Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi memori. GLP-1 berperan pada fungsi memori karena interaksi GLP-1/GLP-1R akan meningkatkan modulasi plastisitas sinaptik. Latihan fisik berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan kadar GLP-1 yang dimediasi oleh IL-6 dalam plasma. Namun, efek latihan fisik pada GLP-1/GLP-1R di hipokampus masih belum jelas. Oleh karena itu, kami menyelidiki pengaruh latihan fisik kontinu dan interval pada fungsi memori melalui GLP-1/GLP-1R dan hubungannya dengan IL-6 hipokampus tikus DM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan tikus Wistar umur 8 minggu, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: kontrol normal (KN); kontrol DM (KDM); DM dengan continuous training (DM-CT); dan DM dengan interval training (DM-IT). Tikus DM-CT dan DM-IT dilatih enam kali seminggu selama 6 minggu. Semua tikus melakukan uji forced alternation Y-maze untuk memverifikasi fungsi memori visuo-spasial. Kami menganalisis kadar GLP- 1 dan IL-6 dengan ELISA serta ekspresi GLP-1R dengan RT-PCR. Kami menemukan penurunan fungsi memori visuo-spasial pada tikus DM disertai dengan penurunan GLP-1 dan GLP-1R hipokampus. Latihan fisik dapat mempertahankan fungsi memori visuo-spasial pada tikus DM dikaitkan dengan pemulihan kadar GLP-1 dan ekspresi GLP-1R hipokampus. Kadar GLP-1 dikaitkan dengan kadar IL-6 hipokampus. Terdapat perbedaan respon antara latihan fisik kontinu dan interval pada GLP-1/GLP-1R. Latihan kontinu dapat mempertahankan kadar GLP- 1 dan latihan interval dapat mempertahankan ekspresi GLP-1R hipokampus pada tikus DM. Temuan kami menunjukkan bahwa latihan fisik dapat meningkatkan fungsi memori dengan mempertahankan kadar GLP-1 dan ekspresi GLP-1R hipokampus.

---

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with declining of memory function. GLP-1 has a role on memory function because binding of GLP- 1 and GLP-1R will enhance modulation of synaptic plasticity. Physical exercise has effect in increasing GLP-1 levels mediated by IL-6 in plasma. However, the effect of physical exercise on GLP-1 and GLP-1R in hippocampal is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of continuous and interval training on memory function through GLP-1/GLP-1R and its relation to hippocampal IL-6 of DM rats. This was an experimental study using 8-week-old Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups: normal control (Con); DM control (ConDM); DM with continuous training (DM-CT); and DM with interval training (DM-IT). DM-CT and DM-IT rats were trained six times a week for 6 weeks. All rats performed the Y-maze forced alteration test in order to verify spatial memory function. We analyzed GLP-1 and IL-6 level by ELISA and GLP-1R by RT- PCR. We found decreased spatial memory function in DM rats accompanied by decreased hippocampal GLP-1 and GLP-1R. Physical exercise promote memory function in DM rats associated with restoration of hippocampal GLP-1 and GLP-1R level. The GLP-1 level is associated with hippocampal IL-6 level. There is a difference response between continuous and interval training on GLP-1/GLP-1R. Continuous training slightly increase GLP-1 level and interval training can maintain expression of hippocampal GLP-1R in DM rats. Our findings suggest that physical exercise may promote memory function by slightly increase the level of hippocampal GLP-1 and maintaining expression hippocampal GLP-1R."

"Agriculture in Indonesia is still an important sector in the economy, while for several outer provinces it constitutes the most important economic activity. However, there exists a wide discrepant in agricultural development between in particular Java/Ball and the eastern part of Indonesia. This is the very central issue which the author intents to capture the attention of policy makers in the field of agricultural development. The most advanced region for agricultural cultivation is highly concentrated on the island of Java, while in many parts of eastern Indonesia agricultural cultivation is still underdeveloped in terms of number of plant varieties, product quality and productivity. And these backward farmers belong to the poor group in the population. This wide discrepant in agricultural development is being demonstrated through a number of tables and personal observations by the author. Soil condition, climate and inputs do of course determine the volume, quality and kind of output, but know-how about agricultural technologies is no less important, and this is lacking in the Eastern regions. Unfortunately, thus far the central as well as the local governments do not put much attention to regional agricultural development. Therefore the government should change this attitude or rather its negligence about the problem, because through education in agricultural technologies and extension services the farmers in the outer regions could improve their agricultural technical know-how, contribute to regional development and hence their income."

