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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini memaparkan hasil internalisasi biaya eksternal industri tahu skala kecil. Internalisasi biaya eksternal dilakukan dengan estimasi besaran kesediaan membayar iuran pengelolaan IPAL oleh Industri Tahu Skala Kecil dan perhitungan besaran subsidi oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang didasarkan survei menggunakan format Stated Preference dengan pendekatan metode Contingent Valuation di dua kelurahan di Kota Bandung. Metode elisitasi yang digunakan adalah closed-ended dichotomous choice melalui teknik Double Bounded (DB) dengan pengumpulan data melalui survei langsung ke Industri Tahu Skala Kecil. Dari 150 responden, 141 di antaranya (94%) bersedia membayar iuran pengelolaan IPAL. Analisis model DB dengan menggunakan semua data responden menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, lama usaha, status kepemilikan lahan dan jumlah konsumsi gas elpiji berhubungan positif dengan nilai WTP dan menjadi variabel yang signifikan pada level 0.05. Dari hasil estimasi yang dilakukan, nilai WTP sebesar Rp. 36.000,- perbulan. Sehingga internalisasi biaya eksternal dari industri tahu sebesar Rp. 18.144.000,- pertahun dan nilai subsisi dari pemerintah sebesar Rp. 23.202.000,- pertahun.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis presents the results of the internalization of external costs of smallscale tofu industries. Internalization of external costs is done with estimated amount of willingness to pay dues wastewater management by Smallscale Industries and calculated the amount of subsidy by the government. This research is quantitative based surveys using Stated Preference format under the Contingent Valuation approach, in two villages of Bandung City. Elicitation method employed was closed-ended dichotomous choice of Double-Bounded (DB) technique by collecting data through direct interviews to respondens. Calculated from the total of 150 respondents, 141 (94%) were willing to pay a management dues IPAL. DB model analysis using all the data of the respondents indicate that education, longterm business, land ownership status and amount of LPG consumption positively related to WTP value and be a significant variable in the level of 0,05. From the results of the estimates, the value of WTP is Rp. 36.000,- permonth. So the internalisation of external costs from industries is Rp. 18.144.000,- peryear and from the government subsidy is Rp. 23.202.000,- peryear;This thesis presents the results of the internalization of external costs of smallscale tofu industries. Internalization of external costs is done with estimated amount of willingness to pay dues wastewater management by Smallscale Industries and calculated the amount of subsidy by the government. This research is quantitative based surveys using Stated Preference format under the Contingent Valuation approach, in two villages of Bandung City. Elicitation method employed was closed-ended dichotomous choice of Double-Bounded (DB) technique by collecting data through direct interviews to respondens. Calculated from the total of 150 respondents, 141 (94%) were willing to pay a management dues IPAL. DB model analysis using all the data of the respondents indicate that education, longterm business, land ownership status and amount of LPG consumption positively related to WTP value and be a significant variable in the level of 0,05. From the results of the estimates, the value of WTP is Rp. 36.000,- permonth. So the internalisation of external costs from industries is Rp. 18.144.000,- peryear and from the government subsidy is Rp. 23.202.000,- peryear;This thesis presents the results of the internalization of external costs of smallscale tofu industries. Internalization of external costs is done with estimated amount of willingness to pay dues wastewater management by Smallscale Industries and calculated the amount of subsidy by the government. This research is quantitative based surveys using Stated Preference format under the Contingent Valuation approach, in two villages of Bandung City. Elicitation method employed was closed-ended dichotomous choice of Double-Bounded (DB) technique by collecting data through direct interviews to respondens. Calculated from the total of 150 respondents, 141 (94%) were willing to pay a management dues IPAL. DB model analysis using all the data of the respondents indicate that education, longterm business, land ownership status and amount of LPG consumption positively related to WTP value and be a significant variable in the level of 0,05. From the results of the estimates, the value of WTP is Rp. 36.000,- permonth. So the internalisation of external costs from industries is Rp. 18.144.000,- peryear and from the government subsidy is Rp. 23.202.000,- peryear, This thesis presents the results of the internalization of external costs of smallscale tofu industries. Internalization of external costs is done with estimated amount of willingness to pay dues wastewater management by Smallscale Industries and calculated the amount of subsidy by the government. This research is quantitative based surveys using Stated Preference format under the Contingent Valuation approach, in two villages of Bandung City. Elicitation method employed was closed-ended dichotomous choice of Double-Bounded (DB) technique by collecting data through direct interviews to respondens. Calculated from the total of 150 respondents, 141 (94%) were willing to pay a management dues IPAL. DB model analysis using all the data of the respondents indicate that education, longterm business, land ownership status and amount of LPG consumption positively related to WTP value and be a significant variable in the level of 0,05. From the results of the estimates, the value of WTP is Rp. 36.000,- permonth. So the internalisation of external costs from industries is Rp. 18.144.000,- peryear and from the government subsidy is Rp. 23.202.000,- peryear]

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berfokus untuk mengetahui hubungan contingent reward behavior terhadap hubungan atasan bawahan pada karyawan tenaga penjual FMCG. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner leader-member exchange 2008 , dan kuesioner contingent reward behavior yang diisi oleh tenaga penjual. Hasil uji yang dilakukan kepada 37 responden menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara contingent reward behavior dengan leader-member exchange. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut peneliti memfokuskan penelitian pada satu divisi di departemen penjualan yang memiliki leader-member exchange yang rendah dengan memberikan intervensi dalam bentuk coaching pada atasan. Hasil uji signifikansi perbedaan pre dan post test, menggunakan Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang diberikan berhasil meningkatkan contingent reward behavior dan berhasil menaikkan leader-member exchange.

