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Abstrak :
Environmental risk analysis is complex and interdisciplinary; this book explains the fundamental concepts and analytical methods in each essential discipline.

Abstrak :
Pulau Pasaran merupakan salah satu pulau yang berada tepat ditepi Teluk Lampung Kota Bandar Lampung, yang masyarakatnya mempunyai kebiasaan mengkonsumsi ikan rata-rata 3 kali sehari. Dalam sehari harinya masyarakat Pulau Pasaran terpajan oleh logam cadmium melahii ikan (risk agent) yang dikonsumsi., Pajanan cadmium terns menerus dapat menimbulkan risiko gangguan kesehatan, untuk itu dilakukan analisis risiko dampak cadmium (Cd) dalam ikan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan, khususnya tentang pengamanan pangan akibat mengkonsumsi ikan yang mengandung logam cadmium yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi crossectiunal dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif-analitik untuk mengetahui angka-angka yang mencerminkan kontribusi faktor risiko yang dapat mernberikan prediksi besarnya risiko kesehatan manusia akibat logam cadmium dalam ikan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan masyarakat pulau Pasaran Kota Karang-Bandar Lampung berisiko mengalamai gangguan kesehatan dengan rata-rata besarnya. risiko adalah 0,574. Adapun faktor-faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan besar risiko adalah konsentrasi cadmium dalam ikan, laju asupan, durasi pajanan dan berat badan. Sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan menentukan besar risiko adalah konsentrasi cadmium dalam ikan dan durasi pajama, dengan model prediksi besarnya risiko gangguan kesehatan masyarakat Pulau Pasaran adalah : Besar Risiko = - 0,212 - 0,492 * C - 0,00084 * R - 0,0012 * Dt + 0,0139 * Wb + 0,0128 (C * R) + 0,1250 (C * Dt) - 0,0404 (C * Wb) + 0,000095 (R * Dt) - 0,000025 (R * Wb) - 0,00039 (Dt * Wb)

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Pasaran Island is one of the island residing in precisely by the side of Teluk Lampung, Bandar Lampung which its society have a habit to consume fish 3 times a day Society of Pasaran Island exposures by cadmium metal through fish (risk agent) which is consumed, Cadmium exposure continuously can generate health trouble risk, so analyse risk affect cadmium (Cd) in fish to public health. This research is risk analysis study of environment health, especially concerning food security effect of consuming fish which consist metal cadmium by using approach of crossectionai study with analytic descriptive analysis to know numbers expressing risk factor contribution which able to give level prediction of human being health risk effect of metal cadmium in fish. Research result from society of Pasaran Island, Kota Karang, Bandar Lampung risk of health trouble with level mean is 0.574_ Factors that related significantly with risk level are cadmium concentration in fish, intake, exposure duration, and body weight While most dominant factor determine of risk level is cadmium concentration in fish and exposure duration, with level prediction model of health trouble risk of Pasaran Island society is : Risk Level = - 0,212 - 0,492 * C - 0,00084 * R - 0,0012 * Dt + 0,0139 * Wb + 0,0128(C*R) + 0,1250(C*Dt) - 0,0404(C*Wb) + 0,000095 (R * Dt) - 0,000025 (R * Wb) - 0,00039 (Dt Wb).

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Cair Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Ulumbu ke Sungai (Pada Lapangan Panas Bumi Ulumbu, Kabupaten Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur) Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan karena menghasilkan volume limbah yang rendah, salah satunya adalah limbah cair. Limbah cair panas bumi mengandung unsur kimia, salah satunya adalah Arsen. Limbah cair PLTP akan menimbulkan dampak apabila dibuang secara langsung ke sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi besarnya konsentrasi Arsen pada limbah PLTP dan air sungai di lokasi penelitian dan dampaknya terhadap konsentrasi Arsen di sungai serta dampak terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil konsentrasi Arsen pada limbah PLTP sebesar 0,0365 mg/l. Kandungan Arsen dalam limbah yang dibuang masih berada di bawah baku mutu, yaitu sebesar 0,5 mg/l. Pembuangan limbah cair PLTP ini juga tidak meningkatkan konsentrasi Arsen di sungai. Konsentrasi Arsen pada air yang dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah 0,008 mg/l. Perhitungan risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air sungai menunjukkan tidak menimbulkan risiko kesehatan RQ < 1 (RQ = 0,6522).

