Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Skripsi ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana proses dan dampak pemberian bantuan terhadap permasalahan yang memicu krisis penerima manfaat Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dalam membantu memulihkan keadaan ekuilibrium karena peristiwa krisis penerima manfaatnya. Adapun kerangka berpikir yang digunakan sebagai landasan analisis merujuk pada teori krisis. Di dalam teori krisis tersebut terdapat dua indikator yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu pemulihan ekuilibrium yang dipengaruhi oleh pemenuhan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan. Pada pemulihan ekuilibrium penerima manfaat mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta analisis dokumen institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerima manfaat menjalani proses pemberian bantuan mulai dari mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai bantuan dari Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, menjalani proses layanan dalam gedung, hingga mendapatkan bantuan yang dibutuhkan. Dampak pemberian bantuan Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dapat memulihkan ekuilibrium secara sementara dan membantu penerima manfaatnya dalam mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru.This thesis attempts to answer the question of how the process and the impact of providing assistance to the problems that triggered the crisis of Layanan Aktif BAZNAS beneficiaries in helping to restore equilibrium because of the crisis their beneficiaries. The framework used as the basis for analysis refers to the theory of crisis. In the crisis theory, there are two indicators used to answer this research question, namely the restoration of equilibrium which is influenced by the fulfillment of the required resources. On equilibrium restoration beneficiaries develop new coping mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach which is carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and analysis of institutional documents. The results showed that the beneficiaries went through the process of providing assistance starting from getting knowledge about the assistance from the Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, undergoing the service process in the building, to getting the assistance needed. The impact of providing assistance by Layanan Aktif BAZNAS can temporarily restore equilibrium and assist beneficiaries in developing new coping mechanisms."

""It has long been recognized that the fundamental theoretical analysis of a market economy is embodied in the Arrow-Debreu-Walras mathematical general equilibrium model, with one great deficiency: the analysis cannot accommodate money and financial institutions. In this groundbreaking book, Ross M. Starr addresses this problem directly, by expanding the Arrow-Debreu model to include a multiplicity of trading opportunities, with the resultant endogenous derivation of money as the carrier of value among them. This fundamental breakthrough is achieved while maintaining the Walrasian general equilibrium price-theoretic structure, augmented primarily by the introduction of separate bid and ask prices reflecting transaction costs. The result is foundations of monetary theory consistent with and derived from modern price theory." -- Back cover."

"Perkembangan transaksi keuangan dengan dibantu dengan kemajuan teknologi di dunia menjadikan sistem keuangan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, tunai dan non tunai. Adanya kemajuan teknologi diharapkan dapat menggantikan fungsi uang sebagai alat atau media dalam sistem pembayaran. Namun hal tersebut tidak sejalan dengan data dari Bank Indonesia dan lembaga sistem pembayaran dunia yang menyatakan bahwa masyarakat di Indonesia masih lebih menyukai transaksi tunai melalui penggunaan uang kartal untuk mendukung transaksi keuangan sehari-hari.  Di tahun 2018 sebanyak 55% transaksi keuangan di Indonesia masih menggunakan sistem pembayaran tunai dibandingkan dengan sistem pembayaran non tunai. Bank Indonesia sebagai lembaga independen di Indonesia yang bertugas untuk mengelola uang rupiah bertugas untuk mengedarkan uang kartal keseluruh Indonesia dengan jumlah yang cukup dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan serta dalam kondisi yang layak untuk diedarkan kepada masyarakat. Dalam perjalanannya, Bank Indonesia mengeluarkan peraturan yang dapat membantu dan juga memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk dapat menerima dan mengkonsumsi uang layak edar dengan menerbitkan peraturan Bank Indonesia, salah satunya adalah PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016 tentang Pengawasan Sistem Pembayaran dan Pengelolaan Uang Rupiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pada posisi berapa Bank Indonesia mencapai titik keseimbangan mengedarkan uang kepada masyarakat dan perbankan (outflow) agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dengan menggunakan persamaan simultan. Permintaan masyarakat akan uang dilihat dari jumlah aliran uang yang berasal dari masyarakat dan perbankan dan selanjutnya masuk ke Bank Indonesia (inflow). Penelitian ini melibatkan 21 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2015 Q1 – 2018 Q4. Implementasi Peraturan Bank Indonesia yang dikeluarkan di tahun 2016 (PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keseimbangan outflow dan inflow uang Bank Indonesia.

