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Abstrak :
Dewasa ini, eksistensi dari korporasi seringkali diikuti oleh perbuatan yang melanggar hukum salah satunya adalah tindak pidana lingkungan hidup. Namun nyatanya, banyak ditemukan korporasi yang tidak turut serta bertanggung jawab atas tindak pidana yang telah dilakukan dan hanya menuntut organ perseroannya saja, yakni direksi, padahal sudah banyak ahli yang menyatakan bahwa korporasi merupakan subjek hukum sehingga dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk membahas pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi korporasi atas tindak pidana penambangan tanpa izin (illegal) yang terjadi di Desa Mosiku, Kecamatan Batu Putih, Kabupaten Kolaka Utara, Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri No. 41/Pid.B/LH/2021/PN Lss., yang mengadili Terdakwa atas nama Sukarman selaku direktur utama PT. Mega Buana Mineral (selanjutnya disebut PT. MBM) serta kedudukan putusan tersebut sebagai bukti awal memintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana pada PT. Mega Buana Mineral. Penulisan hukum ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang berjenis yuridis normatif, yaitu berfokus pada meneliti penerapan peraturan hukum tertulis yang berlaku, dimana pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan. Tahap penulisan hukum ini dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan melalui data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, tersier, serta penelusuran bahan dari situs di internet yang berkaitan dengan isu hukum dalam rumusan masalah. Metode analisis data yang dipergunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif sehingga menghasilkan data deskriptif analitis yang kemudian ditarik kesimpulan dengan menggunakan metode penalaran deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa korporasi dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana berdasarkan teori identifikasi, Pasal 3 dan Pasal 4 Perma Tindak Pidana Koprorasi, serta Perja Korporasi. Lebih lanjut, Putusan No. 41/Pid.B/LH/20021/PN.Lss dapat dijadikan bukti awal untuk menetapkan PT. MBM sebagai tersangka dalam perkara penambangan illegal dan memintakan pertanggungjawaban pidana. ......Nowadays, the existence of corporations is often followed by unlawful acts, one of which is environmental crime. But in fact, there are many corporations that are not held responsible for the criminal acts that have been committed and only prosecute the company's organs, namely the directors, even though many experts have stated that corporations are legal subjects so that they can be held accountable. This thesis aims to discuss criminal liability for corporations for the crime of illegal mining that occurred in Mosiku Village, Batu Putih Subdistrict, North Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi based on District Court Decision No. 41/Pid.B/LH/2021/PN Lss., which tried the defendant on behalf of Sukarman as the main director of PT Mega Buana Mineral (hereinafter referred to as PT MBM) and the position of the decision as initial evidence to impose criminal liability on PT Mega Buana Mineral. This legal writing is a normative juridical type of legal research, which focuses on examining the application of applicable written legal regulations, where the approach used is a statutory approach. This stage of legal writing is carried out through literature studies through secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, tertiary legal materials, as well as tracing materials from sites on the internet related to legal issues in the formulation of the problem. The method of data analysis used in this writing is a qualitative approach so as to produce analytical descriptive data which is then drawn conclusions using the deductive reasoning method. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that corporations can be held criminally liable based on the theory of identification, Article 3 and Article 4 of Supreme Court Regulation on Corporate Crime, and Attorney General Regulation on Guidelines for Handling Criminal Cases with Corporate Legal Subjects. Furthermore, Decision No. 41/Pid.B/LH/2021/PN.Lss can be used as initial evidence to establish PT MBM as a suspect in the illegal mining case and hold it criminally liable.

