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"Latar Belakang: Penyakit saluran pencernaan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi di seluruh dunia, pembedahan menjadi prosedur utama dalam penanganan tumor dan kanker saluran cerna. Tindakan pembedahan ini sering kali berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi, seperti penurunan massa otot rangka akibat peningkatan respon inflamasi. Rasio C-Reactive Protein (CRP) terhadap albumin dapat digunakan sebagai indikator penting dalam memprediksi prognosis dan komplikasi pasca operasi, termasuk inflamasi sistemik dan penurunan indeks massa otot rangka. Pengukuran rasio CRP terhadap albumin yang menilai status inflamasi dapat menggambarkan penurunan massa otot yang dinilai dengan perubahan Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) pra dan pascaoperasi pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna mayor.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna mayor di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar CRP dan albumin satu sampai tujuh hari praoperasi, kemudian hasil CRP dan albumin dibagi menjadi rasio CRP terhadap albumin. Pengukuran ASMI menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) seca® mBCA 525 yang dilakukan satu sampai tiga hari praoperasi dan lima sampai tujuh hari pascaoperasi. Karakteristik subjek lainnya meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan, tinggi badan, IMT, status gizi berdasarkan GLIM, etiologi pembedahan, penyakit penyerta, kadar CRP praoperasi, kadar albumin praoperasi, serta asupan energi dan protein praoperasi.Hasil: Terdapat 78 subjek dengan rerata usia 52 tahun dan mayoritas perempuan (57,7%). Terdapat 60,3% status malnutrisi menurut kriteria GLIM, 32% subjek mengalami delta ASMI turun, asupan energi kurang sebanyak 48,7%, asupan protein kurang sebanyak 57,7%, dan nilai median rasio CRP terhadap albumin 5,98. Tidak terdapat korelasi rasio CRP terhadap albumin dengan delta ASMI (p = 0,424). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakan antara rasio CRP terhadap albumin dengan delta ASMI turun dan tidak turun (p = 0,813).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara rasio CRP terhadap albumin dengan delta ASMI pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna mayor. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rasio CRP terhadap albumin dengan delta ASMI turun dan tidak turun.

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Background: Gastrointestinal diseases are prevalent health problems worldwide, with surgery being the primary procedure for treating tumors and gastrointestinal cancers. However, this surgical intervention often carries the risk of complications, such as a decline in skeletal muscle mass due to increased inflammatory responses. The C-Reactive Protein (CRP) albumin ratio can serve as a significant indicator for predicting prognosis and postoperative complications, including systemic inflammation and a decrease in skeletal muscle index. Measuring the CRP albumin ratio, which assesses inflammatory status, can reflect muscle mass reduction, evaluated through changes in Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) before and after surgery in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods: This study is a prospective cohort conducted on patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. CRP and albumin levels were measured 1 to 7 days preoperatively, and the CRP to albumin ratio was calculated. ASMI was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) seca® mBCA 525 within 1 to 3 days before surgery and 5 to 7 days postoperatively. Other subject characteristics included age, sex, body weight, height, BMI, nutritional status based on GLIM criteria, surgical etiology, comorbidities, preoperative CRP levels, preoperative albumin levels, and preoperative energy and protein intake.

Results: A total of 78 subjects with a mean age of 52 years were included, with the majority being female (57.7%). There were 60.3% of subjects with malnutrition status according to GLIM criteria, 32% experienced a decrease in delta ASMI, 48.7% had inadequate energy intake, 57.7% had insufficient protein intake, and the median CRP-to-albumin ratio was 5.98. There was no correlation between the CRP albumin ratio and delta ASMI (p = 0.424). There was also no significant difference between the CRP albumin ratio and decreased versus non- decreased delta ASMI (p = 0.813).

Conclusion: There was no correlation between the CRP albumin ratio and delta ASMI in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. Additionally, no significant difference was found between the CRP albumin ratio and decreased versus non-decreased delta ASMI."

