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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Gangguan fungsi kognitif dapat terjadi pada pekerja yang terpajan toluen. Gangguan fungsi kognitif tersebut terutama adalah penurunan memori, atensi dan konsentrasi, yang dapat menurunkan produktifitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi kognitif dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Metode Penelitian. Desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 102 orang pekerja perempuan usia 19-40 tahun dan pendidikan minimal SMA. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium serta MMSE. Kriteria inklusi adalah masa kerja ≥ 1 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden dengan menandatangani informed consent. Kriteria eksklusi adalah hamil, menstruasi,merokok, minum alkohol, riwayat cedera kepala, hipertensi, gula darah dan dislipidemia. Faktor risiko yang diteliti antara lain umur, status perkawinan, masa kerja, lama kerja, kepatuhan pakai masker , stres kerja dan status gizi. Umur, status perkawinan,masa kerja dan lama kerja diambil dari data HRD. Status gizi didapatkan dari perhitungan Indeks Massa Tubuh. Kepatuhan pakai masker berdasarkan pengawasan kepatuhan APD. Stres kerja dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Survey Diagnostik Stress . Hasil. Walaupun kadar toluen didapat lebih kecil dari nilai ambang batas toluen , didapatkan prevalensi gangguan fungsi kognitif sebesar 52 %. Area kognitif yang menurun adalah atensi kalkulasi dan visuospasial. Faktor risiko yang secara bermakna mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif adalah masa kerja, lama kerja, kepatuhan pemakaian masker, stres kerja yang meliputi konflik peran, ketaksaan peran, beban kerja kualitatif, beban kerja kuantitatif, pengembangan karir dan tanggung jawab rekan kerja. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan konflik peran merupakan faktor risiko yang paling mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif ( OR 7,546 Interval kepercayaan 95% 1,5 ? 41,88 ) Kesimpulan. Prevalensi penurunan fungsi kognitif studi ini lebih besar dari penelitian sebelumnya dan teori. Aspek kognitif yang menurun didominasi oleh atensi kalkulasi dan visuospasial. Konflik peran merupakan faktor risiko yang paling mempengaruhi gangguan fungsi kognitif.

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ABSTRACT
Background. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention ? Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 ? 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention ? calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment;Background. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention – Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 – 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention – calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment, Background. Cognitive Function Impairment can happen among workers expose by Toluene. This impairment mainly effect in attention, concentration and memory function, and can decrease working productivity. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Cognitive Function impairment and related risk factors Method. Cross sectional design study was conducted on 102 female workers, age 19-40 years old and graduated from senior high school. Age and education were obtained from secondary data, and followed by interviews, physical and laboratory examination and Mini Mental States Examination. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 1 year of work and willing to be the subject of research. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, menstruation, smoker, Alcohol consumption, history of head injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia. Risk factor included in this study were age, marital status, duration of work,time of work, PPE obedience ,work stress and nutritional status. Age, Marital status, Duration and Time of work were from secondary data of HRD department. Nutritional status was obtained from body mass index calculation. face mask obedience was obtained from data of wearing mask compliance. Work stress was assessed using Survey Diagnostic Stress Questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of Cognitive Function Impairment was 52 % , mainly at Attention – Calculation and Visuospasial Aspect respectively. Significant risk factors ( p value < 0,05 ) in this study were duration of work and time of work, PPE obedience and all of work stress domain. The Result of multivariate analysis show that conflict of role was the most influence factor ( OR 7,546 C.I 95% 1,5 – 41,88 ) Conclusion. This study found that the prevalence of cognitive function impairment was higher than theory and other similar studies . Cognitive aspects mainly affected were attention – calculation and visuospatial. Conflict of role was the most inluence risk factor relating with cognitive function impairment]

Abstrak :
