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"Telah dibuat Automatisasi peralatan gamma scan berbasis computer. Peralatan ini dapat menggerakan detektor dan sumber radiasi secara manual atau automatis untuk keperluan pemeriksaan mal fungi pada kolom ataupun fasilitas lainnya dengan teknik gamma scan secara on-line. Automatic gamma scan yang telah dibuat menggunakan mikrokontroler sebagai pengendali utama dan ratemeter minekin seri 9302 sebagai pencacah radiasi. Peralatan ini dioperasikan dengan komputer sehingga data pengukuran dapat ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik secara real-time dan data dapat dianalisis in-situ. Peralatan ini dapat digunakan untuk inspeksi kolom dengan jangkauan panjang tali sampai 100 m yang resolusi scan sebesar 2 s/d 167 step/m. Motor penggerak yang digunakan memiliki laju perpindahan sekitar 6 x 10-2 m/detik. Kesalahan mengidentifikasi posisi adalah 1,3 x 10-4%."

"Isu mengenai mental disorder atau gangguan mental telah menjadi sebuah isu yang sering diperbincangkan pada masyarakat akibat dari maraknya kasus yang terjadi. Salah satu gangguan mental yang terjadi dalam masyarakat adalah alkoholisme.Alkoholisme merupakan sebuah gangguan perilaku pada individu yang ditandai dengan konsumsi alkohol yang berlebihan. Alkoholisme merupakan suatu tema utama yang terdapat pada lirik lagu Banyu Surga karya NDX A.K.A. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana perilaku alkoholisme direpresentasikan dalam lirik lagu ini. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, teori representasi dari Stuart Hall, semiotika Charles Sander Peirce dan sosiologi sastra dari Sapardi Djoko Damono (2002), penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana alkoholisme direpresentasikan dalam lagu melalui cerita tokoh “aku” pada lirik Banyu Surga. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa lirik lagu Banyu Surga dianggap sebagai sebuah pengingat mengenai bahaya alkohol meskipun secara leksikal lirik lagu ini berisi ajakan kepada masyarakat untuk mengonsumsi alkohol. Melalui analisis semiotika Peirce, ditemukan dua simbol yang mewakili alkoholisme yaitu kata banyu pekok dan banyu surga. Lirik yang terdapat dalam lagu tersebut ternyata sejalan dengan realitas sosial yang ada mengenai alkoholisme.

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The issue of mental disorder has become an topic that often discussed in the community due to the number of cases that have occured. One of the disorder that occur in society is alcoholism. Alcoholism is a behavior disorder that characterized by excessive consumption of alcohol. Alcoholism is the main theme that found in the lyrics of the song Banyu Surga by NDX A.K.A.. This study discusses about how alcoholic behavior is represented in the lyrics of this song. Using the descriptive analytic method, the representation theory from Stuart Hall, Charles Sanders Peirce Semiotics and the sociology of literature from Sapardi Djoko Damono (2002), this study describes how alcholism is represented in song’s lyrics through the story of “aku”. The results of this study is the lyrics are considered as a reminder of the dangers of alcohol even though the lyrics of the song contain a suggestion to consume alcohol, lexically. Through Peirce’s semiotic analysis, two symbols (Banyu pekok and Banyu surga) were found. The lyrics also contain a social reality regarding alcoholism in society."

