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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Otak sangat sensitif terbadap kondisi kekurangan oksigen. Terhentinya suplai datah ke otak secara tiba-tiba, seperti yang tetjadi pada hipoksia serebri yang diasosiasikan sehagai stroke, dapat berakibat fatal dan menyehabkan kematian sel-sel neuron otak dalam waktu beberapa menit Hipoksia memicu serangkaian patologis yang disebabkan oleh eksitotoksisitas glutmnat dan produksi berlebih radikal belles yang selanjutnya memicu kaskade kematian sel. BDNF (Brain derived neurotrophic factor), salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup neuron, dilaporkan kadarya menunm pada kendaan hipoksia. Seiling dangan meningkatnya kasus stroke serta prognosisnya yang buruk, merupakan suato kebutnben untuk mencari bahan obat yang dibarepkan dapat memblokir kaskade hipoksia sehingga kematian neuron dapat dicegah. Tanarnan akar kaning atau Acalypha indica Linn adalah tanaman perdu liar yang banyak dijum)lai di selurah daerah di Indonesia dan secara tidak sengaja rehusan akarnya dapat memulihkan kelumpuben akibat stroke. Senyawa flavmoid yang terkendung dalam tanarnan akar kucing memiliki kemampuan antioksidan yang terbukti dapat mencegah kaskade kematian neuron. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengarah pemberian akstrak akar Acalypha indica Linn dalam mcmproteksi neuron tikas pada kendaan hipcksia. Metode: Studi eksperimental in vitro pada kultur sel neuron jaringan hipckumpus tikus Sprague Dow/ey dewasa yang dipajan dengan ekstrak air akar Acalypha indica Linn pada dosis 10 mglml, 15 mglml, dan 20 mglml selama 72 jam. Kemudian seluruh sel diberi perlakuan hipoksia dengan gas 5% W5% C02/N1 balans selama 24 jam. Viabilitas sel diukur dcngan MTT assay, tingkat proliferasinya diukur dengan BrdU dan kadar BDNF medium kultur diperiksa dengan metoda ELISA. Hasil: Viabilitas relatif, tingkat proliferasi neuron dan kadar BDNF endogen pada kultur jaringan llipokarnpus tikus dengan pemberian ekstrak akar kucing pada dosis 10 mg/ml, 15 mg/ml, dan 20 mg/ml meningkat dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak akar Acalypha indica Linn mampu meningkat viabilitas neuron serta kadar BDNF endogen pada keadaan hipoksia.

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Background: The brain is very sensitive to oxygen deprivation condition. Interruption of the blood supply to the brain suddenly, as happens on cerebral hypoxia is associated as a stroke, can be metal and cause death of brain cells neurons within a few minutes. Hypoxia triggers a ;Series of pathological cascade caused by the glutamate excitotoxicity and free radicals which in turn triggered a cascade of cell death. BDNF{Brain derived neurotrophic factor). is one of the factors maintaining the survival of neurons. is decreased during hypoxic conditions. The increase and a poor prognosis of stroke, represents a need to look for ingredients that are expected to block tile cascade of hypoxia that neuron death can be prevented. Acalypha indica Linn (akar kucing) is a common wild plants that can be found in all regions in Indonesia and accidentally the decoction of the root can cure paralysis caused by stroke. Flavonoid compounds contained in the roots have the proven ability of antioxidants can prevent neuron death caScade. Objective: To detennine the effect of root extracts of Acalypha indica Linn as a protection of rat neuronal on the state of hypoxia. Metbods: Experimental in vitro study of cell culture of rat hippocampal neuronal of adult Sprague Dow/ey rat treated with Acalypha indica Linn root water extract at a dose of I 0 mg!ml, 15 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml for 72 hrs, Then the cells were exposed to hypoxia wil 5% 0,/5% CO,IN 2 balance gas for 24 hours, Cell viability was measured by MTI assay and BrdU for cell proliferation. Levels BDNF medium culture was measured by ELISA methods. Results: Relative viability, proliferation rate of neuron and endogenous BDNF level of rat hippocampal tissue culture with Acalypha indica Linn roots extract with dosage of 10 mglml, 15 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ m! is increased compared with control. Conclusion: Acalypha indica Linn root extract can increase neuron viability and the level of endogenous BDNF in hypoxic conditions.

