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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi HIV/AIDS di Indonesia mengalami peningkatansignifikan setiap tahunnya, termasuk di Bali dan Gianyar, namun pemanfaatan VCTmasih rendah, di Gianyar hanya 28,4 . Rendahnya pemanfaatan VCT berhubungandengan faktor-faktor seperti umur, status perkawinan, pendidikan, pekerjaan,pengetahuan HIV-AIDS dan VCT, persepsi pelayanan kesehatan, stigma,diskriminatif, dukungan pasangan, keluarga dan teman, dukungan petugas kesehatan,dukungan LSM, keterampilan petugas dan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatanklinik VCT HIV-AIDS di RSUD Sanjiwani, Gianyar tahun 2017. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang, metode kuantitatif. Populasipenelitian adalah seluruh responden yang berkunjung ke klinik VCT RSUDSanjiwani. Sampel adalah seluruh responden yang berkunjung ke klinik VCT bulanOktober sampai November 2017 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, bersedia ikut dalampenelitian dan menandatangani inform consent dan sampel diambil secara konsekutif.Pengumpulan data primer dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, data sekunderdiambil dari register kunjungan klinik VCT. Analisis data menggunakan spss danpenyajian hasil dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil: Terdapat 70 responden yang ikut dalam penelitian ini, didapatkan hubunganbermakna antara umur, pengetahuan VCT, sikap keluarga, sikap pasangan, dukunganLSM, akses pelayanan kesehatan dengan persepsi individu. Adanya hubunganbermakna antara umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan HIV-AIDS, pengetahuan VCT,persepsi pelayanan kesehatan, stigma dan diskriminasi, sikap keluarga, sikappasangan, sikap petugas kesehatan, dukungan LSM, keterampilan petugas kesehatandan persepsi individu terhadap pemanfaatan VCT. Persepsi individu, stigma dandiskriminasi merupakan tiga faktor dominan berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan VCT. Kesimpulan: terdapat berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan VCT,pada penelitian ini persepsi individu, stigma, umur dan diskriminasi behubungandominan terhadap pemanfaatan VCT. Adanya stigma dan diskriminatif yang tinggi,serta rendahnya persepsi undividu, perlu dilakukan intervensi untuk mengeliminasihal tersebut.

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Background: Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Indonesia has increased significantlyevery year, including in Bali and Gianyar, but VCT utilization is verry low, inGianyar just only 28.4. The low utilization of VCT relates to factors such as age,marital status, education, employment, HIV AIDS knowledge and VCT, healthservice perceptions, stigma, discrimination, partner support, family and friends,health care support, NGO support, access to health services. Aims: To know the factors related to the utilization of VCT HIV AIDS clinic inRSUD Sanjiwani, Gianyar 2017. Methods: This research is cross sectional study, quantitative method. The study population was all respondents who visited the VCT clinic RSUD Sanjiwani.Samples were all respondents who visited VCT clinics from October to November2017 who met the inclusion criteria, were willing to take part in the research and signthe informed consent and the sample was taken consecutively. Primary datacollection by interview using questionnaires, secondary data is taken from the VCTclinic visit register. Data analysis using spss and presentation of results in tabularform. Results: There were 70 respondents who participated in this study, found significantrelationship between age, knowledge of VCT, family attitudes, couples attitude, NGOsupport, access to health services with individual perceptions. There is a significantrelationship between age, education, HIV AIDS knowledge, VCT knowledge, healthservice perceptions, stigma and discrimination, family attitudes, partner attitudes, health officer attitudes, NGO support, health officer skills and individual perceptionsof VCT utilization. Individual perceptions, stigma and discrimination are the threedominant factors associated with VCT utilization. Conclusions: There are various factors related to the utilization of VCT, in this studyindividual perceptions, stigma, age and discrimination are dominant relation to theutilization of VCT. High stigma and discrimination and low individual perceptions,need to be intervened to eliminate it.

