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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Indicator organisms are used to measure potential fecal contamination of environmental samples. The presence of coliform bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in surface water is a common indicator of fecal contamination. Caliform bacteria in water samples may be quantified using the most probable number (AFN) method, a probabilistic test which assumes cultivable bacteria meet certain growth and biochemical criteria. If preliminary tests suggest that coliform bacteria are present at numbers in excess of an established cut off(the Caliform Index), fecal contamination is suspected and confirmatory assays such are conducted. Coliform bacteria selected as indicators of fecal contamination must not persist in the environment for long periods of time following efflux from the intestine, and their presence must be closely correlated with contamination by other fecal organisms.

Abstrak :
Untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan, diperlukan peningkatan kinerja karyawan. Banyak hal yang memengaruhi kinerja karyawan, salah satunya adalah lingkungan kerja yang dibagi menjadi lingkungan kerja fisik dan lingkungan kerja nonfisik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh lingkungan kerja fisik dan lingkungan kerja nonfisik terhadap kinerja karyawan di KPPN Bandung I. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan regresi linier software SPSS versi 16.0 sebagai alat ukur statistik. Hasil penelitian terhadap 45 responden menunjukkan bahwa 44,9% lingkungan kerja fisik seperti peralatan kerja, ventilasi, kebisingan, pencahayaan, dan tata letak berpengaruh parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan. Selanjutnya, 42,8% dari lingkungan kerja nonfisik seperti hubungan kerja atasan dan bawahan atau antarsesama karyawan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hasil pengujian secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa 72,1% lingkungan kerja fisik dan nonfisik juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik secara parsial maupun simultan, lingkungan kerja fisik dan lingkungan kerja nonfisik berdampak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Bandung KPPN I.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Surabaya was one of the important cities in the Netherlands Indies since the nineteenth century. However as a coastal city, which had many potential plantations, busiest business districts & port, naval based, and defense area. Surabaya also faced annual flood problem in rainy season. So what were the cause and the impact of the flood problem in Surabaya? What was the Dutch colonial government done to overcome flood an its impact? What was the Dutch motive on its efforts? This paper would like to know the Dutch colonial.s flood control in Surabaya city from 1906 to 1942 and its motivation. As a historical study, this paper uses the colonial literature study that is started from the colonial period. Finally, flood control was necessary for Surabaya where many ethnics and important economic activities based which needed good infrastructures and healthy environment. Therefore, flood as the source of diseases and inconvenience had to be eradicated from the influential city.