Abstrak :
This study aimed to examine the effect of different methods of active recovery (AR) after high-intensity exercise on exercise performance, determined with the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) in soccer referees. Using a crossover design, fourteen male soccer referees completed three trials. After resting for 10 min, participants ran approximately 495 meters (m) at 80% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) and, ran approximately 165 m at 90% of HRmax. This was followed by 15 min of passive recovery (control), 15 min of running at 130 beats/min (continuous AR), or 15 min of intermittent AR consisting of alternating 2.5 min intervals of passive recovery and running at 130 beats/min, repeated for 15 min (intermittent AR). Finally, participants performed the Yo-Yo IR2. Blood lactate and salivary cortisol concentrations were determined immediately after the rest, high-intensity exercise, recovery intervention and Yo-Yo IR2 periods. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire was measured after rest and Yo-Yo IR2. Yo-Yo IR2 performance was significantly higher in the intermittent AR trial than in the control trial. Blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower in the continuous and intermittent AR trials than in the control trial after the recovery intervention. No significant between trial differences were observed in salivary cortisol concentrations. The fatigue score using the POMS increased significantly during the control and continuous AR trials, but not during the intermittent AR trial. In conclusion, AR with intermittent exercise after high-intensity exercise increases Yo-Yo IR2 performance compared to passive recovery.

Abstrak :
[Latihan fisik telah diketahui memberikan manfaat terhadap kesehatan. Namun demikian latihan fisik juga berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif seperti cedera dan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan fisik dengan intensitas tinggi dan durasi lama dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan longmars merupakan salah satu materi pelatihan Komando yang dilaksanakan oleh peserta pelatihan Komando pada tahap gunung hutan. Latihan longmars dilaksanakan dengan berjalan kaki selama 8 hari berturut-turut, kecepatan 5-6 km/jam, membawa beban 35 kg, melewati medan bervariasi (datar, menanjak dan menurun) dan menempuh jarak sekitar 500 km. Latihan longmars sebagai salah satu bentuk latihan fisik di lingkungan militer dengan durasi lama dan intensitas tinggi diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan Malondialdehida (MDA) yang merupakan penanda stres oksidatif. Tujuan: mengetahui rerata kadar MDA dan perbedaan rerata kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Metode: sebanyak 30 subyek penelitian peserta pelatihan Komando dalam kelompok usia 20-30 tahun yang dipilih secara acak mengikuti penelitian ini. Subyek penelitian merupakan prajurit terlatih yang telah melaksanakan program latihan fisik selama 1-4 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA dilakukan 1 hari sebelum pelaksanaan latihan Longmars dan segera setelah selesai melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hasil: rerata kadar MDA sebelum latihan Longmars adalah 0,729 ± 0,229 nmol/mL, rerata kadar MDA setelah latihan Longmars adalah 0,655 ± 0,183 nmol/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar MDA sebelum dan setelah latihan Longmars ( P 0,191 ). Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan telah terjadi adaptasi latihan fisik terhadap kadar MDA yang terjadi selama latihan Longmars. ......Background: Physical exercise has been known to provide health benefits. However, physical exercise as well as the potential negative impact of injury and oxidative stress. Physical exercise with high intensity and long duration are considered as one of the factors that cause oxidative stress. Longmarch Exercise is one of the training materials Commando conducted by trainees Commando training in forest mountain stage. Longmarch exercises conducted by walking for 8 consecutive days, speed of 5-6 km / h, carrying a load of 35 kg, over varied terrain (flat, uphill and downhill) and a distance of about 500 miles. Longmarch exercise as one of procedural activity in the Commando training in a military environment with long duration and high intensity could be expected to lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be determined by examination malondialdehida (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress. Purpose: To determine the mean levels of MDA and the mean differences MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. Methods: Subjects of the study were 30 participants in Commando training 20-30 years old were randomly selected to follow become respondent of this research. The research subject is a trained soldier who had been carrying out a physical exercise program for 1-4 years. The level of MDA examination performed 1 day prior to the Longmarch exercise and immediately after completion of the Longmarch exercise. Results: The mean of MDA levels before Longmarch exercise was 0.729 ± 0.229 nmol / mL, the mean of MDA levels after Longmarch exercise was 0.655 ± 0.183 nmol / mL. There were no significant differences in mean of MDA levels before and after Longmarch exercise (P 0.191). Conclusion: there is no significant difference of the MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. This is probably due to the body's adaptation that occur during Longmarch exercise., Background: Physical exercise has been known to provide health benefits. However, physical exercise as well as the potential negative impact of injury and oxidative stress. Physical exercise with high intensity and long duration are considered as one of the factors that cause oxidative stress. Longmarch Exercise is one of the training materials Commando conducted by trainees Commando training in forest mountain stage. Longmarch exercises conducted by walking for 8 consecutive days, speed of 5-6 km / h, carrying a load of 35 kg, over varied terrain (flat, uphill and downhill) and a distance of about 500 miles. Longmarch exercise as one of procedural activity in the Commando training in a military environment with long duration and high intensity could be expected to lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be determined by examination malondialdehida (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress. Purpose: To determine the mean levels of MDA and the mean differences MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. Methods: Subjects of the study were 30 participants in Commando training 20-30 years old were randomly selected to follow become respondent of this research. The research subject is a trained soldier who had been carrying out a physical exercise program for 1-4 years. The level of MDA examination performed 1 day prior to the Longmarch exercise and immediately after completion of the Longmarch exercise. Results: The mean of MDA levels before Longmarch exercise was 0.729 ± 0.229 nmol / mL, the mean of MDA levels after Longmarch exercise was 0.655 ± 0.183 nmol / mL. There were no significant differences in mean of MDA levels before and after Longmarch exercise (P 0.191). Conclusion: there is no significant difference of the MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. This is probably due to the body's adaptation that occur during Longmarch exercise.]