Abstrak :
The economic crisis in 1997 has confirmed the Indonesian society that white collar criminality also exist in their country. The failure to bring the corporate criminals to court was caused by the difficulty of the Indonesian justice system to accept that corporations can also be held accountable under the Indonesian criminal law. On the other hand, legislature has accepted that corporations (as juristic persons) can be held liable, beside the managers (as natural persons). Since 1955, law no. 7 on economic crimes also includes juristic persons as subjects of the law. This has been fallowed by the legislature in 1963 (law on subversion), 1976 (law on drug abuse) and 1997 (law on the environment). In 1993 a draft of the new Penal Code for Indonesia was submitted to the Minister of Justice. No step have been taken yet to implement the code, which in article 44 explicitly states that corporations can be held responsible for criminal acts. With respect to a law enforcement strategy against corporate crimes, the author wishes to distinguish between organized crimes and crimes 'by organization. Both can be done by or through corporations.

Abstrak :
Dalam kehidupan manusia sehari-hari, peran korporasi sangatlah besar. Baik sebagai penyedia produk dan jasa bagi kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu korporasi menjadi salah satu tonggak pergerakan ekonomi dunia. Meskipun demikian, bukan suatu hal yang tidak lumrah suatu korporasi terlibat dalam tindak pidana. Hal ini menjadi membingungkan jika berkaca kepada pendefinisian korporasi yang masih rancu di Indonesia. Setidaknya terdapat 4 (empat) definisi korporasi yang berbeda yang diatur melalui ketentuan perundang-undangan berbeda di Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi masalah karena sejatinya pendefinisian korporasi melalui peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia menyamakan semua badan usaha (tidak mempertimbangkan apakah badan usaha tersebut adalah (i) perkumpulan orang atau (ii) perkumpulan modal). Dengan kata lain, di depan mata hukum positif Indonesia, dalam hal terjadi tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh suatu Perseroan Terbatas ("PT") atau suatu Comanditaire Venotschaap ("CV"), mereka akan diperlakukan secara sama. Fenomena tersebut membawa suatu isu hukum yaitu pemrosesan perkara tindak pidana korporasi yang bertolak belakang dengan esensi dari pemidanaan korporasi itu sendiri karena parameter yang digunakan disama ratakan bagi seluruh bentuk badan usaha di Indonesia padahal masing-masing jenis badan usaha memiliki sifat dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Implikasi hukum yang muncul bagi fenomena tersebut salah satunya adalah pembebanan sanksi yang dibebankan kepada subjek hukum yang kurang tepat dan tidak tercapainya tujuan dalam memidana korporasi dalam hal terjadi suatu tindak pidana korporasi. ......The role of corporation in human's life is very essential. Both as a provider of products and services for the needs of society. Therefore, corporation is one of the cornerstones of the movement of the world economy. Even so, it is not unusual for a corporation to commit or be involved in a crime. This becomes an issue as the definition of corporation in Indonesia is still ambiguous. There are at least 4 (four) different definitions of corporation which are regulated through different laws and regulations in Indonesia. This is a problem because actually the definition of a corporation through laws and regulations in Indonesia equates all business entities (without considering whether the business entity is (i) an association of people or (ii) an association of capital). In other words, in the eyes of Indonesia's positive law, in an event of a crime committed by a Limited Liability Company ("PT") or a Comanditaire Venotschaap ("CV"), they will receive the same treatment. A legal issue arises from this phenomenom, namely the processing of corporate criminal cases which is contrary to the essence of punishing a corporation itself because the parameters used are the same for all forms of business entities in Indonesia even though each type of business entity has different characteristics. One of the legal implications that arise for this phenomenon is the imposition of sanctions imposed on legal subjects that are not appropriate and the goal is not achieved in convicting corporations in the event of a corporate crime.

Abstrak :
This article aims at discussing 2 main problems: 1) in how far harm done by corporate crime in Indonesia; and 2) how is the criminal policy passed in overcoming corporate crime in Indonesia? The result of this discussion points: First, corporate crime is a kind of crime that makes society restless and that is risks the interests of State. The harm done is in the form of material an immaterial things for citizens, State and other corporations. Second, corporate crime should be included in the Code of Criminal Laws as a criminal act by the offender. In line with this, the subject of offence in the Code of Criminal Laws should be widened to include corporations with a threat of either grave punishment by prison or fine punishment, or both of them. However, said penal efforts should be integrated with the overcoming of non penal ones.

