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"Latar Belakang: Trauma maksilofasial adalah cedera yang mencakup kerusakan pada jaringan lunak dan tulang di area wajah, mulai dari luka ringan seperti laserasi hingga patah tulang yang kompleks. Penyebab trauma ini sangat bervariasi karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial ekonomi, budaya, kelompok usia, dan lokasi geografis. Insidennya meningkat akibat berbagai faktor, termasuk kecelakaan lalu lintas, tindakan kekerasan, cedera olahraga, jatuh, dan kecelakaan rumah tangga. Hingga saat ini, data terkait frekuensi dan distribusi trauma maksilofasial di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi pasien dengan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, etiologi, lokasi trauma, tatalaksana trauma, dan lama rawat inap di RSUP Persahabatan periode 2019 hingga Juli 2024. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari poli Bedah Mulut, poli Bedah Plastik, poli Bedah Saraf, dan Poli Anak RSUP Persahabatan. Hasil: Penelitian ini mencatat 102 kasus trauma maksilofasial di RSUP Persahabatan, dengan 71 (69.61%) kasus diantaranya memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian ini, melibatkan total 126 macam lokasi trauma maksilofasial selama periode Januari 2019 hingga Juli 2024. Kesimpulan: Kelompok usia 10-20 tahun ditemukan terbanyak dengan persentase sebesar 39.4%. Pasien trauma maksilofasial berjenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki dengan persentase 76.1%. Keluhan utama pasien trauma maksilofasial adalah nyeri bagian mulut dan kepala dengan persentase 70.4%. Etiologi trauma maksilofasial terbanyak adalah karena kecelakaan lalu lintas sebanyak 76.1%. Lokasi trauma maksilofasial terbanyak adalah pada tulang zygoma dengan persentase 11.9%. Regio trauma maksilofasial terbanyak adalah ⅓ wajah bagian bawah dengan persentase 52.1%. Tipe trauma maksilofasial terbanyak adalah trauma maksilofasial multipel dengan persentase 53.5%. Tatalaksana trauma oral maksilofasial yang paling sering dilakukan adalah ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) dengan persentase 83.1%. Lama rawat inap pasien trauma yang paling sering terjadi adalah 3 hari dan 6 hari dengan persentase 12.7%. Keluhan utama pasien trauma oral maksilofasial yang paling sering adalah nyeri pada bagian mulut dan kepala dengan persentase 70.4%. Pasien trauma maksilofasial yang melakukan kunjungan control sebesar 90.1% dengan frekuensi kontrol yang paling sering adalah <3 kunjungan dengan persentase 38%.

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Background: Maxillofacial trauma is an injury that includes damage to soft tissue and bones in the facial area, ranging from minor injuries such as lacerations to complex fractures. The causes of this trauma vary greatly because they are influenced by socio-economic factors, culture, age group and geographic location. The incidence is increasing due to a variety of factors, including traffic accidents, acts of violence, sports injuries, falls, and domestic accidents. Until now, data regarding the frequency and distribution of maxillofacial trauma in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: To determine the frequency and distribution of patients with maxillofacial trauma based on age, gender, etiology, location of trauma, trauma management, and length of stay at RSUP Persahabatan for the period 2019 to July 2024. Method: This research method is descriptive with a retrospective study using secondary data obtained from the Oral Surgery Polyclinic, Plastic Surgery Polyclinic, Neuro Surgery Polyclinic, and Pediatric Polyclinic at RSUP Persahabatan. Results: This study recorded 102 cases of maxillofacial trauma at RSUP Persahabatan, with 71 (69.61%) cases meeting the inclusion criteria for this study, involving a total of 126 types of maxillofacial trauma locations during the period January 2019 to July 2024. Conclusion: Age group 10-20 years found the most with a percentage of 39.4%. The majority of maxillofacial trauma patients are male with a percentage of 76.1%. The main complaint of maxillofacial trauma patients is mouth and head pain with a percentage of 70.4%. The etiology of maxillofacial trauma was mostly traffic accidents at 76.1%. The most common location of maxillofacial trauma is the zygoma bone with a percentage of 11.9%. The most common region of maxillofacial trauma is the lower ⅓ of the face with a percentage of 52.1%. The most common type of maxillofacial trauma is multiple maxillofacial trauma with a percentage of 53.5%. The most frequently performed treatment for oral maxillofacial trauma is ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) with a percentage of 83.1%. The most common length of stay for trauma patients is 3 days and 6 days with a percentage of 12.7%. The most frequent main complaint of oral maxillofacial trauma patients is pain in the mouth and head with a percentage of 70.4%. Maxillofacial trauma patients who had control visits were 90.1% with the most frequent control frequency being <3 visits with a percentage of 38%."

