± 2 hours) and the eighth week (12.00 noon ± 2 hours and 05.00 PM ± 2 hours). The result of this study was timolol hydrogel 0,1% once daily have the ability to maintain IOP equal to timolol eyedrop 0,5% twice daily.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian tentang pencitraan elektromagnetik terutama untuk gelombang microwave sebenarnya telah lama dilakukan tetapi terhambat dikarenakan kekurangan daya komputasi, dan tahun akhir-akhir ini mulai banyak peneliti yang melakukan penelitian sebanding berkembang teknologi dan kecepatan komputasi. Permasalahan utama dalam pencitraan microwave adalah mencari solusi invers dan mengimplementasikan dalam komputasi. Pada penelitian telah digunakan pendekatan Born dalam mencari solusi invers dan diimplementasikan dalam bentuk komputasi mengunakan MATLAB. Secara keseluruhan rekontruksi citra mengunakan metoda pendekatan Born telah berhasil menentukan keberadaan dan posisi objek sederhana dalam suatu bidang untuk mendapatkan pola rekonstruksi objek yang rumit diperlukan metoda pendekatan Born dari dataset COMSOL diperlukan minimal sensor 36 x 36 untuk dapat mengidentifikasi objek.

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ABSTRACT Research on electromagnetic imaging, especially for microwave has long done but is hampered due to lack of computing power, and the late start to many researchers who conduct research developing comparable technology and computing speed. The main problem in microwave imaging is seeking and implementing solutions in computing the inverse . In the studies have used the Born approximation in finding solutions to the inverse and implemented in the form of computing using MATLAB . Overall reconstruction of images using the method of Born approximation has been able to determine the presence and position of a simple object in a field to get the pattern reconstruction of objects elaborate the necessary methods of Born approximation from dataset COMSOL required minimum sensor 36 x 36 to be able to identify the object .;Research on electromagnetic imaging, especially for microwave has long done but is hampered due to lack of computing power, and the late start to many researchers who conduct research developing comparable technology and computing speed. The main problem in microwave imaging is seeking and implementing solutions in computing the inverse . In the studies have used the Born approximation in finding solutions to the inverse and implemented in the form of computing using MATLAB . Overall reconstruction of images using the method of Born approximation has been able to determine the presence and position of a simple object in a field to get the pattern reconstruction of objects elaborate the necessary methods of Born approximation from dataset COMSOL required minimum sensor 36 x 36 to be able to identify the object ., Research on electromagnetic imaging, especially for microwave has long done but is hampered due to lack of computing power, and the late start to many researchers who conduct research developing comparable technology and computing speed. The main problem in microwave imaging is seeking and implementing solutions in computing the inverse . In the studies have used the Born approximation in finding solutions to the inverse and implemented in the form of computing using MATLAB . Overall reconstruction of images using the method of Born approximation has been able to determine the presence and position of a simple object in a field to get the pattern reconstruction of objects elaborate the necessary methods of Born approximation from dataset COMSOL required minimum sensor 36 x 36 to be able to identify the object .]