"This text provides readers with the self-management skills necessary to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Pioneering texts in this field, these revisions of Concepts are designed to deliver a comprehensive text and digital program that continues to be at the cutting edge of physical activity and health promotion, empowering students to make positive steps towards developing a lifelong commitment to being active. Building upon the tremendous success of previous editions, these new editions are being thoroughly fine-tuned to ensure that the writing style, examples, and illustrations are not only contemporary, but also accessible"

"Latar belakang: EE dan/atau latihan fisik dapat meningkatkan memori spasial dan menginduksi peningkatan ekspresi Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pada hipokampus tikus Wistar jantan usia 7 bulan. BDNF berikatan dengan reseptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) menyebabkan TrKB terfosforilasi, menghasilkan perekrutan protein yang mengaktifkan tiga kaskade transduksi sinyal. BDNF dapat meningkatkan kadar dan aktivitas reseptor NMDA sehingga terjadi perubahan jangka panjang pada aktivitas sinaps. Belum diketahui bagaimana pengaruh pemberian kombinasi EE dan latihan aerobik terhadap ekspresi pTrkB dan pNMDAR.Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi reseptor pTrkB dan ekspresi pNMDAR yang dipicu oleh persinyalan BDNF pada hipokampus tikus yang diberikan model EE dan/atau latihan fisik aerobik.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 24 tikus Wistar jantan usia 7 bulan, berat badan 250–350 gr, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: Kontrol (K), Aerobik (A) diberi latihan fisik 5x/mimggu treadmill kecepatan 20 m/menit 30 menit/hari, EE, dan kombinasi latihan fisik EE (AEE). Perlakuan diberikan selama 8 minggu dan dilakukan pengukuran ekpresi pTrkB dan pNMDAR dengan western blot, memori spasial diukur dengan forced alteration Y-maze.Hasil: Fosforilasi TrkB pada situs Tyr705 dan fosforilasi NMDA pada situs Tyr 1336 kelompok kombinasi lebih baik dari kontrol namun peningkatan tidak bermakna secara statistik. Fungsi memori spasial jangka pendek kelompok EE lebih baik daripada kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: EE kontinu dapat meningkatkan fungsi memori spasial jangka pendek tikus, kombinasi EE dan latihan aerobik cenderung meningkatkan pTrkB dan pNMDAR namun tidak bermakna secara statistik.

---

Background: EE and/or aerobic exercise can improve spatial memory and induce increased expression of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats aged 7 months. BDNF binds to the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) induce phosphorilating of TrKB, resulting the recruitment of a protein that activates three signal transduction cascades. BDNF can increase the levels and activity of the NMDA receptors, resulting in long-term changes in synaptic activity. The effect of combination of continuous EE and aerobic exercise on hippocampus pTrkB and pNMDAR expression is not yet known.

Objective: To analyze pTrkB receptor expression and pNMDAR expression induced by BDNF signaling in the hippocampus of mice given EE models and / or aerobic exercise.

Methods: Experimental study using 24 male Wistar rats aged 7 months, weight 250–350 gr, divided into 4 groups: Control (K), Aerobics (A) given 5x physical exercise/week with treadmill speed 20 m/min 30 minutes/day, EE, combination of physical exercise and EE (AEE). Treatment was administered for 8 weeks and the phosphorylation of TrkB and NMDA receptors measured with Western blot, spatial memory measured by forced alteration of Y-maze.

Result:The combination group of TrkB phosphorylation at Tyr705 site and NMDA phosphorylation at the Tyr 1336 site were better than the control group but the increase was not statistically significant. The EE group's short-term spatial memory function was better than the control group.