Abstrak :
Stigma dan sikap diskriminatif terhadap ODHA merupakan sikap negatif masyarakat yang bersifat merendahkan dan menghambat kehidupan ODHA. Diperlukan pengurangan stigma dan sikap diskriminatif di masyarakat agar pencegahan dan pengendalian HIV/AIDS dapat berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian stigma dan sikap diskriminatif terhadap ODHA pada masyarakat berstatus kawin dan hidup bersama. Pendekatan potong-lintang dilakukan dengan menggunakan data SDKI 2017 pada 34.950 responden. Nilai asosiasi pemberian stigma dan sikap diskriminatif menggunakan prevalence ratio (PR) dan 95% confidence interval (CI). Dari seluruh responden didapatkan 22.419 (64,1%) memiliki stigma dan sikap diskriminatif terhadap ODHA. Faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan stigma dan sikap diskriminatif terhadap ODHA yaitu usia (POR: 1,08; 95% CI: 1,048 – 1,112), tingkat pendidikan (POR: 1,037; 95% CI: 1,004 – 1,07), pengetahuan komprehensif HIV/AIDS (POR: 1,26; 95% CI: 1,23 – 1,3), keterpaparan informasi HIV/AIDS (POR: 1,07; 95% CI: 1,04 – 1,1), pengaruh pasangan terkait HIV/AIDS (POR: 1,03; 95% CI: 1 – 1,06), dan pengaruh emosional terkait HIV/AIDS (POR: 1,5; 95% CI: 1,42 – 1,57). Dibutuhkan pendekatan komprehensif dari segala pihak untuk mengurangi stigma dan sikap diskriminatif terhadap ODHA berupa edukasi dan penyebaran informasi yang merata mengenai HIV/AIDS serta pemberdayaan bagi ODHA. ......Stigma and discriminatory attitude towards PLWHA is a negative attitude of society that degrading and inhibits life of PLWHA. It is necessary to reduce stigma and discriminatory attitude in community to run HIV/AIDS prevention and control optimally. This study aims to identify factors that influence stigma and discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA among married society and living together. The cross-sectional approach was carried out using the IDHS 2017 data with 34,950 respondents. Association between stigma and discriminatory attitudes was estimated through the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). From all respondents, 22,419 (64.1%) have stigma and discriminatory attitude towards PLWHA. Factors associated with stigma and discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA are age (POR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.048 – 1.112), education level (POR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.004 – 1.07), comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (POR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.23 – 1.3), exposure to HIV/AIDS information (POR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.1), partner influence related to HIV/AIDS (POR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1 – 1.06), and emotional influence related to HIV/AIDS (POR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.42 – 1.57). There should be a comprehensive approach from all parties to reduce the stigma and discriminatory attitudes towards PLWHA such as educational and equitable information dissemination of HIV/AIDS and empowerment for PLWHA.

Abstrak :
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV merupakan tantangan terbesar dalam pengendalian tuberkulosis. Di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 3 pasien TB dengan status HIV positif. Sebaliknya TB merupakan tantangan bagi pengendalian Acquired Immunodeficiency Deficiency Syndrome AIDS karena merupakan infeksi oportunistik terbanyak terdapat 49 pada ODHA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepatuhan minum obat antiretroviral terhadap ketahanan hidup pasien TB-HIV di RSUD Koja Tahun 2013 ndash; 2017. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah desain kohort retrospekstif. Jumlah sampel pada studi ini adalah 111 pasien TB-HIV yang diambil secara keseluruhan. Dari studi ini, diketahui pada kelompok yang patuh minum obat antiretroviral ARV mengalami event /meninggal 31 , sebanyak 79,7 pasien masih hidup dan pasien yang lost follow up sebanyak 34,8. Hasil analisis multivariabel dengan regresi cox time dependent menunjukkan bahwa hazard ratio HR kematian menurut kepatuhan minum ARV berbeda-beda sesuai waktu. Dalam 1 tahun pengamatan, pasien yang tidak patuh minum ARV memiliki hazard 2,85 kali lebih cepat mengalami kematian daripada yang patuh minum ARV. Kemudian pasien yang tidak patuh minum ARV selama 4 tahun pengamatan 2013-2017 memiliki hazard terjadinya kematian sebesar 11,49 kali. Terdapat interaksi kepatuhan minum ARV dengan infeksi oportunistik. Pada pasien yang tidak patuh minum ARV dengan infeksi oportunistik lebih dari 2, efeknya lebih rendah 0,4 kali dibandingkan dengan pasien yang patuh minum ARV memiliki infeksi oportunistik kurang dari 2. Dianjurkan kepada pasien untuk melakukan pemeriksaan CD4 secara rutin 6 bulan sekali dan tidak lupa meminum obat secara teratur guna mencapai ketahanan hidup dan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. ...... Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is the biggest challenge in tuberculosis control. In Indonesia, approximately 3 of TB patients with HIV status are positive. Conversely, TB is a challenge for the control of Acquired Immunodeficiency Deficiency Syndrome AIDS because it is the most opportunistic infection there is 49 in people living with HIV. This study aims to determine the effect of antiretroviral drug adherence to the survival of HIV TB patients in Koja Hospital Year 2013 2015. The study design used is retrospective cohort design. The number of samples in this study were 111 whole TB HIV patients taken as a whole. From this study, it was found that in the ARV group experienced event dying 31 , 79.7 of patients were still alive and the patients lost follow up 34.8. The result of multivariable analysis with cox time dependent regression showed that hazard ratio HR mortality according to ARV adherence was different according to time. Within 1 year of observation, patients who did not adhere to taking antiretroviral drugs had a hazard of 2.85 times faster mortality than those who were obedient to taking ARVs. Then patients who did not adhere to taking antiretrovirals for 4 years of observation 2013 2017 had a death hazard of 11.49 times. There is an interaction of antiretroviral adherence with opportunistic infections. In patients who did not adhere to taking antiretroviral drugs with more than 2 opportunistic infections, the effect was 0.4 times lower than those who were adherent on taking ARVs had less than 2 opportunistic infections. It is advisable to patients to have routine CD4 checks every 6 months and not forget taking medication regularly to achieve better survival and quality of life.