Abstrak :
The aim of this book is to provide the current state of the human neuroimaging literature in the emerging field of the neurobiological exercise sciences and to outline future applications and directions of research.

Abstrak :
Diabetes mellitus pada remaja terus meningkat selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Fenomena yang berbeda terjadi pada tingkat aktivitas fisik yang terus menurun selama hampir satu dekade terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai diabetes mellitus dengan aktivitas fisik pada remaja. Sejumlah 139 remaja SMA berusia 15-18 tahun menyelesaikan survey Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire dan Physical Acitivity Questionnaire in Adolescents. Usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat diabetes mellitus, sumber informasi, serta perilaku sedentari juga diteliti sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi pengetahuan dan aktivitas fisik. Riwayat diabetes mellitus dan sumber informasi tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, usia, dan perilaku sedentari dengan aktivitas fisik. Namun, jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan aktivitas fisik (p = 0,001). Tingkat pengetahuan dan aktivitas fisik masih rendah di kalangan remaja. Upaya preventif dan promotif terhadap remaja perlu ditingkatkan untuk mencegah risiko diabetes mellitus. ......Diabetes mellitus in adolescents continues to increase over the last few years. Declining level of physical activity is also an on-going phenomenon for almost a decade. The aim of this study is to determine the association between levels of knowledge on diabetes mellitus and physical activity in adolescents. A number of 139 high school students aged 15-18 years completed the survey using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and Physical acitivity Questionnaire in Adolescents. Age, gender, history of diabetes mellitus, source of information, and sedentary behavior were also investigated as factors influencing knowledge and physical activity. History of diabetes mellitus and resources do not have a significant association with the level of knowledge. The results also showed no correlation between the level of knowledge, age, and sedentary behaviors with physical activity. However, gender had a significant association with physical activity (p = 0.001). The level of knowledge and physical activity is still low among adolescents. Preventive and promotive efforts towards teenagers need to be improved to prevent the risk of diabetes mellitus.

Abstrak :
Physiology of sport and exercise, sixth edition, frames research findings in physiology in a reader-friendly format. This resource offers a simple way for students to develop an understanding of the body's abilities to perform various types and intensities of exercise and sport, to adapt to stressful situations, and to improve its physiological capacities. Written by a team of distinguished researchers, all past presidents of the American College of Sports Medicine, this updated sixth edition has been enhanced with new elements to facilitate learning comprehension. The redesigned photos, illustrations, and medical artwork of the fifth edition that clarified difficult concepts and illustrated how the body performs are now complemented by new digital components. Seven animations have been added, bringing the total to 25 and providing a dynamic way to experience course material. The 60 audio clips provide explanations of complex physiological processes to aid students' understanding of important illustrations in the text, and approximately 20 video clips from leaders in the field discuss recent developments and real-world applications to help students connect theoretical and practical concepts.

Abstrak :
Each chapter is specifically formatted to combine the viewpoints of two sports nutrition experts: the scientific principles underpinning each issue are reviewed by an internationally recognized nutritionist with extensive research experience, while a sports dietitian summarizes the practice tips that can be drawn from these principles.