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"HIV merupakan suatu infeksi virus yang menyebabkan kerusakan sistem imun tubuh sehingga menjadi rentan terhadap infeksi oportunistik dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita. Status gizi mempunyai peranan penting dalam fungsi imunitas tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas hidup dengan status gizi pada anak yang terjangkiti HIV di RSCM. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan data diambil pada bulan Juli 2012 hingga April 2014 dengan melakukan pengisian kuesioner dan pengukuran antropometri terhadap semua pasien anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi (69 orang). Data diolah menggunakan program SPSS versi 20.0 dan dianalisis dengan uji Fisher. Hasil penelitian jumlah anak terinfeksi HIV yang memiliki kualitas hidup baik sebesar 71,0% (laporan anak) dan 63,8% (laporan orang tua). Sedangkan jumlah anak yang memiliki kualitas hidup kurang baik sebesar 29,0% (laporan anak) dan 36,2% (laporan orang tua). Uji Fisher menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kualitas hidup anak yang terinfeksi HIV dengan status gizi berdasarkan laporan anak (p = 0,140) dan berdasarkan laporan orang tua (p = 0,478). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas hidup dengan status gizi anak yang terinfeksi HIV.

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HIV is one of viral infection that cause the damage of immune system thus becomes vulnerable to opportunistic infections and influence patient’s quality of life. The nutritional status has an important role in function of body immune. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the quality of life and the nutritional status of children with HIV in RSCM. The research uses cross-sectional design and the data taken from July 2012 until April 2014 with questionnaires and anthropometry measurements against children that fulfill inclusion criteria (69 children). Data is processed by using SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed with Fisher test.

The result showed that children with HIV that have good quality of life is 71.0% (child-self reports) and 63.8% (parent proxy reports). While the number of children with worse quality of life is 29.0% (child-self reports) and 36.2% (parent proxy reports). Fisher test have shown there is no significant relationship between the quality of life of children with HIV and the nutrition status based children’s reports (p= 0.140) and based parents’ reports (p= 0.478). So the conclusion is there is no relationship between the quality of life and the children’s nutritional status with HIV."

"HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit kronik progresif yang dapat menyerang siapa saja, termasuk anak-anak, karena sifatnya yang kronik maka penyakit ini dapat memberikan dampak pada kehidupan anak. Sementara kasus HIV/AIDS pada anak semakin bertambah, termasuk di Indonesia yang merupakan negara dengan fastest growing epidemic di Asia. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui salah satu komponen dari penyakit HIV/AIDS yaitu stadium klinis apakah dapat memberikan dampak pada fisik,emosional, dan sosial seorang anak yang diukur melalui kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner PedQLTM 4.0. Selain itu, penelitian yang serupa belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang melibatkan 79 anak yang berobat jalan di Poliklinik Alergi Imunologi RSCM, dengan jumlah laki-laki 39 orang (49,4%) dan perempuan 40 orang (50,6%), mayoritas merupakan stadium klinis III (berdasarkan WHO Clinical Staging) yaitu sebanyak 32 orang (40,5%), selebihnya yaitu stadium klinis I sebanyak 5 orang (6,3%), stadium klinis II sebanyak 22 orang (27,8%), dan stadium klinis IV sebanyak 20 orang (25,3%). Pengukuran kualitas hidup menggunakan instrumen PedsQL 4.0 yang terdiri atas komponen kualitas hidup menurut orangtua dan menurut anak. Dilakukan uji chi-square ditemukan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stadium menurut kategori klinis dengan kualitas hidup anak, baik pada usia <5 tahun berdasarkan laporan orangtua (p=0,131), pada usia ≥5 tahun berdasarkan laporan orangtua (p=0,535), dan pada usia ≥5 tahun berdasarkan laporan anak (p=0,881).

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HIV/AIDS is chronic progressive disease that can affect anyone, including the children. Because of the progresivity, HIV/AIDS gives impact to the children’s whole life. Meanwhile the cases of HIV-infected children in Indonesia (one of the fastest growing epidemic country) is increasing over time. The study was conducted to obtain information about the relationship between HIV/AIDS disease severity and the children’s quality of life (QoL). Besides, there was no previous study in Indonesia that measured the HIV-infected children’s QoL and the contributing factors.

Design of this study was cross-sectional and a total of 79 children came to the Allergy Immunology Clinic of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital answered the questionnaires (males 49,4% and womens 50,6%), the majority of the subjects were diagnosed with clinical stage III (40,5%), the remaining were diagnosed with clinical stage I (6,3%), clinical stage II (27,8%), and clinical stage IV (25,3%). The children’s quality of life was measured by the PedsQL consisted of quality of life answered by parents/caregivers and by the children.