"Latar Belakang: Kejadian malnutrisi pada pasien pembedahan mayor dilaporkan sebanyak 40% yang berhubungan dengan penurunan asupan akibat dari gejala yang dialami dan inflamasi pascaoperasi.1,2Kehilangan massa otot pascaoperasi dapat terjadi mulai dari lima hari pascaoperasi dan hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi pascaoperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan protein pascaoperasi dengan perubahan Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan mayor.Metode: Penelitian prospektif observasional dilakukan pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan mayor di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Analisis asupan protein dilakukan selama lima hari pascaoperasi. Perubahan ASMI didapatkan dari pemeriksaan praoperasi dan lima hari pascaoperasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan uji t tidak berpasangan (p < 0,05).Hasil: Penelitian ini melibatkan 110 subjek yang didominasi subjek perempuan dengan median usia 50 tahun. Terdapat 51 subjek dengan asupan protein pascaoperasi < 0,6 g/kgBB/hari dan 59 subjek dengan asupan protein pascaoperasi ≥ 0,6 g/kgBB/hari. Hasil perubahan ASMI dalam rentang -3,9 sampai 2,5 kg/m2. Setelah dilakukan analisis statistik didapatkan perbedaan bermakna rerata perubahan ASMI antara subjek dengan asupan protein pascaoperasi < 0,6 g/kgBB/hari dengan asupan protein pascaoperasi ≥ 0,6 g/kgBB/hari.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein pascaoperasi dengan perubahan ASMI pada pasien pembedahan mayor. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemberian protein pascaoperasi yang optimal untuk mempertahankan massa otot.

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Background: The incidence of malnutrition in major surgical patients is reported to be as high as 40%, associated with reduced intake due to symptoms experienced and postoperative inflammation. Postoperative muscle mass loss can begin as early as five days after surgery and may increase the risk of postoperative complications. This study aims to investigate the relationship between postoperative protein intake and changes in the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) in patients undergoing major surgery.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients undergoing major surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Protein intake analysis was performed over five days postoperatively. Changes in ASMI were assessed through preoperative and five-day postoperative examinations. Data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test (p < 0.05).

Results: The study involved 110 subjects, predominantly female, with a median age of 50 years. There were 51 subjects with postoperative protein intake < 0.6 g/kgBW/day and 59 subjects with postoperative protein intake ≥ 0.6 g/kgBW/day. The range of ASMI changes was -3.9 to 2.5 kg/m . Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the mean ASMI change between subjects with postoperative protein intake < 0.6 g/kgBW/day and those with intake ≥ 0.6 g/kgBW/day.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between postoperative protein intake and changes in ASMI in major surgical patients. This highlights the importance of optimal postoperative protein provision to maintain muscle mass."

"Latar Belakang: Pembedahan saluran cerna dapat menurunkan kapasitas fungsional, terlihat dari penurunan kekuatan genggam tangan, yang berhubungan dengan malnutrisi dan inflamasi. Albumin adalah parameter nutrisi penting yang dapat memengaruhi kekuatan otot, tetapi hubungan antara perubahan kadar albumin dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien pasca bedah saluran cerna belum banyak diteliti.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi kohort prospektif pada 52 pasien dewasa (19–65 tahun) yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Kadar albumin serum diukur sebelum dan setelah operasi, sementara kekuatan genggam tangan dinilai menggunakan dinamometer digital. Analisis korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara perubahan kadar albumin dan kekuatan genggam tangan.Hasil: Mayoritas subjek memiliki kekuatan genggam tangan praoperasi rendah, dengan rata-rata penurunan kekuatan genggam pascaoperasi sebesar 3,5 kg. Mayoritas pasien juga mengalami hipoalbuminemia pascaoperasi, dengan rerata penurunan kadar albumin 0,4 g/dL. Uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara perubahan kadar albumin dan kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi (r = 0,328; p = 0,018). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi sedang yang signifikan antara perubahan kadar albumin dan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien pasca bedah saluran cerna.

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Background: Gastrointestinal surgery can reduce functional capacity, evidenced by a decline in handgrip strength, which is associated with malnutrition and inflammation. Albumin is an essential nutritional parameter that can influence muscle strength, but the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients has not been extensively studied. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort involving 52 adult patients (aged 19–65 years) who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. Serum albumin levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, while handgrip strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength.

