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"Dalam rangka untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu, Rumah Sakit harus menjamin bahwa setiap proses yang dilakukan berjalan dengan baik tanpa adanya kesalahan. Dewasa ini peran laboratorium klinik adalah demikian pentingnya pada sistem pengobatan dewasa ini karena lebih dari 70% pengambilan keputusan klinis didasarkan pada hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, sehingga mngatlah panting untuk meminimalkan timbulnya kesalahan hasil laboratorium. Data yang didapatkan di RS Global Medika menunjukkan angka kesalahan hasil pemeriksaan lahoratorium adalah 0,29%, yang walaupun masih dalam kisaran normal menumt penelinan Bonini, menimbulkan pengaruh terhadap terapi dan tindak lanjut terhadap kondisi medis pasien. Kesalahan dapat tetjadi akibat timbulnya kegagalan dalam alur proses, \mtuk itulah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidcntiiikasi potensi kegagalan dan menganalisa potensi akar penyebab kcgagalan yang mengakibatkan kesalahan hasil laboratorium tersebut. Untuk mengidentifikasi potensi akar penyebab kesalahan hasil laboratorium, peneliti melakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion untuk data primer dan obscrvasi eksplomtif untuk data seklmder di Unit Rawat Inap, Rawat Jalan dan Unit Laboratorium RS Global Medika dari tanggal 19 Februari - 31 Mei 2008. Dari data yang didapatkan dilakukan analisa FMEA untuk mengidentifikasi potensi kegagalan dan RCA untuk mendapatkan potensi akar penyebab kesalahan hasil laboratorium. Peneliti menggunakan triangulasi data, sumber dan metode untuk validasi data penelitian. Dari peneljtian yang dilakukan didapatkan potensi aka: penyebab kesalahan hasil pemeriksaan laboratodum adalah proscs rckruitmen yang belum dilakukan sesuai dengan SOP. Prioritas potensi kegagalan dalam alur proses yang ditemukan adalah tcknik pcnanganan sampel yang tidak baik, tidak dilakukannya veriiikasi hasil, dan kesalahan membaca print-out dari alat. Dari penelitian juga diketahui bahwa SOP Pelayanan Laboraiorium yang ada belum lengkap. Dari potensi aka: masalah yang ditcmukan dibcrikan saran perbaikan untuk Asisten Manajer Umum & SDM, unit Diklat, QMR, dan Manajer Medis agar dapat meminimalkan timbulnya kesalahan hasil laboratorium.

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In order to give a high quality service, hospital must assure that every process works properly wit:h no failure. In theurapetical system nowadays, the role of clinical laboratory is so important that more than 70% of clinical decision making is based on laboratory result This fact shows the importance of minimizing the occurrence of laboratory result error. Data shows that the percentage of laboratory result error in RS Global Medika is 0,29%. Even though still in normal range according to Bonini’s research, it aiects the therapy and evaluation of the patients medical condition. Errors may happen ifthere's a failure occurs in a process. That is why a research is needed to identify potential failure of the process and to analyze the potential root cause of the failme that may cause laboratory result en~or. A qualitative research is done to identify the root cause of laboratory result error with deep interview and Focus Group Discussion for primary data, and explolative observation for secondary data in Inpatient Unit, Outpatient Unit, and Laboratory Unit RS Global Medika on February I9 - Mei 31, 2008. From the data obtained, a FMEA is used to identify potential failure of the process and RCA to analyze the potential root cause of the failure that may cause laboratory result error. In order to validate the data, researcher is using source, data, and method triangulation. From the research, it known that the potential root cause of the problem is that the standard procedure of staff recruitment is not completely done by the human resource departement. Researcher found that unappropriate sample handling, ver'cadon of laboratory result is not done, and miss~read of the result are the priority of potential failures. It is also known that the SOP of Laboraiory Service is uncomplete. An improvement advice is given to the Assisstant Manager of General Affair & Human Resource, Training & Development Unit, QMR, and Medical Manager to the laboratory result error."