Karbon monoksida merupakan senyawa gas yang tidak berbau, tidak berwarna dan tidak berasa tetapi sangat beracun. Karbon monoksida terutama berasal dari asap hasil pembakaran mesin dan kendaraan bermotor. Keracunan terutama terjadi karena proses inhalasi dan melalui mekanisme hipoksia, selanjutnya dapat menimbulkan gangguan sistem saraf pusat dengan gejala gangguan neurobehavioral dan fungsi kognitif. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara pajanan kronis karbon monoksida dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pekerja di lokasi parkir dalam gedung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, melibatkan 93 pekerja di lokasi parkir dalam gedung rumah sakit dan hotel di Jakarta pada tahun 2015. Pengukuran kadar karbon monoksida di udara lingkungan kerja dilakukan 1 kali menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dengan iodida pentoksida. Pengukuran kadar COHb dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi gas melalui udara CO ekshalasi, sedangkan fungsi kognitif dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Prevalensi gangguan fungsi kognitif pada populasi pekerja di lokasi parkir dalam gedung 22,58%. Gangguan fungsi kognitif memiliki hubungan bermakna (p<0,05) berturut-turut dengan kadar CO ruang (ORcr=4,28; 95% CI = 1,15-15,86), kadar COHb (ORcr=6,5; 95% CI = 2,21-19,10) dan kebiasaan merokok (ORcr=6,81; 95% CI = 1,98-23,42). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko utama yang berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif adalah kadar COHb ≥5% (ORadj=4,47; 95% CI = 1,23-16,25). Disimpulkan pajanan kronis CO di udara lingkungan kerja dapat menimbulkan gangguan fungsi kognitif yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar COHb dalam darah. Kebiasaan merokok merupakan faktor perancu utama, karena dapat secara langsung meningkatkan kadar COHb dalam darah dan menimbulkan gangguan fungsi kognitif melalui mekanisme kerusakan sel syaraf. Pemerintah perlu menyusun regulasi terkait pembangunan fasilitas parkir dalam gedung untuk menjamin kesehatan dan keselamatan pekerja.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, nonirritating, odorless and tasteless gas. The most important human-made source of CO arises from the exhaust of automobiles. Carbon monoxide chronic intoxication mostly occurs from an inhalation process and can cause brain damage due to its sensitivity over hypoxia, and leads to various neural defects including neurobehavioral and cognitive function disturbance. This study aimed to determine the relationship between chronic CO exposure and cognitive function among basement parking lot workers. This study used a cross-sectional design, involving 93 people age 20-40 years who work in a hospital or hotel basement parking lot in Jakarta on 2015. Carbon monoxide air levels in workplace were measured using iodine pentoxidespectrophotometric method, while COHb levels were measured once using Gas Chromatography through a CO exhalation procedure. Cognitive function was determined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire. Study result showed the CO air levels were all below threshold limit value (TLV) of 29 mg/m3. The prevalence of impaired cognitive function among basement parking lot workers was 22,58%. Carbon monoxide air levels, COHb levels and smoking habit factors were statistically significant related to impaired cognitive function, with ORcr 4.28 (95% CI = 1,15-15,86); ORcr 6.5 (95% CI = 2,21-19,10); and ORcr 6.81(95% CI = 1,98-23,42). Logistic regression method shows COHb levels is the only predictive factor of cognitive function with ORadj 4.47 (95% CI = 1,23-16,25). Therefore, it is concluded that chronic exposure of CO in the air workplace can cause cognitive function impairment, marked by a significant increase of COHb levels. Smoking habit is the main confounding factor, for it can directly increase COHb levels and impair cognitive function. Government should establish a punctual and effective regulation on how to build a basement parking lot facility regarding the safety of the workers.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Proses penuaan dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Lansia dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif mengalami peningkatan metabolisme yang dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan fungsi kognitif dengan indeks massa tubuh lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha wilayah DKI Jakarta. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan melibatkan 98 lansia yang dipilih melalui proportional dan simple random sampling. Fungsi kognitif dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination, sedangkan status gizi dinilai dengan menggunakan indeks massa tubuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dan indeks massa tubuh (r= 0,550; p= 0,0001; α= 0,05). Pemberi pelayanan di panti perlu memiliki keterampilan khusus untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada lansia dengan penurunan kognitif.