"Insidensi trauma maksilofasial dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti: budaya, latar belakang penduduk, ekonomi, dan kepadatan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi kasus trauma maksilofasial yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu. Ditemukan 957 pasien trauma maksilofasial dan 138 fraktur maksilofasial yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, penyebab dan lokasi fraktur. Kelompok usia 21-27 tahun adalah kelompok usia tertinggi dari trauma maksilofasial, jenis kelamin laki-laki 74,82, Perempuan 25,18 dengan perbandingan 3:1. Penyebab trauma maksilofasial yang tertinggi adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas.

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Incidence of maxillofacial trauma affected by several factors culture, population background, economical status, and population density. This study aimed to determine the incidence of maxillofacial trauma occured in the General Hospital of DKI Jakarta RSUD Tarakan, RSUD Koja, RSUD Cengkareng, RSUD Budhi Asih, RSUD Pasar Rebo, RSKD Duren Sawit, RSUD Kepulauan Seribu. There is 957 patient with maxillofacial trauma cases and 138 patients with maxillofacial fractures cases by age, sex, cause and location of fracture. The age group of 21 27 years old is the highest group of maxillofacial trauma found, male 74.82, 25.18 women with a ratio of 3 1. The cause of maxillofacial trauma were highest traffic accident."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Trauma gigi yaitu kerusakan pada jaringan keras gigi atauperiodontal karena sebab mekanis. Prevalensi tertinggi terjadi pada anak usia 8-12tahun. Tingginya prevalensi trauma gigi merupakan hal yang harus dicermati olehibu. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tentang pengetahuan trauma gigi permanenanterior anak usia 8-12 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan dan status kerja ibu.Metode : Analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 50ibu dari siswa/i usia 8-12 tahun yang mengalami trauma gigi anterior. Hasil:Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang trauma gigi permanen anterioranak usia 8-12 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan dan status kerja ibu.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Dental trauma is destruction of dental hard and periodontal tissuecaused by mechanical factor. Highest prevalence of dental trauma happened in 8-12 years old children. This prevalence should be awared by mother. Aim: Toanalyze relationship between knowledge of anterior permanent dental trauma in 8-12 years old children with mother’s educational background and working status.Method: Analytic with cross-sectional design. Subject consisted of 50 mothers of8-12 years old students who have anterior permanent dental trauma. Result: Thereis relationship among knowledge of anterior permanent dental trauma in 8-12years old children with mother’s educational background and working."

"Fraktur maksilofasial memberikan kontribusi terhadap masalah kesehatan. Insiden fraktur maksilofasial bervariasi di berbagai negara bergantung kondisi geografi, budaya dan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi fraktur maksilofasial di Poli Bedah Mulut RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode 2010-2012. Penelitian ini menganalisis 51 rekam medik pasien fraktur maksilofasial. Data dikelompokan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan peyebab fraktur. Jumlah penderita tertinggi berada pada kelompok usia 21-30 tahun. Perbandingan jumlah laki-laki dan perempuan adalah 3.6: 1. Penyebab utama fraktur maksilofasial yaitu kecelakaan lalu lintas (92.2%). Lokasi paling sering terjadi fraktur maksilofasial adalah mandibula (56.1%).

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Maxillofacial fractures contributed to the health problem. Maxillofacial fractures incidence vary in many country depend on geographic, culture and social economic factor. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine distribution of maxillofacial fractures in Oral Surgery Department RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from 2010 to 2012. Medical record of 51 patients who sustained maxillofacial fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Data concerning age, gender, and causes of fractures. The age with high frequency occurring in 21-30 years. The male female ratio was 3.6:1. The major cause of maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accident (92.2%). The most common site was mandible (56.1%)."

