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"Pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi yang memadai menyangkut aspek fisik, mental dan sosial, tidak terbatas pada kemampuan bereproduksi saja, tetapi juga termasuk keamanan dan keberhasilan reproduksi. Wanita sebagai pelaku reproduksi mempunyai tugas khusus yang berbeda dengan pasangannya, yaitu mengaudung dan melahirkan. Keadaan ini berisiko terhadap kesehatan fisik dan mental. Sampai saat ini aspek kesehatan mental pada ibu dan anak masih sangat sedikit diperhatikan. Salah satu gangguan mental yang mengancam wanita pascapersalinan adalah depresi pascapersalinan. Gangguan ini berdampak negatif pada kehidupan pribadi wanita tersebut maupun perkawinannya serta hubungan dengan anaknya sehingga terjadi gangguan perkembangan emosional dan tingkah laku anak di kemudian hari.Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa angka kejadian depresi pascapersalinan berkisar antara 10% - 15% atau 20% - 25% pada penelitian lain. Di Indonesia penelitian tentang hal ini lebih banyak dilakukan di rumah sakit dibandingkan di masyarakat. Pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Bojongloa Kaler kota Bandung yang penduduknya padat dengan jumlah persalinan pada tahun 1999 sebesar 3161 orang, belum diketahui data tentang depresi pascapersalinan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kasus depresi yang terjadi pada ibu pascapersalinan 4 minggu - 12 bulan serta beberapa variable yang berhubungan dari faktor psikologik-edukasional, faktor sosiocultural dan faktor obstetrik-ginekologik.Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan metode potong lintang. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode klaster 2 tahap. Pengumpulan data terhadap 210 responden dibantu oleh 10 orang kader yang sudah dilatih terlebih dahulu. Analisis data terhadap variabel yang diteliti menggunakan perangkat lunak C-Sampel pada Epi Info 6.04.Berdasarkan uji univariat dan bivariat diperoleh gambaran tentang karakteristik ibu yaitu sebagian besar responden berusia antara 20 - 30 tahun, berpendidikan rendah, sebagai ibu rumah tangga, menginginkan anaknya, memiliki dukungan sosial yang cukup, status sosial ekonomi rumah tangganya rendah, multipara, saat bersalin ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan, dan kondisi bayi saat dilahirkan baik. Angka kejadian depresi pascapersalinan (DPP) di Kecamatan Bojongloa Kaler adalah 15,7% dengan estimasi interval sebesar 9,37 % - 22, 06 % pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % dan variabel yang berhubungan dengan DPP yaitu usia, status sosial ekonomi rumah tangga, dukungan sosial, keinginan punya anak, jenis persalinan dan persepsi ibu terhadap kondisi bayinya.Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengurangi risiko depresi pascapersalinan melalui peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan berupa promosi kesehatan tentang usia kehamilan dan persalinan yang aman, pendidikan kesehatan bagi suami dan anggota keluarga lain, pelayanan ANC dan kunjungan rumah pada ibu nifas serta mempeluas informasi tentang DPP. Bagi ibu, perlu pembiasaan diri dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan selama kehamilan dan masa nifas secara teratur dengan memperhatikan juga faktor usia serta berusaha mencari aktivitas yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga selain kesibukan di rumah-taggga. Bagi suami dan anggota keluarga, perlu mengupayakan dukungan sosial-spiritual yang memadai bagi ibu hamil/nifas. Dan dibuatkannya program promosi, pendidikan dan pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai terhadap depresi pascapersalinan, oleh penentu kebijakan kesehatan di tingkat pusat maupun daerah.

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Postpartum Depression and It?s The Related Factors at Bojongloa Kaler District in Bandung, 2001Reproductive health services included physical, mental and social aspects are not merely reproductive ability, but safety and success of reproduction as well. Woman as a reproductive subject has a special task which differs from her spouse, those are pregnant and child bearing. These conditions have a risk to physical and mental health. The problem of mental health is still ignored up to now. One of Psychiatric disturbances after delivery is postpartum depression (PPD). This disturbance may have a long-term negative impact on her family and her personal life besides she interacts with her infant who might cause her child's emotional development and behavior deviation in the future.Many researches in overseas reported that incidence of postpartum depression ranges from 10% to 25%. In Indonesian, many postpartum depression studies have been done, but those studies are more based on hospital than community oriented. Bojongloa Kaler district with it?s densely population and the amount of childbirth is 3161 per people in 1999, has not been known with the case of postpartum depression. Therefore the objectives of the study are to know depression prevalence among mothers who were at 4 weeks to 12 months postpartum, and also its factors such as psychological educational, social cultural and obstetric gynecological factors.This research design is observational study with a cross sectional method. Using a two-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected by ten cadres who were trained before. Data analysis used a software C-Sample on Epi Info 6.04.The description of respondents are at the mean of age 20 to 30 years old, low educated, being a housewife, wanted to have child, have a good social support, low social economic status, multiparity, most were assisted by health staff when they delivered their babies, and they perceived then new babies were are bad condition. It was shown that among 210 subjects, proportion of postpartum depression in Bojongloa Kaler District was 15.7% (95 % CI was 9.37% to 22.06%. More as, variables related to postpartum depression were age, household sock) economic status, social support, wanted to have child, type of childbirth, and mother perception on her infant condition as well.Accordingly, the risk to postpartum depression can be prevent and reduced by intervention such as increasing health care through health promotion especially on age of pregnancy and safe childbirth, health education for husband and family, ante natal care services and home visit to postpartum mother due to enhance the information about postpartum depression. Regarding the pregnancy, mother should concern on her age, despite doing regular ante natal and post natal care. They were expected to find a positive activity in addition to their domestic task, particularly which could also increase their welfare. The husband and family were required to give social and spiritual support for pregnant and postpartum mother. Nevertheless, health policy maker at central and regional level need to make interesting promotion, education and services of health programs to postpartum depression."