Conclusion: Continuous EE can improve mouse short-term spatial memory function, combination of EE and aerobic exercise tends to increase pTrkB and pNMDAR but not statistically significant."

"Latihan Fisik merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori melalui peningkatan neuroplastisitas. Intensitas dan durasi latihan fisik yang tepat dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori melalui peningkatan ekspresi protein Neuroligin dan Reseptor NMDA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas dan durasi latihan fisik terhadap fungsi memori spasial serta ekspresi protein Neuroligin dan Reseptor NMDA pada hipokampus tikus Wistar jantan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental in vivo selama 6 minggu, menggunakan 25 ekor tikus Wistar jantan usia 6 bulan yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu: 1 kelompok sedenter S , 2 kelompok intensitas ringan durasi singkat R15 , 3 intensitas ringan durasi lama R30 , 4 intensitas berat durasi singkat B15 , 5 intensitas berat durasi lama B30. Latihan fisik aerobik dilakukan dengan berlari pada animal treadmill 5 hari/minggu selama 6 minggu. Kecepatan yang digunakan adalah 20 m/min untuk intensitas ringan dan 30 m/min untuk intensitas berat, serta 15 menit untuk durasi singkat dan 30 menit untuk durasi lama. Pengukuran fungsi memori menggunakan water E maze sebanyak 4 kali pada minggu 0, 2, 4, dan 6. Pengukuran ekspresi protein Neuroligin dan Reseptor NMDA menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intensitas ringan durasi lama merupakan yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori spasial melalui ekspresi protein Neuroligin dan Reseptor NMDA tikus Wistar jantan.

---

Physical exercise is one of factors that can improve learning and memory associated with increasing neuroplasticity. The appropriate intensity and duration of physical exercise can improve learning and memory that mediated by expression of Neuroligin and NMDA Receptor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise on spatial memory and expression of Neuroligin and NMDAR in male Wistar rats hippocampus. The research was an experimental in vivo for 6 weeks, using 25 male Wistar rats age 6 months old randomly divided into 5 groups 1 sedenter group S , 2 low intensity and short duration group R15 , 3 low intensity and long duration group R30 , 4 high intensity and short duration group B15 , 5 high intensity and long duration group B30.

The aerobic exercise was performed by running on animal treadmill 5 day week for 6 weeks. Low intensity was 20 m min while high intensity was 30 m min. Short duration was 15 minutes while long duration was 30 minutes. The measurement of memory function used water E maze for 4 times, on week 0, 2, 4, and 6. Protein expression of Neuroligin and NMDA Receptor was examined with immunohistochemistry technique. This research showed that the aerobic exercise with low intensity and long duration group has best memory performance and expression of neuroligin and NMDA Receptor of male wistar rats."

"Latar Belakang: Memori sangat berperan penting dalam proses kehidupan. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, fungsi memori akan mengalami penurunan karena proses neurodegenerasi. Stimulus eksternal baik latihan fisik aerobik maupun environmental enrichment EE mampu memperlambat terjadinya neurodegenerasi dengan meningkatkan neuroplastisitas melalui ekspresi berbagai protein baik protein sinaptik maupun growth factor seperti insulin like growth factor 1 IGF-1 dan fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF-2 . Pemberian kombinasi latihan aerobik dan environmental enrichment kontinyu dan pengaruhnya pada ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan fungsi memori belum dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental pada 24 tikus Wistar jantan Rattus norvegicus, 300-400 gram, usia 7-8 bulan , dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok: kontrol K , latihan aerobik A , Environmental Enrichment kontinyu EE , dan kombinasi latihan aerobik dan Environmental Enrichment kontinyu A-EE .Hasil: Kelompok kombinasi latihan aerobik dan environmental enrichment A-EE menunjukkan fungsi memori spasial tikus terbaik. Namun ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 hipokampus pada kelompok A-EE tidak lebih tinggi dari kelompok lain. Selain itu, ekspresi FGF-2 hipokampus berkorelasi positif dengan kekuatan sedang dengan fungsi memori, sedangkan IGF-1 hipokampus berkorelasi negatif dengan kekuatan lemah dengan fungsi memori.Kesimpulan: Peningkatan fungsi memori pada kelompok kombinasi merupakan hasil induksi ekspresi berbagai protein di hipokampus, namun jalur utama yang meningkatkan fungsi memori bukanlah melalui peningkatan ekspresi IGF-1 dan FGF-2 di hipokampus.