Abstrak :
Pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah merupakan salah satu sektor yang cukup rentan dan berpotensi terhadap praktek tindak pidana korupsi. Selain melibatkan pejabat pemerintah dan pengurus korporasi, korupsi pada sektor ini juga melibatkan korporasi. Adapun kasus yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah Putusan No. 94/Pid.Sus-TPK/2017/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Putusan No. 3/Pid.Sus-TPK/2018/PT.DKI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan kasus. Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa dalam kasus ini, sistem pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang digunakan adalah pengurus dan korporasi sebagai pembuat dan keduanya yang bertanggungjawab. Dasar pembebanan pertanggungjawaban pidana kepada korporasi dilakukan dengan melihat actus reus dan mensrea yang dilakukan oleh directing mind korporasi, kemudian dianggap sebagai actus reus dan mensrea dari korporasi. Sanksi pidana berupa pembayaran uang pengganti yang dijatuhkan terhadap korporasi tidak memberikan efek deterrence. Oleh karena itu perlu dimaksimalkan pengenaan sanksi pidana lainnya, yaitu berupa pencabutan ijin usaha. ......Public procurement is one of the most vulnerable and potentially corrupt practices. In addition to involving government officials and corporate management, corruption in this sector also involves corporations. The case discussed in this research is Verdict No. 94 Pid.Sus TPK 2017 PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Verdict No. 3 Pid.Sus TPK 2018 PT.DKI. This research uses normative legal research method, with statute approach and case approach. From The results of the research is that the corporate criminal liability system used on this case is the management and the corporation both as perpetrators of criminal acts and both also must bear criminal responsibility. The basis for the imposition of criminal liability to corporations is by looking at the actus reus and mensrea of the ldquo the directing mind rdquo of the corporation, then considered as the actus reus and mensrea of the corporation. Criminal sanctions in the form of replacement payments imposed on corporations is not provide deterrence effects. Therefore it is necessary to maximize the imposition of other criminal sanctions, such as the revocation of business permit.

Abstrak :
Konflik agraria merupakan fenomena berkepanjangan yang biasa hadir ketika perampasan tanah atas lahan pertanian warga tak kunjung mendapatkan penyelesaian. Tugas karya akhir ini membahas salah satu kasus perampasan tanah oleh korporasi yang difasilitasi oleh oknum lembaga negara pada lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Caringin. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder terhadap data-data yang bersumber dari artikel berita, laporan LSM, serta peraturan tentang konsesi lahan. Analisis dalam tulisan ini menggunakan teori state-corporate crime oleh Michalowski & Kramer dan teori teknik netralisasi kejahatan korporasi oleh Schoultz & Flyghed. Temuan data menunjukkan bahwa kejahatan perampasan tanah dan penelantaran tanah yang dilakukan sangat bertentangan dengan syarat perizinan hak guna yang diatur dalam UUPA 1960, sehingga seharusnya status hak guna-nya dicabut dan tanah tersebut diredistribusikan kepada warga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perampasan tanah oleh korporasi yang difasilitasi oknum lembaga negara di Kecamatan Caringin merupakan state-corporate crime. Para pelaku juga teridentifikasi mempraktikkan teknik netralisasi kejahatan korporasi jenis denial of the act, referring to investigation, bolstering, expression of right, condemnation of the condemner, dan denial of victim. Teknik netralisasi kejahatan korporasi berperan sebagai justifikasi yang membuat kejahatan dapat terus berlangsung. Teknik netralisasi yang dilakukan membuat perampasan dan penelantaran tanah yang dilakukan menjadi tidak diakui, sehingga BPN tak kunjung menetapkan lahan tersebut sebagai tanah telantar. Alhasil, tanah tak kunjung didapatkan kembali secara legal oleh warga, sehingga konflik agraria di Kecamatan Caringin masih belum menemui penyelesaian yang adil. ......Agrarian conflict is a prolonged phenomenon that commonly arises when land grabbing over agricultural land fails to find a resolution. This final project discusses a case of land grabbing facilitated by certain parties within state institutions in an agricultural area in Caringin Subdistrict. The writing method employed is secondary data analysis based on information obtained from news articles, reports from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and