"The urban population in Indonesia will soon be 50% of its total population. In the past, nutrition improvement programs were addressed to the rural community stressing on underweight. It is presumed that in the urban area both under and overweight are found. However, data on the subject are insufficient. A cross sectional study was done in East Jakarta. The study consisted of 679 households and 3442 peoples were chosen through a multistage random sampling. The analyses of the findings were based on households as well as on individuals.The households were categorized based on the anthropometry of the individual family members. The indicator used, was BMI with a cut off 18.5 and 25 for those aged 17 years and more, and weight-for-age based on NCHS median + 2SD for those aged less then 17-year-old. Four households' categorizations were identified, Normal (all members had normal anthropometric status) 22.2%, Normal-Under (a combination of normal and underweight) 31.6%, Normal-Over (a combination of normal and overweight) 27.1% and Normal-Under-Over (a combination of normal, under and overweight) 17.2%. It covered 98.3% of all households.Within households classified as having any overweight members, there were 37.9% overweight adults vs 2.3% overweight children. Within households classified as having any underweight members, there were 26.9% underweight adults vs 35.8% underweight children. Poorer households and households with children faced the risk for having underweight members, while richer households and households with adults faced the risk for having overweight members. Underweight is not only caused by poor socioeconomic background. There were differences in the food distribution patterns among the household members, and households with over weight members consumed more variety of foods.Among children aged less than 17 years old, 21.4% were stunted (HAZ<-2SD), and 21.2% were underweight (WAZ<-2SD). Children aged less than 11 years 11.4% were wasted (WHZ<-2SD)_ Children aged less than 17 years whose HAZ, WAZ and WHZ were 2SD were less than 3%. Children aged 11 to 17 years old whose BMI was below 5%-tiles were 5.2%, while those whose BMI was above 85%-tiles were 15.2%. Adults aged 17 to 55 years old with BMI <18.5 were 15.6% and those with BMI >25 was 19.6%_ People aged more than 55 years old with BMI <18.5 was 18.7%, while those with BMI of X25 were 20.9%. Thus, underweight was prevalent in all age groups, but overweight was mainly found in adults and elderly. Among the adolescents the older age group showed a tendency of being overweight.It is recommended that, household groupings according to the anthropometric status of the nuclear family members can be used as a screening method which serves the purpose of distinguishing the target population, in administrative, and project design and management terms, and to do an anthropometry assessment at regular intervals for all age groups. Special attention to detect overweight among adolescents should be given. Prevention of overweight in the community requires a multi sectoral approach rather than purely nutrition oriented programs. To continue the existing programs in nutrition and health, to prevent underweight in the community, especially for under fives, school children and adults. Within the poorer households there is positive deviance (as shown in Normal groups), this gives room for intervention."

"Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengungkapkan bahwa program pendidikan pemakai itu penting bagi pemakai perpustakaan untuk menambah pengetahuan khususnya dalam pemanfaatan fasilitas perpustakaan dan penggunaan sarana dan sumber-sumber informasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perpustakaan Fakultas IImu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (I) Mengetahui pengetahuan awal peserta sebelum mengikuti program pendidikan pemakai perpustakaan FIB UI terutama pengetahuan mengenai perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog serta bahan rujukan; (2) Mengetahui pengetahuan peserta sesudah mengikuti program pendidikan pemakai perpustakaan FIB UI terutama pengetahuan tentang perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog serta bahan rujukan; (3) Mengetahui pengaruh program pendidikan pemakai di Perpustakaan FIB UI terhadap tingkat pengetahuan peserta program mengenai perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog serta bahan rujukan; (4) Mengetahui gambaran tentang pendapat peserta program pendidikan pemakai perpustakaan FIB UI mengenai pelaksanaan program pendidikan pemakai di perpustakaan FIB UI (kelebihan dan kekurangannya).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode quasi-eksperimental. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes uji awal dan tes uji akhir, dengan sampel yang berjumlah 150 responden, yang diambil dari 212 orang yang menjadi peserta program pendidikan pemakai perpustakaan FIB UI.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum pengetahuan rata-rata responden sebelum mengikuti pendidikan pemakai di perpustakaan FIB UI mengenai perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog; serta bahan rujukan masih cukup rendah, hal ini dilihat dari perolehan nilai responden pada tes uji awal, dan dengan waktu yang relatif singkat yaitu satu bulan sejak responden mengikuti pendidikan pemakai sampai dengan responden mengisi tes uji akhir, tingkat pengetahaun responden mengenai perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog; serta bahan rujukan dapat ditingkatkan. Dengan menggunakan uji tanda pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 maka secara statistik disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog; serta bahan rujukan diantara responden sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pendidikan pemakai. Dengan membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh responden pada tes uji awal dan tes uji akhir dapat dibuktikan bahwa pelaksanaan program pendidikan pemakai perpustakaan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pengetahuan responden mengenai perpustakaan; nomor klasifikasi dan katalog; serta bahan rujukan.."