Abstrak :
Lansia mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif sebagai akibat dari perubahan struktur otak dan jaringan saraf, yang dapat memengaruhi aktivitas sehari-hari mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh aktivitas mencocokkan gambar terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Total partisipan penelitian sebanyak 93 lansia yang tinggal di panti wreda di Provinsi Jakarta, dengan 46 lansia di kelompok intervensi dan 47 lansia di kelompok kontrol. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia 60 tahun ke atas, mandiri, dapat berkomunikasi, tidak mengalami depresi, dan tidak memiliki gangguan penglihatan serta pendengaran. Intervensi yang diberikan adalah aktivitas mencocokkan gambar sebanyak 12 sesi dalam 4 minggu, yang dimulai dari bulan Mei hingga bulan Juni 2023. Variabel dependen adalah fungsi kognitif yang diukur menggunakan instrumen Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Efektivitas intervensi dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara rerata skor fungsi kognitif sebelum dilakukan intervensi dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi pada kelompok intervensi (p<0,001), namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada kelompok kontrol. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa koefisien regresi untuk variabel intervensi adalah 2,55 dengan nilai p<0,05, yang berarti pemberian intervensi dapat meningkatkan selisih rerata skor fungsi kognitif sebesar 2,55 poin. Intervensi aktivitas mencocokkan gambar terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan fungsi kognitif lansia. Oleh karena itu, pengelola PSTW dapat mempertimbangkan penambahan aktivitas pelatihan daya ingat bagi lansia. ......Older adults experience a decline in cognitive function as a result of changes in brain structure and nerve tissue, which can affect their daily activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of matching picture activities on the cognitive function of the older adults. The research design used is a quasi-experimental design with a control group. A total of 93 elderly participants residing in PSTW of DKI Jakarta Province were involved, with 46 elderly individuals in the intervention group and 47 elderly individuals in the control group. Inclusion criteria included being 60 years of age or older, independent, able to communicate, no depression symptom, and having no visual or hearing impairments. The intervention provided was a series of 12 matching picture sessions over 4 weeks, from May until June 2023. The dependent variable was cognitive function, measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) instrument. The effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using t-tests and multiple linear regression. The results revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of cognitive functions in the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p<0.001), but no significant difference was found in the control group. Multivariate analysis showed that the regression coefficient for the intervention variable was 2.55 with a p-value of <0.05, indicating that the intervention could increase the difference in mean scores of cognitive functions by 2.55 points. The matching picture intervention was proven effective in improving the cognitive function of the elderly. Therefore, the management of institutionalized care service could consider adding memory training activities for the elderly.

Abstrak :
Cognitive function reduction is a normal situation in which elderly usually experienced This condition might be decreased or inhibited by increasing the physical activities The purpose of this research is to identify the relation between physical activity with the cognitive function of the elderly Research design used cross sectional approach with cluster sampling method on 104 elderly people This research sample dominated by female elderly age 60 74 years old not graduated from junior high school not registered in school married status and having chronic diseases The result showed that there is a relation between the level of physical activity and the cognitive function of elderly people p 0 000 0 05 Nurses are expected to prevent decline in cognitive function through increasing physical activity in the form of Cognitive function reduction is a normal situation in which elderly usually experienced. This condition might be decreased or inhibited by increasing the physical activities. The purpose of this research is to identify the relation between physical activity with the cognitive function of the elderly. Research design used cross sectional approach with cluster sampling method on 104 elderly people. This research sample dominated by female elderly age 60-74 years old, not graduated from junior high school/not registered in school, married status, and having chronic diseases. The result showed that there is a relation between the level of physical activity and the cognitive function of elderly people (p=0.000; ɑ=0.05). Nurses are expected to prevent decline in cognitive function through increasing physical activity in the form of physical exercise. Moreover, the next research is expected to continue to study about the intensity, duration, frequency, and other kinds of physical exercise which are good to increase the cognitive function for the elderly.

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Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan keadaan normal yang dialami oleh lansia. Keadaan ini dapat dikurangi atau dihambat dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan fungsi kognitif lansia. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan metode cluster sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 104 responden lansia. Sampel penelitian ini rata-rata didominasi lansia perempuan yang berusia 60-74 tahun, tidak lulus SD/tidak sekolah, masih berstatus nikah, dan memiliki penyakit kronis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan fungsi kognitif lansia (p=0.000; ɑ=0.05). Perawat diharapkan dapat mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas fisik lansia berupa latihan fisik. Selain itu, penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melakukan studi mengenai intensitas, durasi, frekuensi, dan jenis latihan fisik yang paling baik untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.

