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"Pneumonia menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi yang terjadi pada pasien anak yang menjalani rawat inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto dari tahun 2010 - 2012.Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Jenis penelitian observasional menggunakan pendekatan kasus kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara karakteristik balita (umur, riwayat BBLR, jenis kelamin, status imunisasi campak, status pemberian vitamin A, status gizi balita, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif), karakteristik ibu (pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pengetahuan) serta kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor risiko paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita (Exp ( ) = 4,509). Edukasi kepada orang tua yang disesuaikan dengan latar belakang pendidikan diperlukan sebagai upaya pencegahan pneumonia.

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Pneumonia has become one of the highest mortality contributors among paediatric patients who admitted to Inpatient Department in Margono Soekarjo Hospital Purwokerto (MSHP) from 2010 - 2012. There are several factors which influence the morbidity and mortality rate due to pneumonia in underfive children.

This study aimed to identified risk factors related to the prevalence of pneumonia in children underfive years old in Margono Soekarjo Hospital Purwokerto. This study was an observational study which used case control approah.

The results showed that there were association between underfive children characteristics (age, history of low birth weight, sex, measles immunization status, vitamin A supplementation record, nutritional status, and exclusive breastfeeding), mother characteristics (education, occupation, and knowledge) and overcrowding with the prevalence of pneumonia in MSHP. Among those variables, education was the most dominant risk factor associated with occurence of pnemonia (Exp (β) = 4,509)."

"Demam merupakan gejala yang sering dialami anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Kondisi demam tinggi berdampak merugikan anak. Demam tinggi membuat anak tidak nyaman, serta meningkatkan kebutuhan kalori dan cairan. Teori Comfort dari Kolcaba memberikan arahan dalam pemenuhan rasa nyaman pada pasien. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak demam dengan mengaplikasikan teori comfort Kolcaba yang berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan kenyamanan. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan berdasarkan tahapan comfort yaitu pengkajian (kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, lingkungan dan sosiokultural), merumuskan diagnosa keperawatan, menetapkan intervensi (berdasarkan standar comfort, coaching, dan comfort food for the soul), implementasi, dan evaluasi. Teori comfort Kolcaba dapat diterapkan dalam asuhan anak demam. Dukungan dan keterlibatan dari orangtua juga sangat penting dalam perawatan anak, sehingga terlihat bahwa ke empat aspek kenyamanan harus saling mendukung untuk pencapaian kenyamanan secara holistik.

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Fever is a symptom that is often experienced by children with infectious diseases. High fever condition adversely affects the child. High fever makes the child uncomfortable, and increase calorie and fluid needs. Comfort Theory of Kolcaba provides direction in compliance with comfort to the patient. This paper aims to provide an overview of nursing care in febrile children with comfort Kolcaba apply theory that focuses on meeting the needs of comfort. Nursing care is done by stages comfort assessment (physical comfort, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural), formulate nursing diagnoses, interventions set (based on standard comfort, coaching, and comfort food for the soul), implementation, and evaluation. Kolcaba comfort theory can be applied in the care of the child's fever. Support and involvement of parents is also very important in the care of children, so it appears that all four aspects must be mutually supportive comfort for the achievement of holistic comfort."