Results: The majority of subjects had low preoperative handgrip strength, with an average decrease in postoperative handgrip strength of 3.5 kg. Most patients also experienced postoperative hypoalbuminemia, with an average albumin level reduction of 0.4 g/dL. Correlation analysis revealed a significant moderate association between changes in serum albumin levels and handgrip strength (r = 0,328; p = 0,018). Conclusion: There is a significant moderate correlation between changes in serum albumin levels and changes in handgrip strength in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients."

"Latar Belakang: Pembedahan saluran cerna memiliki risiko komplikasi tinggi yang meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya kesehatan. Penurunan albumin pascaoperasi terkait inflamasi sistemik menjadi indikator penting komplikasi. Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) digunakan untuk menilai komplikasi lebih komprehensif dibanding Clavien-Dindo Classification.Metode:Studi kohort prospektif ini dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Juli-November 2024. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien dewasa yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna. Dari 80 subjek awal, 78 memenuhi kriteria dengan 39 pada kelompok albumin dibawah rata-rata atau median dan 39 albumin diatas rata-rata atau median. Komplikasi pascaoperasi diukur menggunakan Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), yang mencerminkan seluruh komplikasi pada skala kontinu 0-100, di mana skor lebih tinggi menunjukkan beban komplikasi yang lebih berat. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney untuk membandingkan skor CCI antara kedua kelompok albumin.Hasil: Dari total 78 subjek penelitian, didapatkan nilai tengah albumin 2,85 g/dL. Kelompok dengan albumin <2,85 g/dL memiliki skor CCI lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok dengan albumin ≥2,85 g/dL. Analisis menunjukkan hubungan bermakna secara signifikan antara status albumin dan komplikasi pascaoperasi (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Status pascaoperasi berhubungan signifikan dengan komplikasi pasca pembedahan saluran cerna. Penilaian albumin dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pasien berisiko tinggi komplikasi dan merencanakan intervensi nutrisi guna mengurangi komplikasi.

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Background: Gastrointestinal surgery carries a high risk of complications, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Postoperative albumin decline associated with systemic inflammation serves as an important indicator of complications. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) is used to assess complications more comprehensively than the Clavien-Dindo Classification.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from July to November 2024. The study subjects were adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Out of 80 initial subjects, 78 met the inclusion criteria, with 39 in the <2.85 g/dL albumin group and 39 in the >2.85 g/dL albumin group. Postoperative complications were measured using the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), which reflects all complications on a continuous scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater complication burden. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test to compare CCI scores between the two albumin groups.

Results: Among the 78 subjects, the median albumin level was 2.85 g/dL. CCI score in the <2.85 g/dL albumin group significantly higher than the >2.85 g/dL albumin group. These findings indicate a significant association between albumin levels and postoperative complication (p<0.05)..

Conclusion: Postoperative albumin status is significantly associated with gastrointestinal surgery complications. Albumin assessment can be used to identify high-risk patients and plan nutritional interventions to reduce complications."

"Latar Belakang: Pembedahan saluran cerna memiliki risiko komplikasi tinggi yang meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, dan biaya kesehatan. Penurunan albumin pascaoperasi terkait inflamasi sistemik menjadi indikator penting komplikasi. Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) digunakan untuk menilai komplikasi lebih komprehensif dibanding Clavien-Dindo Classification.Metode:Studi kohort prospektif ini dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Juli-November 2024. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien dewasa yang menjalani pembedahan saluran cerna. Dari 80 subjek awal, 78 memenuhi kriteria dengan 39 pada kelompok albumin dibawah rata-rata atau median dan 39 albumin diatas rata-rata atau median. Komplikasi pascaoperasi diukur menggunakan Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), yang mencerminkan seluruh komplikasi pada skala kontinu 0-100, di mana skor lebih tinggi menunjukkan beban komplikasi yang lebih berat. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney untuk membandingkan skor CCI antara kedua kelompok albumin.Hasil: Dari total 78 subjek penelitian, didapatkan nilai tengah albumin 2,85 g/dL. Kelompok dengan albumin <2,85 g/dL memiliki skor CCI lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok dengan albumin ≥2,85 g/dL. Analisis menunjukkan hubungan bermakna secara signifikan antara status albumin dan komplikasi pascaoperasi (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Status pascaoperasi berhubungan signifikan dengan komplikasi pasca pembedahan saluran cerna. Penilaian albumin dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pasien berisiko tinggi komplikasi dan merencanakan intervensi nutrisi guna mengurangi komplikasi.