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ABSTRACT
Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522)., Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).]

Abstrak :
Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan semakin meningkatnya jumlah pekerja informal yang bekerja di sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), akan tetapi minimnya kegiatan penilaian risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang dilakukan di sektor tersebut padahal pekerja infomal jarang yang diikutsertakan progam asuransi kesehatan/kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada proses produksi pembuatan alas kaki di UMKM X, UMKM Y, UMKM Z dan menentukan risiko tertingginya serta memberikan rekomendasi tindakan pengendalian terhadap risiko yang teridentifikasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah semi kuantitatif dan deskriptif berdasarkan standar AS/NZS 4360:2004 dengan menggunakan metode Job Safety Analysis untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya dan risiko dan metode Fine untuk mengukur tingkat risiko dengan mengalikan antara kemungkinan, paparan dan konsekuensi dari setiap risiko yang ada. Studi deskriptif dilakukan untuk menjelaskan tindakan pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan oleh masing-masing UMKM. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan metode Purposive Sampling, yakni semua pekerja yang berada di proses produksi pembuatan alas kaki di UMKM X, UMKM Y, UMKM Z. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pada tahap proses produksi di UMKM X, UMKM Y, UMKM Z terdapat risiko yang termasuk ke dalam semua kategori metode Fine, yaitu: Very High, Priority 1, Substansial, Priority 3, Acceptable. Risiko tertinggi (Very High) didapatkan dari penggunaan bahan kimia dan kabel listik yang tidak sesuai standar. ......Research carried out because the increment number of informal workers who work in the sector of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), but there is lack of activity for health and safety risk assessment done in that sector and workers rarely covered by health or accident insurance program. The research aims to determine the level of occupational safety and health risks in the production process of making footwear in SMEs X, SMEs Y, SMEs Z and determine the highest risk and provide recommendations control measures against the identified risks. The method used in this research is semi-quantitative and descriptive based on the standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 using the Job Safety Analysis method to identify hazards and risks and Fine method for measuring the level of risk by multiplying the probability, exposure and consequences of any risks. Descriptive study was conducted to elucidate the control measures already carried out by each SME. Sample was conducted by purposive sampling method, ie all workers who are in the process of production of the footwear in SMEs X, Y SMEs, SMEs Z. The results showed that at this stage of the production process in SMEs X, Y SMEs, SME Z risks are included in all categories at Fine methods, namely: Very High, Priority 1, Substantial, Priority 3, Acceptable. The highest risk (Very High) obtained from the use of chemicals and electric cables that do not meet standards.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
Nama : Egnes Ekaranti
Program Studi : Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
Judul : Analisis Risiko Kesehatan yang Terkait dengan Pajanan Radiasi
di PTKMR BATAN
Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. dr. L. Meily Kurniawidjaja, M.Sc.,Sp.Ok
Bekerja dengan radiasi dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan karena pekerja radiasi
menerima pajanan radiasi yang terus menerus dan bersifat kumulatif selama bekerja.
Dampak kesehatan yang diduga terkait dengan pajanan radiasi dapat berupa kanker,
katarak, penyakit kardiovaskular, hiperkolesterol, hipertensi dan tumor jinak. Faktor –
faktor yang diteliti di penelitian ini yaitu faktor di tempat kerja seperti dosis kumulatif
TLD, lama bekerja dengan radiasi dan sistem proteksi radiasi. Faktor di luar tempat
kerja yaitu riwayat diagnosis atau terapi medis radiologis. Faktor individu yaitu
sosiodemografi, lifestyle dan riwayat penyakit keturunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara pajanan radiasi dan dampak
kesehatan; adanya hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dan dampak kesehatan; serta
penerapan proteksi radiasi di PTKMR BATAN. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross
sectional. Data primer diperoleh dari kuesioner, observasi lapangan dan wawancara
serta data sekunder lain yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa tidak ada
hubungan antara pajanan radiasi dengan dampak kesehatan pada pekerja di PTKMR
BATAN. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor individu yaitu usia dengan CVD,
hiperkolesterol dan hipertensi; jenis kelamin dengan hiperkolesterol; dan riwayat
penyakit keturunan dengan CVD, hiperkolesterol dan hipertensi. Penerapan sistem
protesi radiasi di PTKMR secara umum telah berjalan dengan baik. Disarankan agar
PTKMR BATAN mengadakan pemeriksaan dengan WBC secara berkala; pemeriksaan
khusus terkait dampak kesehatan yang diduga terkait dengan pajanan radiasi;
peningkatan sistem proteksi radiasi; dan mengadakan program promosi kesehatan
terkait penyakit degeneratif.
Kata kunci: Radiasi; pekerja; faktor risiko; dampak kesehatan

