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Abstrak :
Paper ini menggambarkan pengembangan dari penggabungan generasi 5-axis NCpostprocessor dan NC-simulation. Penggabungan ini dibuat sedemikian mungkin pemanfaatan secara penuh kemampuan dari NC-postprocessor, NC-simulation dan mesin milling 5-axis. Selama NC-postprocessing, NC-simulation mengecek secara bersamaan antara posisi alat selama collision dan jika ini terjadi kemudian NC-postprocessor secara tiba-tiba mencari beberapa alternatif tanpa banyak campur tangan operator. Dalam pelaksanaannya metode pencegahan collision secara otomatis mencari kombinasi alternatif dari hasil posisi sumbu mesin yang sama dengan lintasan cutter, alternatif posisi ragum diatas meja berputar dan memanjangkan alat. This paper describes developments a generalised five axis NC-posprocessor and a NCsimulation package have been integrated. This integration makes it possible to exploit fully the capabilities of the NC-posprocessor, the NC-simulation package checks each tool position for collision and if this latter occurs, the C-postprocessor immediately looks for alternatives without any operator interventions. The implemented automatic collision avoidance methods are searching for alternative combinations of machine axis positions yielding the same tool orientation, alternatif clamping positions on rotary tables and tool lengths.

Abstrak :
Deceleration rate, time to collision and impact speed have been commonly employed as accident risk indicators. However, it is hard to assess the level of accident risk since these indicators have not been developed with measurable score criteria. This study focuses on the determination of measurable risk indicators which could be used to assess accident risk level and to determine more appropriate accident risk management strategies by using the descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected from a braking maneuver test conducted on a dry and level closed circuit course. Risk was a function of accident probability and its possible consequences, while accident probability was determined based on the safety factor, i.e. the ratio of available stopping sight distance (ASSD) to minimum SSD (MSSD), which was used to determine the margin of safety. Subsequently, accident consequence was determined using the impact speed at a predicted point of collision along the braking distance path. The results show that accident risk could be easily determined using the proposed indicators, whilst an objective and appropriate accident risk management strategy could be determined based on the minimum margin of safety value which could be obtained from each risk exposure.