"Sejalan dengan perkembangan bidang pemerintahan yang memunculkan isu desentralisasi, termasuk bidang kesehatan, maka kemampuan daerah dalam hal menggali sumber daya yang ada, terutama sumber daya manusia, sangatlah penting. Sumber daya manusia mempunyai peran yang penting dalam meningkatkan produktivitas, sedangkan produktivitas berbanding lurus dengan kinerja. Selain itu Kinerja sangatlah dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan kerja, walaupun kedua hal tersebut juga dipengaruhi faktor lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai tingkat kepuasan dan kinerja pegawai strutural, dan melihat hubungan kepuasan dan kinerja pegawai struktural setelah dikendalikan faktor konfonding. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sanggau dari tanggal 18 September 2000 sampai dengan 25 Nopember 2000. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional pada 43 pegawai struktural. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat distribusi frekuensi, regresi linier sederhana dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan pegawai struktural menurut 5 dimensi kepuasan secara berurutan rata-rata adalah 82,17 %; 75,78 %; 70,93 %; 80,23 %; dan 83,3 %; sedangkan kinerja rata-rata adalah 51,2 %. Dari analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa tidak ada satupun dimensi kepuasan yang berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan kinerja. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja adalah sarana dan pendidikan, sedangkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan dimensi kepuasan adalah motivasi dan pendidikan. Dari hasil analisis multivariat didapat bahwa faktor yang paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kinerja adalah pendidikan dan kepuasan kondisi kerja yang mendukung. Pendidikan juga merupakan satu-satunya variabel yang bisa dijadikan sebagai faktor konfonding. Variabel yang perlu diperhatikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja adalah pendidikan yang sesuai dengan syarat pendidikan dalam hal menduduki jabatan, selain itu juga perlu dilaksanakan prinsip 'the right man on the right place' untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja pegawai.

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Relationship between Staff Satisfaction and Staff Performance at Sanggau District Hospital West Kalimantan, 2000Current development of government paking, which is decentralization paking, urges local authorities including provinces and districts to strengthen their system including human resources. Within an organization, human resources are important factors in organizational productivity as indicators organizational performance. Furtherance, the performance is influenced by worker satisfaction and other variables.

To these extant, this study is arises to elaborate staff performance at RSUD Sanggau, and examine factors related to the performance. This study was conducted on September to November 2000, which designed with a cross -sectional survey. Samples were 43 structural staff at the hospital.

Data analyses were univariate, bivariate and multivariate to answer specific research questions. This study showed that level of working satisfaction Likert are 82, 17 %; 75,78 %; 70,93 %; 80,23 %; and 83,3 %; respectively to 5 dimensions of satisfaction which are challenge, reward, work climate, partner support, and talent.

Factors related to performance were facility and level of education. While motivation and level of education were related significantly to dimension challenge, work climate, and talent of satisfaction.

Further analysis using multiple linear regressions with backward method showed that only education variable related significantly to the performance, while staff satisfactions were not.

This study recommends that in add to improve organizational performance, educational background of employee should be appropriate for structural placement. This will be further maintaining worker satisfaction."

"The BER performance of trellis coded (TC) 8PSK with 2-branch selection (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversities on mobile satellite communication system, which channel characterized by Nakagami fading channel is investigated. The special case of 2 branch SC and MRC diversities on independent and spatially correlated Nakagami fading are analyzed in detail, It is shown that the BER performance of TC 8PSK with diversity is better than that system without diversity, and the BER performance of system with diversity increases with increasing the Nakagami fading parameter m. Although the correlation between branches causes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss relative to uncorrelated fading case for 2 branches SC and MRC diversities, the SC and MRC diversities can lead the diversity gain, that is, the improvement of BER performance of TC 8PSK with diversity is obtained over the TC 8PSK without diversity. In addition, the effect of antenna separation which causes cross correlation between the fading signals envelops on the performance of TC 8PSK with 2 branch SC and MRC diversities is also considered."