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ABSTRACT
Name : Egnes Ekaranti
Study Program : Master Program of Occupational Health and Safety
Title : Health Risk Analysis Related To Radiation Exposure on Workers
at PTKMR BATAN
Counsellor : Prof. Dr. dr. L. Meily Kurniawidjaja, M.Sc., Sp.Ok
Working with radiation can have adverse health effects because radiation workers
received occupational radiation exposure continuously and cumulatively. Adverse
health effects related to radiation exposure include cancer, cataracts, cardiovascular
disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and benign tumors. This study investigated
the workplace risk factors such as the cumulative dose of TLD, length of work with
radiation and radiation protection system; and the outside workplace risk factors such
as diagnosis or radiological medical therapy. Individual factors are sociodemography,
lifestyle and history of hereditary disease. This study aimed to determine the
relationship between radiation exposure and health effects; the relationship between
risk factors and health effects; and the implementation of radiation protection at
PTKMR BATAN. study design was cross sectional. Primary data obtained by
questionnaires, field observations and interviews as well as secondary data needed.
This study found that there is no significant relationship between radiation exposure
and health effect; there is significant relationship between individual risk factors that is
age and CVD, hypercholesterol and hypertension; gender and hypercholesterol; and
genetics with CVD, hypercholesterol and hypertension. Radiation protection has been
well implemented at PTKMR BATAN. Some recommendation for PTKMR BATAN is to
conduct examination using WBC regularly; specific health examination related to
health effect due to radiation exposure; Increased radiation protection system; and
health promotion programs related to degenerative diseases for workers.
Keywords: Radiation; workers; risk factors; health effect

Abstrak :
Kesuksesan sebuah organisasi sangat bergantung kepada kondisi produktivitas dari karyawan yang bisa dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kesehatan karyawan itu sendiri. Umumnya baik organisasi atau individu akan merujuk pada rumah sakit untuk mendapat pelayanan kesehatan. Hal itu berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan rumah sakit yang terus meningkat, sehingga persaingan di industri kesehatan semakin tinggi, terutama untuk mendapatkan pekerja dengan keahlian tertentu. Hal ini menuntut pelaku industri kesehatan untuk terus meningkatkan pelayanan mereka, baik melalui peningkatan fasilitas ataupun peningkatan pada sisi karyawan. RS Asih Kota Tangerang adalah salah satu pelaku bisnis di industri kesehatan yang mengalami tuntutan tersebut. RS Asih memiliki tingkat turnover yang tinggi pada knowledge workers mereka, yaitu Keperawatan dan Penunjang Medis, sehingga turnover intention adalah salah satu permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan oleh RS Asih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peran mediasi komitmen organisasi pada hubungan spiritualitas tempat kerja dan persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap turnover intention. Sejumlah 117 karyawan RS Asih berpartisipasi sebagai responden. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan SEM. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa komitmen organisasi tidak memediasi hubungan spiritualitas tempat kerja dan persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap turnover intention. Selanjutnya, komitmen organisasi, spiritualitas tempat kerja, dan persepsi dukungan organisasi tidak memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap turnover intention.

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Success of an organization depends heavily on employees productivity which can be influenced by employees health conditions. Either an organization or individual need hospital for health services. This has an impact on hospitals growth which continues to increase, so that competition in health industry will be even higher, especially to recruit workers with certain skills. Therefore health industry stakeholders require to continue improving their services, either through facilities or employees. Asih Hospital in Tangerang City is one of health industry stakeholder who experienced these demands. Asih Hospital has a high turnover rate in their knowledge workers, especially in Nursing and Medical Support, so turnover intention is a problem that must be resolved by Asih Hospital. Purpose of this study is to know mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between workplace spirituality and perceived organizational support on turnover intention. A total of 117 Asih Hospital employees participated as respondents. Data obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using SEM. The results show that organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between workplace spirituality and perceived organizational support on turnover intention. Furthermore, organizational commitment, workplace spirituality, and perceived organizational support do not have negative affect on turnover intention.