regulations regarding land concessions. The analysis in this paper utilizes the state-corporate crime theory proposed by Michalowski & Kramer and the neutralization techniques theory of corporate crime by Schoultz & Flyghed. The data findings indicate that the acts of land grabbing and neglect are highly contradictory to the licensing requirements stipulated in the 1960 Agrarian Law (UUPA), thus the land-use rights should be revoked, and the land should be redistributed to the community. The analysis results reveal that the land grabbing perpetrated by corporations with the facilitation of certain parties within state institutions in District Caringin constitutes a state-corporate crime. The perpetrators have also been identified to employ neutralization techniques of corporate crime, such as denial of the act, referring to investigation, bolstering, expression of right, condemnation of the condemner, and denial of victim. These neutralization techniques serve as justifications that enable the continuity of the crimes. The employed neutralization techniques invalidate the acts of land grabbing and neglect, leading to the failure of the National Land Agency (BPN) to classify the land as abandoned. Consequently, the land remains unrecognized and has not been legally returned to the community, resulting in an ongoing agrarian conflict without a fair resolution in District Caringin.

Abstrak :
Pembuatan proyek Bendungan Bener di Kecamatan Bener, Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah memunculkan sebuah konflik agraria yang terjadi di Desa Wadas. Rencana pembuatan Desa Wadas menjadi lokasi pertambangan batu andesit untuk menunjang proyek Bendungan Bener mendapat penolakan dari warga karena berbagai alasan. Hal ini menjadi sebuah konflik agraria yang menimbulkan kekerasan langsung dan kekerasan struktural. Tulisan ini melihat bentuk-bentuk kekerasan ini sebagai sebuah State-Corporate Crime, dimana kejahatan terjadi akibat adanya interaksi antara pemerintah Indonesia dengan PT PP yang menimbulkan kerugian sosial dan pelanggaran hukum. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur. Data dalam tulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari berbagai artikel di internet. Tulisan ini kemudian menganalisis fenomena tersebut dengan Integrated Theoretical Model of State-Corporate Crime untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kejahatan dalam konflik agraria di Desa Wadas. Dengan level analisis kelembagaan, penulis melihat faktor-faktor kejahatan yang terjadi dalam katalisator tindakan: motivasi, kesempatan atau peluang, dan operasionalitas kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat (1) motivasi berupa tekanan ekonomi dan dan tujuan organisasi, (2) kesempatan atau peluang berupa ketersediaan sarana hukum dan ketersediaan cara-cara ilegal, dan (3) kurangnya operasionalitas kontrol berupa tekanan internasional, tekanan politik, dan sanksi hukum. Hal-hal tersebut dilihat oleh penulis sebagai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekerasan dalam konflik agraria yang terjadi di Desa Wadas. ......The construction of Bener Dam project in Bener District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java caused an agrarian conflict that occurred in Wadas Village. The plan to make Wadas Village into an andesite mining location to support the Bener Dam project was rejected by residents for various reasons. This becomes an agrarian conflict that produces direct violence and structural violence. This article views this violence as a state-corporate crime, where crime occurs as a result of interactions between the Indonesia government and PT PP that made illegal or socially injurious social action. This article uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The data in this article uses secondary data taken from various articles on the internet. This article then analyzes this phenomenon using the Integrated Theoretical Model of State-Corporate Crime to look at factors that caused the crime in Wadas Village. At the institutional level of analysis, the author looks at the crime factors that occur in the catalyst for action: motivation, opportunity, and operationality of control. The results of this research found that there are (1) motivation such as economic pressure and organizational goals, (2) opportunities such as the availability of legal and illegal means, and (3) lack of operationality of control such as international pressure, political pressure, and legal sanctions. The author sees these things as factors that caused violence in the agrarian conflict in Wadas Village.