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This study focused on understanding the relationship between contingent rewardbehavior and subordinate employees rsquo work practices in a fast moving consumergoods company. The study used the leader ndash member exchange questionnaire 2008 and the contingent reward behavior questionnaire 1984 . The results of the tests,which were conducted on 37 salespeople, showed a significant relationship betweencontingent reward behavior and leader ndash member exchange. Based on these results,researchers focused on one division in a sales department that had low leader ndash member exchange, providing intervention in the form of coaching for thesupervisor. Using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference in results betweenthe pre ndash post test indicated that the intervention provided improved contingentreward behavior and increased leader ndash member exchange.

Abstrak :
Perhitungan anuitas kontingensi merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang digunakan dalam perhitungan premi di dunia asuransi. Dalam menghitung anuitas, tingkat bunga seringkali diasumsikan konstan. Sedangkan, pada kenyataannya, tingkat bunga cenderung berubah-ubah dalam waktu yang tidak menentu dalam kontrak asuransi jiwa yang umumnya memiliki periode cukup panjang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan model tingkat bunga stokastik yang dapat menjelaskan randomness atau perilaku keacakan dari perubahan tingkat bunga. Hal ini bertujuan agar perhitungan anuitas kontingensi dapat digambarkan dengan lebih realistis yaitu sesuai dengan perilaku tingkat bunga dalam kehidupan nyata yang fluktuatif. Pada penelitian ini, akan dibangun kelas model tingkat bunga stokastik baru dengan memodelkan force of interest berdasarkan proses compound Poisson secara langsung. Proses compound Poisson yang digunakan dapat menjelaskan random jumps yang terjadi pada tingkat bunga stokastik. Pada penelitian ini ditelaah pembentukan force of interest berdasarkan proses compound Poisson, menelaah bentuk perumusan nilai sekarang, menganalisis fungsi akumulasi force of interest tingkat bunga stokastik, dan menelaah bentuk perumusan Actuarial Present Value (APV) dari anuitas kontingensi yang bersifat diskrit maupun kontinu. Seletah itu, dilakukan ilustrasi perhitungan anuitas kontingensi berdasarkan model tingkat bunga stokastik yang telah dibentuk. ......The calculation of contingency annuities is one of the important components used in calculating premiums in the insurance world. In calculating annuities, the interest rate is often assumed to be constant. Meanwhile, in reality, interest rates tend to fluctuate in an uncertain time in life insurance contracts which generally have a fairly long period. Therefore, we need a stochastic interest rate model that can explain the randomness or random behavior of interest rate changes. It is intended that the calculation of the contingency annuity can be described more realistically, namely in accordance with the fluctuating behavior of interest rates in real life. In this research, a new stochastic interest rate model class be built by modeling the force of interest based on the direct compound Poisson process. The compound Poisson process used can explain the random jumps that occur at the stochastic interest rate. This research examines the formation of force of interest based on the compound Poisson process, examines the form of the present value formulation, analyzes the function of the accumulation of force of interest stochastic interest rates, and examines the form of the formulation of Actuarial Present Value (APV) of discrete or continuous contingency annuities. After that, an illustration of the contingency annuity calculation is carried out based on the stochastic interest rate model that has been formed.

Abstrak :
Grip atau adhesi antara ban dan jalan adalah salah satu aspek yang paling penting dalam dinamika kendaraan karena grip akan menentukan apakah gaya gerak yang dihasilkan oleh mesin akan berubah menjadi gaya gerak seluruhnya oleh roda atau akan ada kerugian dalam bentuk perputaran roda yang berlebihan atau slip. Slip itu sendiri tergantung kepada besarnya gaya yang dihasilkan oleh mesin dan dengan koeifisen gesek dari jalanan dengan sehingga kondisi dari jalanan, seperti basah, kering, atau bersalju, akan mempengaruhi besarnya slip yang terjadi. Slip memiliki relasi yang bersifat nonlinear dengan miu terlebih lagi ketika terjadi perubahan kondisi jalanan dengan sehingga untuk perlu untuk dikendalikan dengan menggunakan pengendali prediktif agar transisi perubahan kondisi jalan yang terjadi menjadi lebih lembut. Pada penelitian ini, model dua roda nonlinear akan diidentifikasikan dengan menggunakan least square dan lalu hasil model linear yang telah diperoleh akan digunakan sebagai model acuan bagi pengendali MPC. MPC akan mengendalikan torsi yang masuk ke dalam plant berdasarkan masukan slip optimal untuk masing-masing kondisi jalanan. Hasil simulasi menunjukan disaat terjadi perubahan kondisi jalanan, seperti dari kering ke basah, MPC mampu memberikan sinyal pengendali sebelum terjadinya perubahan kondisi tersebut dan juga dengan respon slip dan kecepatan yang cepat tetapi tidak agresif. ......Grip, the adhesion between the tire and the road, is one of the most important aspect in vehicle dynamics because grip will determine if the driving force generated by the engine will be turned into moving force entirely by the wheel or will there be losses in forms of excessive wheel spin or slip. Slip alone depends on the force generated by the engine and the road friction coefficient thus the conditions of the road, e.g. dry, wet, snowy, will affect the slip. Slip has a nonlinear relation with road friction coefficient and furthermore the changing conditions of the road will make the relation even more nonlinear and thus the system is needed to be controlled with a predictive controller to make transitions of the changing road conditions smoother. In this research, a nonlinear two wheel model will be identified with least square and then the linear model generated by least square will be used as a model reference for MPC. MPC will control the torque entering the plant based on an optimal slip for each road conditions. Results of the simulations shows that when the road conditions are changed, e.g. from dry to wet, MPC is capable of giving a control signal well before the actual road conditions are changed, and furthermore the slip and speed response from the system is fast but not aggressive.