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Terapi Murottal Al Fatihah dan Azan merupakan terapi dengan memperdengarkan Surah Al Fatihah dan Azan sebagai stimulus auditory sensory pada pasien cedera kepala Penelitian ini, bertujuan agar diketahuinya pengaruh stimulasi terapi murottal al fatihah dan azan terhadap pemulihan fungsi kognitif dan perilaku. Menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen pre post test design with control group. sampel sebanyak 24 orang. Kelompok kontrol hanya mendapatkan pengobatan sesuai diprogramkan sedangkan kelompok intervensi selain mendapatkan pengobatan juga diberi stimulasi terapi murottal al-fatihah dan azan 5 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Penilaian pemulihan fungsi kognitif dan perilaku n pada hari ke-3 dan ke-7 dengan menggunakan skala Ranchos Los Amigos Level Cognitive Functioning Scale. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pemulihan fungsi kognitif dan perilaku diantara kelompok intervensi dan control (p value = 0,046). Terapi Murottal Al fatihah dan Azan meningkatkan proses pemulihan fungsi kognitif dan perilaku, sehingga terapi ini disarankan diberikan pada pasien cedera kepala yang mengalami penurunan kesadaran. ...... Murottal Al-Fatihah and Azan therapy is an intervention using surah Al-Fatihah and Azan as auditory sensory stimulus in patients with head injury. The research was aimed to know the effect of auditory sensory stimulation on cognitive function and behavior recovery effect. This study was quantitative research using a quasi-experimental with pre-posttest design with control group. This study used 24 respondents. The control group only received treatment according to the usual programme while the intervention group received treatment and also stimulated by murottal al-Fatihah and azan 5 times a day for 7 days. Recovery rate of cognitive function and behavior were evaluated in the first, 3 days and followed at 7 days use Ranchos Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale. There was a significant effect of cognitive function and behavior recovery between the intervention and control groups (p value = 0.046). Murottal Al Fatihah and Azan therapy improve recovery process of cognitive function and behavior, therefore this therapy can be use for head injury patients with loss of consciousness.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Perawatan demensia dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif yang dialami oleh pelaku rawat keluarga. Intervensi keperawatan holistik pada pelaku rawat keluarga selama merawat lansia dengan demensia dapat mengurangi dampak negatif akibat merawat lansia dengan demensia. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi efektivitas model KASIH terhadap kualitas pengasuhan, beban pelaku rawat, salah perlakuan, dan fungsi kognitif lansia dengan demensia. Metodologi: Penelitian menggunakan penelitian operasional melibatkan 114 responden dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling. Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna dari waktu ke waktu antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi pada skor kualitas pengasuhan (nilai ρ .001), skor beban (nilai ρ .001), skor salah perlakuan (nilai ρ .001), dan skor fungsi kognitif (nilai ρ .001). Simpulan: Model KASIH mampu meningkatkan skor kualitas pengasuhan, menurunkan skor beban pelaku rawat keluarga dan salah perlakuan, serta memperlambat penurunan fungsi kognitif setelah evaluasi 2 bulan dan 4 bulan. Model KASIH dapat diadopsi untuk meningkatkan dampak positif pengasuhan lansia dengan demensia pada pelaku rawat keluarga dan lansia dengan demensia. ......Background: Dementia care can have a negative impact on family caregivers. Holistic nursing interventions for family caregivers while caring for the elderly with dementia can reduce the negative impact of caring for the elderly with dementia. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the KASIH model on the quality of care, caregiver burden, mistreatment, and cognitive function of the elderly with dementia. Method: The study used operational research, involved 114 respondents which sampling was done by simple random sampling. Results: There were significant differences over time between the control and intervention groups on quality of care scores (ρ .001), burden scores (ρ .001), mistreatment scores (ρ .001), and cognitive function scores (ρ .001). Conclusion: The KASIH model improved caregiving quality scores, reduced family caregiver burden and mistreatment scores, and slowed cognitive function decline after 2-month and 4-month evaluations. The KASIH model can be adopted to increase the positive impact of caring for older people with dementia on family caregivers and older people with dementia.