---

The development of financial transactions with help of technological advances in the world makes the financial system of public can be done in various ways, cash and non cash. The existence of technological advancement   is expected to replace the function of money as a tool or media in payment system. However, this is not in line with with data from Bank Indonesia and the world payment system agency which states that people in Indonesia still prefer cash transactions through the use pf currency to support daily financial transactions in 2018 as many as 55% of financial transactions in Indonesia still use the cash payment system compared to the non cash payment system. Bank Indonesia as an independent institution in Indonesia which is in charge to managing rupiah money has the duty to circulate currency throught Indonesia with sufficient amount and can fulfill needs and in conditions that are suitable for circulation to the public. In its way, Bank Indonesia  issued a regulation that can help and also make it easier for the public  to be able to receive and consume decent money by issuing Bank Indonesia regulations, one of  PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016 concerning supervision of Payment and Money Management System   of Rupiah. This study aims to look at what position Bank Indonesia reaches the balance point of circulating money to the public and banks (outflow) in order to meet needs of the community by using simultaneous equations. Community demand for money is seen from the amount of money flowing from the community and the Banking sector and the enterin to Bank Indonesia (inflow). This study involved 21 provinces in Indonesia in the periode 2015 Q1 until 2018 Q4. Implementation of Bank Indonesia Regulations issued in 2016 (PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016) has a significant influence on the balance of outflow and inflow of money."

"This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. "

"We present a model of Bayesian games with a continuum of players and prove that pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibra exist and and are extensively robust ..."

"The economic theory of general equilibrium underpins the most important models used in economic theory in general and in its more specialized areas such as macroeconomics, international trade, environmental economics, growth theory, and developmental economics. In Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, leading academic scholar, Yves Balasko offers a good introduction to the economic theory of general equilibrium and makes use of various mathematical tools as intuitive and easy as possible. The second half of the book addresses properties of the general equilibrium model that are still at the frontier of current research. These properties deal with the characterization of economies with a unique equilibrium and, more generally, with the relationships between the number of equilibria and the fundamentals of an econom"

"Model permainan non-kooperatif satu periode dikonstruksi untuk menetapkan premi yang kompetitif di pasar asuransi umum. Pada skripsi ini, konstruksi model permainan nonkooperatif satu periode dengan multiple pemain melibatkan empat komponen penting, yaitu lapse model, loss model, fungsi objektif, dan fungsi kendala solvabilitas. Di bawah perilaku rasional, setiap pemain memilih strategi premi yang akan menghasilkan memaksimalkan keuntungan yang diharapkan dari polis periode selanjutnya. Strategi yang dipilih juga harus memperhatikan aturan solvabilitas yang ditetapkan oleh regulator. Premi yang kompetitif didapatkan dengan mencari solusi dari model permainan, yaitu Nash equilibrium. Nash equilibrium didapatkan dengan mencari solusi dari kondisi Karush-Kuhn-Tucker yang diperluas dan direformulasi menggunakan fungsi komplementaritas. Premi Nash equilibrium selanjutnya digunakan dalam perhitungan probabilitas lapse pemegang polis dan banyaknya pemegang polis periode selanjutnya. Hasil perhitungan tersebut dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan untuk melihat kecenderungan perilaku pemegang polis terhadap premi Nash equilibrium, hubungan premi Nash equilibrium dan pemegang polis baru, serta hubungan premi Nash equilibrium dan tingkat biaya. Berdasarkan parameter referensi untuk asuransi mobil di Jerman tahun 2020, untuk model permainan dengan empat pemain didapatkan bahwa pada tingkat premi Nash equilibrium, pemegang polis cenderung tetap pada perusahaan asuransinya saat ini dan tidak berpindah ke perusahaan asuransi mobil dengan premi yang lebih murah secepat yang diantisipasi oleh model ekonomi. Perusahaan asuransi mobil dengan premi Nash equilibrium terendah mendapatkan pemegang polis baru terbanyak, dan berlaku sebaliknya. Premi Nash equilibrium dan tingkat biaya memiliki hubungan yang searah.

---

The one-period non-cooperative game model is constructed to set competitive premiums in the general insurance market. In this thesis, the construction of a one-period noncooperative game model with multiple players involves four important components, namely the lapse model, the loss model, the objective function, and the solvency constraint function. Under rational behavior, each player chooses a premium strategy that will maximize the expected profit from the policy for the next period. The strategy chosen must also pay attention to the solvency rules set by the regulator. A competitive premium is obtained by finding a solution from the game model, namely the Nash equilibrium. Nash equilibrium is obtained by finding the solution of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition which is extended and reformulated using the complementarity function. The Nash equilibrium is then used in calculating the probability lapse and the number of policyholders for the next period. The results of these calculations are analyzed and interpreted to see the behavioral tendencies of policyholders towards the Nash equilibrium premium, the relationship between the Nash equilibrium and new policyholders, as well as the relationship between the Nash equilibrium and the expense rate. Based on the reference parameters for car insurance in Germany in 2020, for a fourplayer game model, it is found that at the Nash equilibrium, policyholders tend to stay with their current insurance companies and do not switch to car insurance companies with lower premiums as quickly as anticipated by economic model. The car insurance company with the lowest Nash equilibrium premium gets the most new policyholders, and vice versa. The Nash equilibrium premium and the expense rate have a unidirectional relationship."