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Abstrak :
Diversitas Molekuler Berbasis ISSR pada Durio tanjungpurensis Asal Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Durian Tengkurak (Durio tanjungpurensis Navia) adalah salah satu spesies langka yang eksotis dari suku Malvaceae. Durian tersebut bernilai penting untuk konservasi plasma nutfah dan berpotensi sebagai sumber daya genetik untuk pengembangan durian di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keragaman molekuler D. tanjungpurensis asal Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan penanda Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Sepuluh primer ISSR digunakan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik 60 individu Durian Tengkurak dari enam populasi endemik alami D. tanjungpurensis. Parameter keragaman genetik didasarkan pada data biner pita DNA produk PCR, yaitu ada atau tidak- ada pita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jumlah alel, rata-rata jumlah efektif alel, diversitas genetik, indeks informasi Shannon, jumlah polimorfik lokus, dan persentase polimorfik lokus berturut-turut adalah 1,53, 1,29, 0,17, 0,26, 77,83 dan 52,59. Analisis ragam molekuler (AMOVA) menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang lebih tinggi di dalam populasi (65%) dibandingkan antar populasi (35%). Analisis gugus menggunakan metode UPGMA berdasarkan matriks keserupaan Dice dan analisis koordinat utama digunakan untuk mengelompokkan semua individu populasi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu grup 1 (Hutan Rejunak dan Tembaga), grup 2 (Bukit Merindang), dan grup 3 (Hutan Rawak, Bukit Sagu 1 dan Bukit Sagu 2). Analisis lebih lanjut terhadap struktur populasi menggunakan program STRUCTURE menyatukan grup 2 dan 3 ke dalam satu grup utama. Penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap keragaman genetik Durian Tengkurak menggunakan penanda ISSR.

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The Durian Tengkurak (Durio tanjungpurensis Navia) is one of the endangered exotic species in the Malvaceae family. The species is important for conservation of the germplasm and is considered a potential genetic resource for the development of durian in the future. The objective of this research project was to assess the molecular diversity of D. tanjungpurensis in West Kalimantan, based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. We applied ten ISSR primers to reveal the genetic diversity of 60 individuals from six natural endemic D. tanjungpurensis populations. The genetic diversity parameters were estimated based on binary data about PCR products (present or absent bands). The results showed that the mean number of observed alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the genetic diversity, the Shannon?s Information Index score, the number of polymorphic loci, and the percentage of polymorphic loci were 1.53, 1.29, 0.17, 0.26, 77.83, and 52.59, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic diversity within a population (65%) was higher than that found between the populations (35%). UPGMA clustering and principal coordinate analysis, based on the DICE similarity matrix, were used to classify the populations into three groups: 1) Hutan Rejunak and Tembaga, 2) Bukit Merindang, and 3) Hutan Rawak, Bukit Sagu 1, and Bukit Sagu 2. Further analysis of the population structure using STRUCTURE software was used to classify all the individuals into two major categories, thus uniting Groups 2 and 3 as one major category. In conclusion, a high level of genetic diversity in the Durian Tengkurak was revealed utilizing the ISSR markers employed in the study.

Abstrak :
The rice transformation technology is not only provides. valuable methods for the introduction of useful genes into rice plant to improve important agronomic traits, but also helps in studying gene function and regulation based on rice genome sequence information. Knockout of genes by insertional mutagenesis is a straight forward method to identify gene functions ..

Abstrak :
Detection of multiplex microsatellite markers in a single capillary array on a laser detection system is traditionally conducted with specific primers that are labelled with fluorescent dyes. An alternative method using fluorescent labels that are appended to 5' end of universal primer M13 instead of to the specific primers offers flexibility in designning multiplex panels and a less expensive method ...

Abstrak :
Penyakit blas pada padi yang disebabkan oleh cendawan pyricularia grisea, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam produksi beras Sumber gen ketahanan terhadap penyakit blas dijumpai pada spesies padi liar. Populasi silang ganda turunan IR64 terhadap penyakit blas ...

Abstrak :
Cell suspension culture could be defined as a process that allows rapidly dividing homogeneous suspension of cells to grow in liquid nutrient media. there are two main types of suspension cultures: (1) Batch cultures in which cells are nurtured in a fixed volume of medium until growth ceases and (2) continuous cultures in which cell growth is maintained by continuous replenishment of sterile nutrient media ...

Abstrak :
Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants (sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide. Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole in Indonesia has been reported from some government owned farms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previous study on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that the BZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in a population possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The study is aimed to determine mutation on coding region of central part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistant strain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms were isolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two government farms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and from a BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java. DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortus worms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon 3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and then sequenced. The results showed that a single mutation occurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) had caused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamate to glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), and codon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon).

Abstrak :
Interaction of AtMEK1-EXGT in Arabidopsis thaliana after Wounding. Toto Hadiarto and Fumio Nanba. Protein interactions occur within cellular level of stimulated plant cells to relay signals from receptors to production of re- sponse. AtMEK1-EXGT interaction had been detected in non- treated Arabidopsis. In this research, interaction between AtMEK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase of Arabidopsis thaliana, and EXGT, endoxyloglucan trans- ferase, after the plant was wounded was examined using co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro phosphorylation assay. The results demonstrated that EXGT interact with AtMEK1 soon after and 10 minutes after wounding. In addition, AtMEK1 phosphorylation activity increased when increased level of EXGT was incorporated into the reaction mixture. These indicate that EXGT amplifies wound-caused phos- phorylation activity of AtMEK1. The results elucidate part of the AtMEKK1-AtMEK1-AtMPK4 cascade which is stimulated by wounding. How the complex interaction between EXGT, AtMEK1 and AtMPK4 fits within the cascade is remained to be uncovered.

Abstrak :
Genetic Diversity of Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae Based on a Specific Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR). Tasliah, Reflinur, and Masdiar Bustamam. Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It can be very destructive in the field, when the environmental conditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity of this pathogen could assist plant breeders in determining strategy for a successful control of the disease. This study was conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzae isolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCR technique. These primers were designed from a transposon element of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNA samples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzae collected from two endemic areas of the disease in Indonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, West Java, as well as from some non-endemic areas in North Sumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicated that the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. The most dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highest frequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%) followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot 2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates, we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117 samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples), and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra (out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P. oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number of samples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and rice genotypes from which the isolates were collected.

Abstrak :
Isolasi Pandangolide 1 dari Cladosporium oxysporum, suatu Endofit dari Tanaman Terestrial Alyxia reindwartii. Pandangolide 1 berhasil diisolasi dari ekstrak etil asetat jamur endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inang A. reinwardtii. Struktur pandangolide 1 dijelaskan berdasarkan data spektroskopi masa dan NMRnya. Pandangolide 1 pertama kali dilaporkan diisolasi dari cendawan endofit C. oxysporum yang hidup dalam tanaman inang di darat.

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Pandangolide 1 was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Cladosporium oxysporum cultures. The fungus was originally obtained from Alyxia reinwardtii. The structure of pandangolide 1 was elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and accurate mass spectrometric data. This is the first report of the isolation of pandangolide 1 from endophytic C. oxysporum derived from a terrestrial host plant.