Abstrak :

Latar Belakang :  Penyakit akibat infeksi HIV memiliki pola penyebaran yang luas dan dapat menimbulkan kematian, oleh karena itu perlu mendapatkan akses pendampingan, pengobatan dan perawatan yang efektif dan efisien. Namun saat ini angka putus obat ARV di Indonesia masih tinggi dan 22% diantaranya loss follow up. Provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah salah satu provinsi yang memiliki jumlah penderita HIV terbanyak di Indonesia yaitu sebesar 65.578 orang dengan jumlah kasus Odha yang mengalami loss follow up yaitu 10.851 orang atau sekitar 17 % dari jumlah penderita HIV. Disisi lain Provinsi DKI Jakarta adalah salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah layanan KT, jumlah layanan rujukan PDP dan jumlah layanan satelit PDP terbanyak di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2019 Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat merupakan wilayah dengan jumlah kasus LFU tertinggi kedua setelah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat dengan peningkatan jumlah kasus Odha loss follow up setiap tahunnya. Jakarta Barat memiliki kasus Odha loss follow up pada tahun 2019 dengan total 2210 kasus dan 4950 Odha on ART. Maka diperlukan perencanaan strategi, salah satunya dengan cara melihat sebaran dan kecenderungan penyebaran kasus Odha loss follow up melalui pemanfaatan sistem informasi geografi sebagai salah satu bahan untuk malakukan pemantauan dan evuasi program sehingga diharapkan dapat meminimalisir dan mencegah meningkatnya angka kasus Odha loss follow up di wilayah Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat.

Tujuan : Bahan perencanaan dalam menentukan strategi yang efektif dan efisien untuk meminimalisir dan mencegah meningkatnya angka kasus loss follow up pada Odha yang di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat

Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang terkait dengan determinan kasus loss follow up pada Odha tahun 2017-2019 yang diperoleh dari Suku Dinas Kesehatan Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis statistik serta analisis spasial dengan  overlay.

Hasil : Jumlah kasus Odha yang mengalami loss follow up di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat terus menunjukan peningkatan jumlah dari tahun 2017 hingga 2019. Jenis kelamin dan kelompok umur Odha memiliki korelasi kuat dan signifikan terhadap kejadian kasus loss follow up pada Odha. Tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara Odha dengan perilaku seks berisiko Odha dengan kejadian loss follow up. Kecamatan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat yang terus mengalami peningkatan jumlah kasus loss follow up yang sangat signifikan dari tahun 2017 hingga 2019 adalah Kecamatan Palmerah. Hasil overlay dan skoring menunjukan bahwa Kecamatan Palmerah dan Tambora merupakan wilayah paling berisiko dan rawan untuk terjadinya peningkatan angka kasus loss follow up pada Odha. 

Kata Kunci : HIV, AIDS, Sistem Informasi Geografis, Loss Follow Up, overlay. 

