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"Although advocates of equal opportunity in Japan have recently achieved significant policy-making gains, including the strengthening of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law in 1997, progress toward greater workplace gender equality remains hampered by the weakness of ‘strategic partnerships’ among actors such as national bureaucrats and women's rights activists. Using interviews with participants and expert observers, this paper explores Japan's recent equal opportunity initiatives, noting the leading role of national labor bureaucrats in formal policy-making, the lack of support for activists fighting discrimination in the courts, and divisions among union officials.The actors have sometimes used international norms to considerable effect, but public policies often undermine their efforts, notably by encouraging the use of women as low-paid non-regular workers."

"Salah satu permasalahan yang muncul pada perusahaan rintisan di beberapa tahun terakhir adalah tingginya tingkat turnover intention. Diantara banyak faktor, salah satu faktor penyebab utama munculnya turnover intention adalah kurangnya career growth opportunity. Adapun bentuk penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua studi, yaitu studi 1 merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional antara variabel career growth opportunity dan turnover intention dengan 100 partisipan yang terlibat . Studi 1 bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel di perusahaan rintisan X. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Turnover Intention - 6 Scale (TIS-6) dan Career Growth Scale. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian studi 1 menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara career growth opportunity dengan turnover intention. Terdapat dua dimensi career growth opportunity yang menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang signifikan, yaitu career goals progress dan promotion speed sedangkan dimensi professional ability development dan salary growth tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan. Kemudian, dilanjutkan dengan studi 2 yaitu program intervensi dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dan melibatkan 4 partisipan yang memiliki skor terendah pada studi 1. Studi 2 ini bertujuan untuk melihat adanya perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan melalui career planning coaching. Hasil penelitian studi 2 dengan pemberian intervensi career planning coaching menunjukkan adanya perbedaan skor secara signifikan pada variabel turnover intention antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi (p= 0.02, p<0.05). Artinya, program intervensi career planning coaching berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam menurunkan tingkat persepsi terhadap turnover intention

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One of the problems that has arisen in startups in recent years is the high level of turnover intention. Among many factors, one of the main causes of turnover is a lack of career growth opportunities. The form of this research is divided into two studies, namely Study 1, which is a quantitative correlational study between career growth opportunity and turnover intention variables with 100 participants involved. Study 1 aims to look at the relationship between variables in Startup X. The measuring tools used are the Turnover Intention - 6 Scale (TIS-6) and the Career Growth Scale. The analysis technique used is the Pearson Product Moment correlation point. The results of Study 1 show that there is a significant negative relationship between career growth opportunities and turnover intention. There are two dimensions of career growth opportunity that show a significant negative correlation, namely career goal progress and promotion speed, while the dimensions of professional ability development and salary growth are not significantly correlated. Then proceed with study 2, which is an intervention program with the type of experimental research and involves 4 participants who had the lowest score in study 1. Study 2 aims to see if there are any differences before and after being given treatment through career planning coaching. The results of study 2 with the provision of career planning coaching interventions showed that there was a significant difference in scores on the turnover intention variable between before and after being given the intervention (p=0.02; p<0.05). This means that the career planning coaching program intervention has a significant effect on reducing perceptions of turnover intention."