"The simplest model that is frequently used for a transmission channel is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel model. In this model the received signal is the sum of the transmitted signal and Gaussian noise. The simple channel model has great theoretical and practical importance and is an accurate model for many communication channels, such as satellite and deep space communication channels. In many communication systems, however, the channels are subject to various impairments in addition to the additive noise. For these channels the simple model of AWGN is no longer valid and one must consider more practical and complex channel models. One of the such channel types which frequently occur in radio communication is the fading channel.In mobile radio communication system, the propagation between a base and a mobile station is not only by a direct line-of-sight path, but via many paths. These propagation paths depend largely on the. scattered reflection from many obstacles near the base and mobile stations. The received signal, at any place, consist of a large number of waves arriving from many directions. These multipath waves interfere and produce a varying field strength. The base station receiver experience similar fading as the mobile transmitter moves. The signal fluctuation rate is proportional to the vehicle speed. In many fading channels, in addition to the diffused multipath fading, there exists a dominant line-of-sight (direct) signal component. Denoting the direct component by Acos(2πfct), the received signal then can be written as r(t)= (A + a1 (t)) cos(2πfct) + aQ sin(2πfct)"

"Trellis coded modulation (TCM) formats with their excellent bandwidth and power efficiency have been widely employed in various communication systems. For mobile satellite communications, trellis coded (TC) M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) is the primary candidate modulation technique. In the first generation mobile satellite systems, co-channel interference (CCI) does not pose a serious problem. However, second generation systems are expected to reuse frequency to increase the orbit slot spectral efficiency. Then the CCI from adjacent beams and adjacent satellite will be dominant factor determining the system performance and overall capacity. Mobile satellite communication is also suffered from strong variations of the received signal power due to the multipath fading. Typically, mobile satellite channels are modeled as Rician or Nakagami fading; that is the received signal consists of a constant line of sight signal component and a Rayleigh distributed diffuse signal component. Therefore, the performance of system on mobile satellite channels is subject to both fading and CCI.TCM and antenna diversity are two attractive methods to combat fading and CC1 effects in the mobile satellite communication systems. The research focuses on the using of TCM and antenna diversity to combat the fading and CCI effects on mobile satellite system, and analyze their performance characterized by bit error rate (BER). Because of multipath propagation , the mobile satellite communication channel is modeled as a Rician or Nakagami fading channel. This report, the BER performance of TC asymmetric MPSK with CCI and TC asymmetric MPSK with diversity on mobile satellite communication systems will be investigated and analyzed.First, the BER performance of TC- asymmetric MPSK in the presence of undesired CCI with multiple interferers and fading channel is investigated. The fading statistic for desired signal is Nakagami fading and the undesired interference signals are Rayleigh fading. We assume that all the interferers are unmodulated because most of errors are produced by Rayleigh fading itself rather than the modulating sequence. This model assumes that all interfering signals have aligned symbol timing and no cross channel interference symbol interfering (ISi) effects. The desired signal is assumed to have Nakagami distribution implying that a dominant multipath exists in transmission. The desired and the interfering carrier have no phase coherence. We derive the BER performance of TC asymmetric MPSK in the presence CCI and fading channels by using the first error event method. It is shown that the BER performance of TC asymmetric MPSK in the presence of CCI is better than that of system with asymmetric MPSK. The BER performance of TC asymmetric MPSK is improved as increasing either the Nakagami fading parameter or the value of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). As the Nakagami fading parameter is increased the phase signal of MPSK is also increased.Second, the BER performance of TC MPSK with 2 branch selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversities on independent and spatially correlated Nakagami fading channel are investigated. The upper bound bounds using the transfer function bounding technique are derived and several numerical results are shown. Is shown that the BER performance of TC 8PSK with MRC diversity is better than that of system with SC diversity. Although the correlation between branches causes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss (relative to independent fading case) for SC and MRC diversities, the diversity can lead to achieve the diversity gain compared to the system without diversity.Third, the BER performance of TC 8PSK in the presence of undesired CCI with multiple interferers and fading channel is investigated by using computer simulation. The fading statistic for desired signal is Nakagami fading and the undesired interference signals are characterized by Rayleigh fading. The I3ER performance of TC 8PSK in the presence CC1 and fading channels is simulated by using the first error event method. It is shown from the result that the simulation result of the performance of TC 8PSK in the presence CCI and fading channels is closed to the analytical result."