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Background : Disease caused by HIV infection has a widespread pattern and can cause death, therefore it is necessary to get access to assistance, treatment, and care that is effective and efficient. However, currently, the rate of dropping out of ARV drugs in Indonesia is still high and 22% of them are losing follow-up. Province of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta is one of the provinces that has the highest number of HIV sufferers in Indonesia, amounting to 65,578 people with the number of HIVpositive cases experiencing loss follow-up to 10,851 people or around 17% of the total number of HIV sufferers. On the other hand, the Special Capital Province of Jakarta is one of the provinces with the highest number of counseling and testing services, the number of care referral, support and treatment services and the largest number of HIV satellite services in Indonesia. In 2019 the West Jakarta Administration City was the region with the second-highest number of loss follow-up cases after the Central Jakarta Administration City with an increase in the number of cases of loss-follow-up for people with HIV every year. West Jakarta has cases of people with HIV loss followup in 2019 with a total of 2210 cases and 4950 people. So strategic planning is needed, one of them is by looking at the distribution and trends in the spread of cases of people with HIV loss follow-up through the use of geographic information systems as one of the ingredients for monitoring and evaluation of the program so that it is expected to minimize and prevent the increase in the number of cases of loss-follow-up in people in West Jakarta Administration City. 

Objective : As planning material in determining effective and efficient strategies to minimize and prevent the increase number cases of loss follow-up in people living with HIV in West Jakarta Administration City. 

Research Method : This study uses secondary data related to the determinants of loss follow-up cases in people with HIV in 2017-2019 obtained from the West Jakarta Administrative Office of Health. This research uses statistical analysis methods and spatial analysis with overlays. 

Results : The number of people with HIV who experienced a loss of follow-up in the City Administration of West Jakarta continued to show an increase in the number from 2017 to 2019. Gender and age groups of people with HIV have a strong and significant correlation to the incidence of loss follow-up cases in people with HIV. There is no significant correlation between the special population of people with HIV and the loss follow-up. Subdistricts in West Jakarta Administrative City that continue to experience a significant increase in the number of loss follow-up cases from 2017 to 2019 are the Palmerah Districts. The overlay and scoring results show that Palmerah and Tambora Subdistricts are the areas most at risk and vulnerable to lose follow-up in people with HIV. 

Keywords : HIV, AIDS, Geographic Information Systems, Loss Follow Up, overlays

Abstrak :
[Waria yang merupakan salah satu populasi kunci dalam peningkatan HIV/AIDS, di Kota Kendal diperkirakan berjumlah lebih dari 400 orang. Dari seluruh kasus HIV/AIDS yang ada di Kendal waria menduduki urutan kelima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mendalam tentang pengalaman hidup waria dengan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menerapkan desain penelitian deskriptif fenomenologi dengan wawancara mendalam. Sebelas partisipan diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling. Dari hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi 7 tema yaitu 1) Mengenali identitas diri sebagi waria, 2) Preferensi seksual terhadap laki-laki, 3) Persepsi waria terhadap sumber penularan HIV/AIDS, 4) Arti kehidupan bagi waria dengan HIV/AIDS, 5) Mengalami diskriminasi, 6) Bentuk dukungan waria dengan HIV/AIDS, 7) Hambatan dalam mengakses pelayanan kesehatan. Kesimpulan: seluruh waria menyadari identitas diri sebagai waria, dan mereka memahami pekerjaan dan perilaku seks beresiko menjadi sumber penularan HIV/AIDS. Sebagian waria mengalami kesulitan dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan akibat adanya diskriminasi;Transgenders is one of the key populations in the increasing in HIV / AIDS case, is estimated more than 400 people in the city of Kendal. The cases of transgender with HIV in Kendal is ranked on the top five. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of transgender life experiences with HIV / AIDS. This research applies research design of descriptive phenomenology with depth interview. Eleven participants were recruited by purposive sampling technique. From the results of this study identified seven themes: 1) Recognize identity as a transgender, 2) sexual preference to males, 3) Perception transgenders against the source of transmission of HIV / AIDS, 4) The meaning of life for transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 5) Experience discrimination, 6) The support transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 7) Barriers in accessing health services. Conclusion: the entire transgender realize identity as transgender, and they understand the work and unsafe sexual behavior becomes a source of transmission of HIV / AIDS. Most transgenders have difficulty in accessing health services due to discrimination;Transgenders is one of the key populations in the increasing in HIV / AIDS case, is estimated more than 400 people in the city of Kendal. The cases of transgender with HIV in Kendal is ranked on the top five. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of transgender life experiences with HIV / AIDS. This research applies research design of descriptive phenomenology with depth interview. Eleven participants were recruited by purposive sampling technique. From the results of this study identified seven themes: 1) Recognize identity as a transgender, 2) sexual preference to males, 3) Perception transgenders against the source of transmission of HIV / AIDS, 4) The meaning of life for transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 5) Experience discrimination, 6) The support transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 7) Barriers in accessing health services. Conclusion: the entire transgender realize identity as transgender, and they understand the work and unsafe sexual behavior becomes a source of transmission of HIV / AIDS. Most transgenders have difficulty in accessing health services due to discrimination, Transgenders is one of the key populations in the increasing in HIV / AIDS case, is estimated more than 400 people in the city of Kendal. The cases of transgender with HIV in Kendal is ranked on the top five. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of transgender life experiences with HIV / AIDS. This research applies research design of descriptive phenomenology with depth interview. Eleven participants were recruited by purposive sampling technique. From the results of this study identified seven themes: 1) Recognize identity as a transgender, 2) sexual preference to males, 3) Perception transgenders against the source of transmission of HIV / AIDS, 4) The meaning of life for transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 5) Experience discrimination, 6) The support transgenders with HIV / AIDS, 7) Barriers in accessing health services. Conclusion: the entire transgender realize identity as transgender, and they understand the work and unsafe sexual behavior becomes a source of transmission of HIV / AIDS. Most transgenders have difficulty in accessing health services due to discrimination]