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Background: Gastrointestinal surgery carries a high risk of complications, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Postoperative albumin decline associated with systemic inflammation serves as an important indicator of complications. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) is used to assess complications more comprehensively than the Clavien-Dindo Classification.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from July to November 2024. The study subjects were adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Out of 80 initial subjects, 78 met the inclusion criteria, with 39 in the <2.85 g/dL albumin group and 39 in the >2.85 g/dL albumin group. Postoperative complications were measured using the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI), which reflects all complications on a continuous scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater complication burden. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test to compare CCI scores between the two albumin groups.

Results: Among the 78 subjects, the median albumin level was 2.85 g/dL. CCI score in the <2.85 g/dL albumin group significantly higher than the >2.85 g/dL albumin group. These findings indicate a significant association between albumin levels and postoperative complication (p<0.05)..

Conclusion: Postoperative albumin status is significantly associated with gastrointestinal surgery complications. Albumin assessment can be used to identify high-risk patients and plan nutritional interventions to reduce complications."

"Latar belakang: Laparotomi merupakan teknik operasi untuk membuka akses kavitas peritoneum dengan membentuk sayatan terbuka di area abdomen. Cedera mukosa akibat trauma pembedahan mengganggu homeostasis epitel, merusak ekosistem mikrobiom, meningkatkan produksi sitokin proinflamasi dan berkaitan dengan kejadian komplikasi pascaoperatif. Probiotik Lactobacillus acidophillus memperkuat sawar usus, mempertahankan ekosistem mikrobiom dan berpotensi memodulasi respon imun. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian mengenai dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar c-reactive protein (CRP) pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal sebagai penanda inflamasiTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian Lactobacillus acidophilus terhadap kadar CRP pascalaparotomi gastrointestinalMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda. Sebanyak 56 subjek yang akan menjalani operasi laparotomi gastrointestinal dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian. Subjek penelitian diberikan kapsul probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 (kelompok probiotik) atau diberikan kapsul laktosa (kelompok plasebo) selama 3 hari sebelum operasi. Kadar CRP diukur 3 hari sebelum prosedur dan 3 hari sesudah prosedur.Hasil: Lima puluh enam subjek dengan 28 subjek pada tiap kelompok, mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai. Pada hari ketiga pascaoperatif, probiotik secara efektif menurunkan peningkatan respon inflamasi dengan nilai akhir CRP pada kelompok probiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 89,65 mg/L vs. plasebo 204 mg/L, p < 0,001). Perubahan peningkatan nilai CRP lebih rendah pada kelompok probiotik dibandingkan kelompok plasebo (median probiotik 84,8 mg/L vs. plasebo 187,6 mg/L, p < 0,001). Terdapat efek samping yang signifikan (mual, diare, muntah dan rasa kembung di perut) pada kelompok probiotik selama penelitian (p = 0,04).Simpulan: Pemberian probiotik preoperatif menurunkan secara signifikan peningkatan CRP pada pasien pascalaparotomi gastrointestinal

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Background: Laparotomy is a surgical technique to open access to the peritoneal cavity by forming an open incision in the abdominal area. Mucosal injury due to surgical trauma can disrupt epithelial homeostasis, impair the microbiome ecosystem, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and relating to the incidence of postoperative complications. Lactobacillus acidophillus probiotic administration improve the intestinal barrier function, maintains the microbiome ecosystem and potentially modulate immune responses. However, there has been no research on the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy as a marker of inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus on CRP levels after gastrointestinal laparotomy

Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Fifty six subjects scheduled gastrointestinal laparotomy surgery were enrolled. Subjects received Lactobacillus acidophilus 109 probiotic capsules (probiotic group) or lactose capsules (placebo group) for 3 days before surgery. CRP levels were measured 3 days before the procedure and 3 days after the procedure.

Results: Fifty-six subjects with 28 subjects in each group completed the study. On the third postoperative day, probiotics effectively suppressed the elevating inflammatory response with the final CRP value in the probiotic group lower than the placebo group (median probiotic 89.65 mg/L vs. placebo 204 mg/L, p < 0.001). Elevated CRP values ​​were lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (median probiotic 84.8 mg/L vs. placebo 187.6 mg/L, p < 0.001). There was a significant side effects (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and bloating) in the probiotic group during study (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Preoperative probiotic administration significantly reduced elevated CRP in patients After Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laporotomy."