"Praktik laboratorium yang baik menuntut penggunaan peralatan gelas yang bersih. Hal ini dikarenakan hasil pengujian sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan kerja yang bersih dan memadai. Studi pembersihan alat-alat gelas di laboratorium quality control PT CKD Otto Pharmaceuticals dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi bahwa pencucian secara manual terhadap alat-alat gelas telah optimal membersihkan alat-alat gelas dan tidak meninggalkan residu. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan melihat parameter pengujian pH, total organic carbon, dan conductivity dari air yang digunakan untuk membilas alat gelas yang telah dilakukan pencucian secara manual.Studi pembersihan metode pencucian alat-alat gelas di laboratorium memenuhi semua kriteria spesifikasi. Prosedur pencucian yang diterapkan pada semua alat-alat gelas di laboratorium quality control di PT CKD Otto Pharmaceuticals sudah efektif untuk membersihkan semua alat-alat gelas yang terbebas dari residu bahan aktif dan eksipien.

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Good laboratory practice requires the use of clean glassware. This is because the test results are strongly influenced by a clean and adequate work environment. A study on cleaning glassware in the quality control laboratory of PT CKD Otto Pharmaceuticals was conducted to evaluate that manually washing glassware has optimally cleaned glassware and left no residue. The evaluation was carried out by looking at the testing parameters for pH, total organic carbon, and the conductivity of the water used to rinse glassware that had been washed manually. The study of cleaning methods for washing glassware in the laboratory met all specification criteria. The washing procedure applied to all glassware in the quality control laboratory at PT CKD Otto Pharmaceuticals has been effective in cleaning all glassware free from residues of active ingredients and excipients."

"The unexpected and premature passing away of Professor Ebrahim H. "Abe" Mamdani on January, 22, 2010, was a big shock to the scientific community, to all his friends and colleagues around the world, and to his close relatives. Professor Mamdani was a remarkable figure in the academic world, as he contributed to so many areas of science and technology. Of great relevance are his latest thoughts and ideas on the study of language and its handling by computers.The fuzzy logic community is particularly indebted to Abe Mamdani (1941-2010) who, in 1975, in his famous paper An Experiment in Linguistic Synthesis with a Fuzzy Logic Controller, jointly written with his student Sedrak Assilian, introduced the novel idea of fuzzy control. This was an elegant engineering approach to the modeling and control of complex processes for which mathematical models were unknown or too difficult to build, yet they could effectively and efficiently be controlled by human operators. This ground-breaking idea has found innumerable applications and can be considered as one of the main factors for the proliferation and adoption of fuzzy logic technology.This book constitutes a posthumous homage to Abe Mamdani. It is a collection of original papers related in some way to his works, ideas and vision, and especially written by researchers directly acquainted with him or with his work. "

"The purpose of this book is to place computer simulation studies within the paradigm of intervention research that is concerned with comparing the outcomes of health care delivered under different policies. This book presents computer simulation as a tool for testing various policy alternatives that have been developed by decision-makers within health care systems. This approach differs from the use of computer simulation in operations research, where simulation helps determine the configurations of a system that will allow it to function optimally."

"This book is a collection of the most current practices relevant to the clinical molecular laboratorian. It begins with an introductory section on techniques and procedure. It then presents four separate sections on infectious disease, oncology, pre/post-natal, and identity testing, with specific chapters clearly outlining clinical protocols used in daily practice."

"Getting involved in medical and biomedical research through necessity or personal choice can be a testing experience. Each step of the process brings its own challenges, from liaising with supervisors, to the lack of opportunities to promote completed research.This brand new How to provides a complete guide to the process: from the planning stages, to execution, write-up, preparation for the viva examination, and how to maximise the impact of your research. It ensures you get the most out of the experience, both in terms of personal development and academic achievement, and"