The data was analyzed with Chi-square, the result there was no significance relationship between the clinical stage and the Quality of life of HIV-infected children, consisted of QoL answered by parents/caregivers in under five children(p=0,131), QoL answered by parents/caregivers in five and above five children (p=0,535), and QoL answered by children in five and above five children (p=0,881)."

"Latar belakang: Infeksi HIV pada anak masih menjadi beban masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan anak normal. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV, salah satunya faktor pengasuh utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan pengasuh terhadap kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah anak berusia 2-18 tahun dengan infeksi HIV yang menjalani rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo beserta orang tua/wali, diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data tingkat pendidikan pengasuh utama didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan orang tua/wali. Kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV diukur menggunakan kuesioner PedsQLTM 4.0 versi Indonesia serta dibedakan menjadi kualitas hidup menurut laporan anak dan laporan orang tua. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Fisher dengan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 20.0 untuk windows. Hasil: Sebanyak 80 anak dan orang tua/wali terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran kualitas hidup menurut laporan anak menunjukkan 13 (25.0%) dan menurut laporan orang tua sebanyak 24 (30.0%) anak terinfeksi HIV mengalami gangguan kualitas hidup. Sebanyak 58 (72.5%) pengasuh utama memiliki tingkat pendidikan menengah. Pengasuh utama dengan pendidikan rendah sebanyak 13 (16.3%) dan pendidikan tinggi 9 (11.3%). Hasil analisis hubungan tingkat pendidikan pengasuh utama dan kualitas hidup menurut laporan anak menunjukkan nilai significancy 1.000 (p<0.05).dan menurut laporan orang tua 0.441 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan pengasuh utama dan kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV.

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Background: HIV infection in children is a health burden in Indonesia. HIV infected-children are known to be having lower quality of life than normal children. There are several factors affect quality of life of HIV-infected children relating with caregivers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between caregiver’s education level and quality of life of HIV infected children.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Subjects are 2-18 years HIV-infected children who were outpatient of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital along with their caregivers, and taken using consecutive sampling method. The main caregiver’s education level data obtained through interviews with caregivers. Qualities of life of HIV-infected children were measured using Indonesian version of PedsQLTM 4.0 and grouped into children self-report and paret proxy-report quality of life. Data were analyzed with Fisher test using SPSS for windowa version 20.0.

Results: A total of 80 children and caregivers involved in this study. Low quality of life was found in 13 (25.0%) based on children self-report and 24 (30.0%) according to parent proxy-report. Most of caregivers has moderate education level. Caregivers with middle education level were 58 (72.5%), low were 13 (16.3%) and high were 9 (11.3%). Analysis of the relationship between caregiver’s education level and quality of life of HIV-infected children showed p-value 1.000 (p<0.05) according to children reports and parent proxy-reports 0.441 (p<0.005).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between caregiver’s education level and quality of life of HIV infected children."

"Infeksi HIV pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang memberikan dampak terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas. Berkembangnya terapi antiretroviral menyebabkan infeksi HIV berkembang menjadi suatu penyakit kronis dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pengidapnya. Diagnosis HIV pada anak penting dilakukan secara dini karena merupakan langkah awal untuk memulai terapi dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Terbatasnya data di Indonesia mengenai kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai kualitas hidup anak yang terinfeksi HIV dan hubungannya dengan waktu diagnosis. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional yang melibatkan 90 anak yang berobat jalan di Rumah Sakit Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penilaian kualitas hidup dilakukan menggunakan instrumen PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Kualitas hidup menurut orangtua menunjukkan responden yang memiliki kualitas hidup normal sebanyak 70%. Sedangkan menurut anak terdapat 75,9% anak memiliki kualitas hidup normal. Sebagian besar (70%) responden didiagnosis HIV pada usia di atas 18 bulan. Dilakukan uji chi-square dan didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara waktu diagnosis dan kualitas hidup anak terinfeksi HIV (nilai p>0,05).

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HIV infection in children is a global health problem that is growing quickly and have an impact on morbidity and mortality. The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy causes HIV infection develops into a chronic disease and affect the quality of life. Early diagnosis of HIV in children is important because it is the first step to initiating therapy and expected to improve the quality of life.

The limited data on the quality of life of HIV-infected children in Indonesia makes researchers interested in conducting research on the quality of life of HIV-infected children and their relation to the time of diagnosis. The design used in this study is cross-sectional involving 90 children in Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo hospital.