"Latar Belakang: Postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction (POGD) merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien pascaoperasi yang menyebabkan peningkatan morbiditas dan lama rawat inap. Malnutrisi sering terjadi pada periode perioperasi. Indeks massa bebas lemak menjadi salah satu penilaian untuk identifikasi pasien dengan malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa bebas lemak praoperasi dengan POGD menggunakan skor Intake-Feeling Nauseated, Emesis, Exam, Duration (I-FEED) dan lama rawat inap pasien pascalaparotomi elektif. Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada 92 subjek berusia 18-64 tahun yang menjalani laparotomi elektif di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo selama bulan Maret-Mei 2023. Pengukuran indeks massa bebas lemak praoperasi menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) SECA mBCA-525. Penilaian POGD berdasarkan American Society for Enchanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement menggunakan skor I-FEED. Penilaian rawat inap dengan data rekam medis dan perhitungan lama rawat pascaoperasi. Dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat dan analisis multivariat pada studi ini. Hasil: Rerata indeks massa bebas lemak pasien 16,5  2,3 kg/m2 dengan kategori rendah sebanyak 29,3%. POGD terjadi pada 41,3% subjek dan median lama rawat pascaoperasi 4 (2-17) hari. Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik pada indeks massa bebas lemak praoperasi dengan POGD menggunakan skor I-FEED dan lama rawat inap pascaoperasi. Analisis klasifikasi indeks massa bebas lemak praoperasi yang rendah meningkatkan risiko kejadian POGD (OR 2,84; 95% CI 1,13-7,16). Analisis lanjutan dengan regresi linier menunjukkan serum albumin praoperasi dan durasi operasi menjadi faktor yang paling berkorelasi dengan skor I-FEED serta asupan protein dan karbohidrat berkorelasi dengan lama rawat pascaoperasi. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi bermakna antara indeks massa bebas lemak praoperasi dengan POGD menggunakan skor I-FEED dan lama rawat inap pasien pascalaparotomi elektif.

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Background: Postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction (POGD) is a complication that increases morbidity and length of stay. Malnutrition often occurs in the perioperative period. Fat-free mass index is one of the assessments for identifying patients with malnutrition that caused complication. This study aims to assess the association between preoperative fat-free mass index and POGD using the Intake-Feeling Nauseated, Emesis, Exam, Duration (I-FEED) score and postoperative length of stay in elective laparotomy patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 subjects aged 18-64 years at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who underwent elective laparotomy from March to May 2023. The fat-free mass index was measured using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) SECA mBCA-525. The POGD assessment was based on the American Society for Enchanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement using the I-FEED score. The length of stay assessment calculated with postoperative length of hospitalization and medical record. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed in this study. Results: The average of patient’s fat-free mass index was 16.5  2,3 kg/m2 and found 29.3% of subjects in low category. 41.3% of subjects developed POGD, and median length of postoperative hospital stay was 4 (2-17) days. There was no statistically significant correlation between preoperative fat-free mass index and POGD using I-FEED score and postoperative length of hospital stay. Classification analysis of low preoperative fat-free mass index increased the risk of POGD (OR 2.84; 95% CI 1.13-7.16). Further analysis using linear logistic for other confounding factors revealed that preoperative serum albumin and duration of surgery were the most correlated factors in I-FEED score. Protein and carbohydrate intake were correlated with postoperative length of hospital stay. Conclusion: There is no correlation between preoperative fat-free mass index and POGD using I-FFEED score and length of stay after elective laparotomy."

"Although there has been a slow but steady decrease in incidence, gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several aspects of the oncological and surgical management are still controversial and so gastric cancer represents a challenge for the surgeon. This book aims to delineate the state of the art in the surgical and oncological treatment of gastric cancer, describing the new TNM staging system, the extent of visceral resection and lymphadenectomy focusing on the different open and minimally invasive surgical techniques and discussing intraoperative chemohyperthermia and neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. Operative endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography are also discussed, as these now have an important role in both diagnostic work-up and palliative care of gastric cancer patients. Only a multidisciplinary approach involving the surgeon, gastroenterologist, and oncologist can produce the comprehensive and integrated overview that today constitutes a winning strategy for the optimization of results.What we hope we have achieved is a flexible, up-to-date, exhaustive publication, rich in illustrations and consistent with evidence-based medicine."