"prosthodontics management of post hemimaxillectomy patient were different company to the principle parameters conventional. Treatment planning and design of definitive prostheses of the maxillofacial case need a carefull examination so that it can anticipate and accommodate the prostheses movement during function so that it wouldn't give pathological stress on the teeth. The restoration on every maxillary defect will increase significantly if the teeth were present. The maintenance of the residual teeth will give better support to increase retention and stabilization of the prostheses so that the patient will feel comfortable, has an esthetical and psychological effect. This paper describe a case report were splinting of three anterior teeth adjacent to the defect with a multiple crown restoration, to protect these abutment teeth."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 189-192Dental trauma in childhood and adorescence is a common accidents, with the most accident-prone time is between 9 and 10 years old. Boys affected are almost twice than girls and the maxillary central incisors are the most affected. This report describes an Ellis class II fracture in maxillary central incisors caused by trauma on a 9 years old boys. The case was treated by pulp capping and restored by composite material."

"Pendahuluan: Trauma maksilofasial akibat kecelakaan sepeda motor sering terjadi dan meningkat setiap tahunnya. Cranial Disruption Score (CDS), Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS), Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), Facial Fracture Severity Score (FFSS), Zeeshan and Simon Model (Model ZS), dan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) merupakan indeks keparahan trauma maksilofasial dan tingkat kesadaran yang berguna untuk memberikan perawatan dan mendapatkan prognosis bagi pasien. Akan tetapi, hubungan faktor-faktor dalam kecelakaan sepeda motor yang mempengaruhi keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan indeks-indeks tersebut belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor dalam kecelakaan, yaitu pencahayaan, kecepatan berkendara, dan penggunaan helm, terhadap keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan indeks keparahan CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS pasien trauma maksilofasial di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Kabupaten Tangerang periode Juni 2017 – Mei 2022. Metode: Studi dilakukan dengan menganalisis rekam medis bedah mulut di RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang periode Juni 2017 – Mei 2022. Hasil: Sebanyak 257 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diikutkan dalam studi ini. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) skor CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS berdasarkan pencahayaan, kecepatan berkendara, dan penggunaan helm. Analisis multivariat menunjukan terdapat pengaruh (p<0,05) kecepatan berkendara dan penggunaan helm terhadap keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, dan GCS tetapi pengaruh pencahayaan hanya terlihat pada skor MFISS dan FISS (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan CDS, FFSS, Model ZS dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan dan penggunaan helm, tetapi tidak oleh pencahayaan. Keparahan trauma maksilofasial berdasarkan MFISS dan FISS dipengaruhi oleh pencahayaan, kecepatan, dan penggunaan helm, tetapi hubungan terbalik penggunaan helm dengan FISS

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Disruption Score (CDS), Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS), Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS), Facial Fracture Severity Score (FFSS), Zeeshan and Simon Model (ZS Model), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are indexes of severity maxillofacial trauma and level of consciousness that are useful for providing care and obtaining a prognosis for patients. However, the relationship between factors in motorcycle accidents that influence the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on these indices has never been studied before. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the factors involved in an accident, namely lighting, driving speed, and use of a helmet, on the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on the severity index of CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS in maxillofacial trauma patients at the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) ) Tangerang District for the period June 2017 – May 2022. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the medical records of oral surgery at the Tangerang District Hospital for the period June 2017 – May 2022. Results: A total of 257 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS scores based on lighting, driving speed, and helmet use. Multivariate analysis showed that there was an effect (p<0.05) of driving speed and helmet use on the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on CDS, MFISS, FISS, FFSS, Model ZS, and GCS but the effect of lighting was only seen on the MFISS and FISS scores (p<0, 05). Conclusion: Severity of maxillofacial trauma based on CDS, FFSS, ZS model is affected by speed and helmet use, but not by lighting. The severity of maxillofacial trauma based on MFISS and FISS is influenced by lighting, speed, and helmet use, but there is an inverse relationship between helmet use and FISS."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."