Assessment of quality of life is done using an instrument PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Quality of life according to parents showed respondents who have a normal quality of life as much as 70%. Meanwhile, according to the child are 75.9% of children have a normal quality of life. Most (70%) of respondents were diagnosed with HIV at the age of 18 months. Chi-square test have been done and found no significant relation between tim"

"[ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Pasien HIV anak berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguanneurokognitif akibat keterlibatan sistem saraf pusat (SSP). Prevalens gangguankognitif tersebut berkisar antara 8%-62%. Pemberian ARV menurunkan viralload di SSP sehingga mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian iniuntuk memberikan gambaran fungsi kognitif pasien HIV anak dalam terapi ARV.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap pasien HIV anak berusia 5-15tahun. Penilaian kognitif dilakukan dengan instrumen Wechsler intelligence scalefor children IV (WISC IV). Pemeriksaan elektroensefalografi bertujuan untukmembuktikan kerusakan akibat keterlibatan SSP pada infeksi HIV.Hasil: Sembilan puluh pasien HIV anak median usia 9 tahun telah memperolehARV dengan median 69 bulan. Hasil rerata verbal, performance, dan full-scale IQ(FSIQ) berturut-turut adalah 88,66 (SB 15,69), 85,30 (SB 15,35), dan 85,73 (SB15,61). Enam puluh tujuh (74,4%) subjek memiliki verbal IQ normal, 56 (62,2%)performance scale normal, dan 58 (64,4%) FSIQ normal. Hasil EEG abnormaldidapatkan pada 22 subjek (22,4%) dan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan stadiumklinis, usia dan lama pemberian ARV, serta viral load. Stadium HIVmenunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan komponen verbal scale IQ dan FSIQ(p=0,042 dan p=0,044). Hasil IQ tidak memiliki hubungan dengan usia pemberianARV, lama pemberian ARV, dan viral load.Simpulan: Pasien HIV anak dalam terapi ARV memiliki rerata IQ abnormal padaverbal, performance, dan FSIQ. Berdasarkan kategori hasil IQ lebih dari 50%subjek memiliki IQ normal pada ketiga skala WISC. Studi kohort diperlukanuntuk menilai apakah pemberian ARV lebih dini dan faktor yang memengaruhidapat mencegah penurunan fungsi kognitif pasien HIV anakABSTRACT Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing

neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)

involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.

Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the

decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive

function in HIV-infected children on ARV.

Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15

years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered

for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove

abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection

Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received

ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full

scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)

respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects

(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.

Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated

to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV

showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ

results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.

Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,

performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal

verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early

ARV can preserve cognitive function.;Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing

neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)

involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.

Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the

decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive

function in HIV-infected children on ARV.

Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15

years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered

for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove

abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection

Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received

ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full

scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)

respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects

(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.

Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated

to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV

showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ

results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.

Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,

performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal

verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early

ARV can preserve cognitive function.;Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing

neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)

involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.

Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the

decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive

function in HIV-infected children on ARV.

Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15

years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered

for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove

abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection

Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received

ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full

scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)

respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects

(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.

Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated

to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV

showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ

results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.

Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,

performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal

verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early

ARV can preserve cognitive function., Introduction: Children with HIV infection are at high risk for developing

neurocognitive impairment because of central nervous system (CNS)

involvement. Prevalence of cognitive impairment is reported between 8%-62%.

Decreased viral load due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) would prevent the

decrease of cognitive function. The aim of this study was to describe cognitive

function in HIV-infected children on ARV.

Method: We conducted cross sectional study of HIV-infected children aged 5-15

years. Wechsler intelligence scale for children IV (WISC-IV) was administered

for assessing cognitive function. Electroencephalograph was performed to prove

abnormalities caused by CNS involvement of HIV infection

Results: Ninety HIV-infected children with median age of 9 years had received

ARV for median of 69 months. The mean (SD) of verbal, performance, and full

scale IQ were 88,66 (SD 15,69), 85,30 (SD 15,35), and 85,73 (SD 15,61)

respectively. Sixty seven subjects (74,4%) had normal verbal IQ, 56 subjects

(62,2%) had normal performance IQ, and 58 subjects (64,4%) had normal FSIQ.

Twenty two children (22,4%) showed EEG abnormality which was not correlated

to clinical stage, onset and duration of ARV, and viral load. Clinical stage of HIV

showed significant association with verbal and FSIQ (p 0,042 and p 0,044). IQ

results did not have association with onset and duration of ARV and viral load.

Conclusion: HIV-infected children on ARV have abnormal mean IQ in verbal,

performance and FSIQ. Based on categorical IQ, most subjects have normal

verbal, performance, and FSIQ. Cohort study is needed to address whether early

ARV can preserve cognitive function.]"