"Latar Belakang: Indeks massa bebas lemak (IMBL) merupakan salah satu marker komposisi tubuh yang mudah dan relatif murah untuk dilakukan serta berhubungan dengan kapasitas fungsional pascaoperasi. Kurangnya asupan, peningkatan inflamasi serta status cairan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal yang menjalani operasi dapat menyebabkan perubahan IMBL yang mungkin berperan terhadap kapasitas fungsional pascaoperasi. Kekuatan genggam tangan merupakan salah satu marker kapasitas fungsional yang mudah, murah dan cepat dapat dilakukan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal pascaoperasi. Hingga saat ini belum banyak penelitian yang menilai korelasi antara perubahan indeks massa bebas lemak dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal yang menjalani operasi.Metode: Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan pasien kanker gastrointestinal dewasa yang akan menjalani pembedahan elektif di salah satu RS tersier di Indonesia. Dilakukan pengukuran IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi pada pascaoperasi hari ke-5 (POD-5) sedangkan data praoperasi diambil dari data rekam medik. Penilaian perubahan IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan dilakukan menggunakan excel, dan pengolahan data secara statistik dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 20.Hasil: Dari total 32 subjek yang direkrut, tidak terdapat drop out. Didapatkan nilai rerata delta IMBL adalah 1,41,9 kg/m2 dengan nilai tengah delta kekuatan genggam tangan adalah –2,1(–7,5)–10) kg. Terdapat peningkatan persentase pasien yang memiliki IMBL normal pada pascaoperasi dari 69% menjadi 84%. Data karakteristik didapatkan rerata peningkatan TBW sebesar 3,1±4,3% pascaoperasi. Hasil analisis statistik korelasi delta IMBL dan delta kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan Spearman menghasilkan korelasi sedang negatif dengan koefisien korelasi (r) –0,437 dengan nilai p=0,012.Kesimpulan: IMBL dan kekuatan genggam tangan merupakan marker komposisi tubuh dan kapasitas fungsional yang cukup baik, relatif murah dan mudah dilakukan pada pasien kanker gastrointestinal pascaoperasi. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi IMBL pascaoperasi antara lain massa otot dan status cairan tubuh, penilaian IMBL pascaoperasi memerlukan pertimbangan marker lainnya yang juga dapat memengaruhi kekuatan genggam tangan pascaoperasi.

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Background: Fat-free mass index (FFMI) is an accessible and relatively cost- effective body composition marker that correlates with post-operative functional capacity. Insufficient intake, increased inflammation, and fluid status in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery can lead to FFMI changes that may affect post-operative functional capacity. Handgrip strength serves as an accessible, cost-effective, and rapid marker of functional capacity for post- operative gastrointestinal cancer patients. Currently, there is limited research examining the correlation between changes in fat-free mass index and handgrip strength in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved adult gastrointestinal cancer patients scheduled for elective surgery at a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. FFMI and handgrip strength measurements were taken on post-operative day 5 (POD-5), while pre-operative data was collected from medical records. Changes in FFMI and handgrip strength were assessed using Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 32 recruited subjects, there were no dropouts. The mean FFMI delta was 1.4±1.9 kg/m2, with a median handgrip strength delta of –2.1(–7.5)–10) kg. There was an increase in the percentage of patients with normal FFMI post- operation from 69% to 84%. Characteristic data showed a mean total body water (TBW) increase of 3.1±4.3% post-operation. Statistical analysis of the correlation between FFMI delta and handgrip strength delta using Spearman's test showed a moderate negative correlation with a correlation coefficient (r) of –0.437 and p- value=0.012.

Conclusion: FFMI and handgrip strength are reliable, relatively cost-effective, and easily implemented markers of body composition and functional capacity in post-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients. Multiple factors influence post- operative FFMI, including muscle mass and body fluid status. Post-operative FFMI assessment requires consideration of other markers that may also affect post-operative handgrip strength."