"A rapid decline of Indonesia's economy during the crisis of 1998-1998, has widely affected the quality of people life, including the declining labour demand, massive lay-offs, and shrinking formal employment. This situation will continue confirming Indonesia as a labour surplus country, due to limited productive working opportunities can be created by slower economic growth against the growing of the entrance in the labour market. This paper which is based on the secondary data mainly SAKERNAS data (1996-2004) from BPS Statistics Indonesia, of the unemployment trends, some issues on unemployment and related aspects, and how the development policies address the challenges of unemployment. The official open unemployment rate has been slowly increasing, even during the economics boom (1995-1996), and continues rising up to about 10% in 2004. The include of open unemployment has ben more pronounced among women, more educated, and in the urban areas. Other issues concerning unemplyment deal with particularly vulnerable groups such as women, youth and migrant workers. Underemployment is more serious concern which is indicated as underutilizing peoples's potential, and the main factor of working poor. Almost half of Indonesia's labourforce has faced big challanges to find way out in reducing the unemployment rate as well as poverty. The employment policy should focus on creating more full productive jobs and priorities the policy and protection for the more vulnerable groups."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pemenuhan hak penyandang disabilitas untuk bekerja khususnya mengenai kuota minimal yang harus dipenuhi perusahaan untuk mepekerjakan penyandang disabilitas di Kabupaten Bogor. Pembahasan tersebut dilakukan dikarenakan pemenuhan hak tersebut belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bogor dikarenakan berbagai masalah dan hambatan yang dihadapi. Hal tersebut juga dapat dilihat dari berbagai berita nasional maupun daerah khususnya Kabupaten Bogor mengenai penyandang disabilitas yang haknya masih belum dipenuhi sebagaimana yang seharusnya berdasarkan Undang-undang yang berlaku. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai bagaimana ketentuan mengenai kuota bagi perusahaan untuk mempekerjakan penyandang disabilitas di Kabupaten Bogor dan bagaimana pelaksanaan ketentuan tersebut pada perusahaan-perusahaan di Kabupaten Bogor. Skripsi ini berbentuk penelitian yurisidis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan terhadap data sekunder baik menggunakan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, serta bahan hukum tersier, dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, disertai dengan wawancara kepada informan di Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Bogor, Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Bogor dan UPTD Pelayanan Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan Wilayah I Bogor. Skripsi ini berkesimpulan bahwa Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas masih belum lengkap mewadahi hak penyandang disabilitas dan masih banyak ditemukan pelanggaran dalam implementasinya.

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This thesis analyze about the fulfillment the right of disability people to work especially about the minimal quota that must be fulfilled by company to hiredisability people in Kabupaten Bogor. The research done because the right about that fulfillment not fully held in Kabupaten Bogor because the various problem and obstacles that faced. This can be seen from various national or region especially in Kabupaten Bogor news about the right of disability people that yet to fulfilled based on.

This thesis talk about how the rule about quota for company to hire disability people ketentuan in Kabupaten Bogor and how the implementation about the that rule for company in Kabupaten Bogor. The research is a normative juridical research, which has descriptive analytical.

The research was conducted by literature research and document with interview to Labor Offices Kabupaten Bogor, Social Offices Kabupaten Bogor and UPTD Service of Labor Inspection Region I Bogor.

This research conlude that law no. 8 2016 about disability people still not complete to accommodate the right of disability people and still a lot violation that have been found in the implementation."

"Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis permasalahan pembentukan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2  Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja sebagai tindak lanjut putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020.  Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 tentang pengujian formil Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja yang menyatakan inkonstitusional bersyarat sepanjang tidak dimaknai tidak melakukan perbaikan dalam waktu 2 tahun sejak putusan diucapkan. Pengujian undang-undang merupakan proses yang saling berkesinambungan dalam prinsip checks and balances. Uji formil yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi merupakan kontrol terhadap proses pembentukan hukum yang menjadi kewenangan kekuasaan bidang legislasi oleh lembaga yudisial, yaitu upaya kontrol terhadap pembentukan hukum dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Uji formil Undang-Undang merupakan proses pemeriksaan yang dilakukan terhadap prosedur keabsahan pembentukan Undang-Undang. Proses itu dilakukan atas permohonan yang diajukan masyarakat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap suatu Undang-Undang yang dianggap menyalahi peraturan pembentukannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis terkait putusan uji formil nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 terhadap pembentukan Perpu Cipta Kerja dan implikasi yang terjadi atas pembentukan Perpu tersebut sebagai tindak lanjut dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.

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This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the problem of forming Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation as a follow-up to the Constitutional Court decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 concerning formal review of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation which declared it conditionally unconstitutional as long as it was not interpreted, did not make improvements within 2 years of the decision being pronounced. Review of laws is a mutually continuous process based on the principle of checks and balances. The formal test carried out by the Constitutional Court is controlling the process of law formation which is the authority of legislative power by the judiciary, namely efforts to control the formation of laws in the Indonesian constitutional system. Formal testing of a law is an examination process carried out on the procedures for the validity of the formation of a law. This process is carried out based on requests from the public to the Constitutional Court regarding a law that is deemed to violate the rules for its creation. Tihs research analyzed namely those related to the formal test decision number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, the implications and implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision concerning establishment of the Job Creation Perpu and the implications that occured for the formation of the job Creation Perpu as an action continued the decision of the Constitutional Court."