Abstrak :
Penyakit HIV/AIDS yang merupakan salah satu dari 10 penyakit terbesar didunia yang memiliki angka mortalitas dan morbiditas tinggi. Pada tahun 2016 menurut Infodatin AIDS bahwa DKI Jakarta adalah yang tertinggi untuk penderita HIV. Salah satu cara penularannya adalah penularan secara vertikal dari ibu ke anak, saat kehamilan, persalinan dan menyusui. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah faktor sosidemografi ibu, faktor Ibu, faktor obstetri dan faktor anak berhubungan dengan penularan HIV/AIDS pada anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Juli 2017 di RSUP Fatmawati. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan sample anak usia 2-5 tahun, sebesar 33 anak sebagai kasus (anak dengan HIV positif)dan 33 anak sebagai kontrol (anak denganHIV negatif) dari ibu yang menderita HIV positif. Dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 20.0 didapatkan bahwa untuk variabel yang dinyatakan adanya hubungan adalah faktor sosioekonomi ( OR=4,7; CI=1,45-15,07), stadium klinis HIV (OR=26,7; CI=3,25-218,86), jumlah CD4 ibu (OR=19,3; CI=5,29-70,66), lama ibu minum ARV(OR=7,4; CI=1,87-29,84), cara persalinan (OR=6,7; CI=1,35-33,75) dan prematuritas anak saat kelahiran (OR=16,5; CI=3,37-80,31).Sedangkan variabel yang tidak ada hubungan adalah dari faktor sosiodemograi yaitu usia, pendidikan , pekerjaan dan paritas ibu menunjukan tidak adanya hubungan dengan penularan HIV/AIDS pada anak.

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HIV / AIDS disease is one of the top 10 diseases in the world that have high mortality and morbidity. In 2016 according to Infodatin AIDS that DKI Jakarta is the highest for people with HIV. One way of transmission is vertical transmission from mother to child, during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. This research wanted to know whether mother's sosidemography factor, mother factor, obstetric factor and child factor related to HIV / AIDS transmission in child. This research was conducted from May until July 2017 at Fatmawati General Hospital. In this study used a control case design with a sample of 2-5 year olds, 33 children as a case (HIV positive children) and 33 children as control (HIV negative children) from HIV positive mothers. From the result of the analysis by using SPSS 20.0 it is found that for the variable which stated the existence of the relation is socioeconomic factor (OR = 4,7; CI = 1,45-15,07), clinical stage HIV (OR = 26,7; CI = 3, 25-218,86), mother's CD4 cell count (OR = 19.3, CI = 5.29-70.66), duration of mother taking ARV (OR = 7,4; CI = 1.87-29,84), (OR = 6,7; CI = 1.35-33,75) and prematurity of the child at birth (OR = 16.5; CI = 3.37-80,31). While the variables that have no correlation are from sosiodemograi factor that is age, education, work and parity of mother showed no relation with HIV / AIDS transmission in child.