---

Background Memory plays an important role in life. Memory declines with age through the process of neurodegeneration. External stimuli such as aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment EE can delay neurodegeneration by improving neuroplasticity via expression of various synaptic proteins and growth factors such as insulin like growth factor 1 IGF 1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF 2 . Combination treatment of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment and their effect on the expression of IGF 1 and FGF 2 which were expected to improve memory function has not been studied previously.Materials and Methods This is an experimental research using 24 male Wistar rats Rattus norvergicus, 300 400 g, age 7 8 months divided randomly into 4 groups control C , aerobic exercise A , continuous environmental enrichment EE , and combination of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment A EE .Results Combination of aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment group A EE showed the best improvement in rats rsquo spatial memory. But their hippocampal IGF 1 and FGF 2 expression were not higher than other groups. There was positive correlation between hippocampal FGF 2 and memory function, but there was negative correlation between hippocampal IGF 1 and memory function.Conclussions Improvement in memory function in combination group is a result of induction of various protein expression in the hippocampus, but the primary pathway of memory function improvement is not through the hippocampal IGF 1 and FGF 2 expression. "

"Latihan fisik merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori. Latihan fisik dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin pada otak, termasuk hipokampus, dengan cara meningkatkan transpor triptofan yang merupakan prekursor serotonin menuju otak. Serotonin merupakan neurotransmiter yang diketahui dapat mempengaruhi berbagai fungsi otak, termasuk proses belajar dan memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik intensitas ringan terhadap kemampuan belajar dan memori serta kadar serotonin pada hipokampus. Latihan fisik dilakukan menggunakan treadmill pada kecepatan 15 m/menit selama empat minggu, dengan durasi latihan 15 menit untuk minggu ke-1 dan 25 menit untuk tiga minggu berikutnya. Pada akhir masa perlakuan, hewan coba didekapitasi, jaringan hipokampus diisolasi dan ditimbang. Kemudian serotonin dan triptofan diekstraksi dari jaringan hipokampus, pengukuran kadar serotonin dan triptofan dilakukan dengan menggunakan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latihan fisik aerobik intensitas ringan dapat meningkatkan performa hewan coba dalam menyelesaikan uji belajar dan memori pada perangkat water-E maze. Pada kelompok perlakuan, penurunan waktu tempuh yang signifikan terlihat pada minggu ke-1, namun hal tersebut baru terlihat pada minggu ke-4 pada kelompok kontrol. Penurunan jumlah kesalahan yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan terlihat pada minggu ke-2, tetapi penurunan jumlah kesalahan yang signifikan belum terlihat sampai dengan minggu ke-4 pada kelompok kontrol. Analisis statistik komparatif hasil belajar dan memori antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam hal waktu tempuh yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan uji belajar dan memori baik oleh kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok perlakuan. Jumlah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh hewan coba pada kelompok perlakuan lebih sedikit secara signifikan pada uji belajar dan memori minggu ke-3 dan ke-4 (p<0,05). Berat total hipokampus kelompok perlakuan lebih berat secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar serotonin pada hipokampus kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar triptofan lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kadar serotonin pada hipokampus yang diinduksi oleh latihan fisik terlibat dalam meningkatkan fungsi dan struktur hipokampus sehingga berperan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar dan memori spasial.

---

Physical exercise is one of the most important factors that can improve learning and memory. Physical exercise can enhance serotonin level in the brain by increasing tryptophan (serotonin precursor) transport to the brain, including the hippocampus. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that influencing many brain functions, including learning and memory.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of low intensity of aerobic exercise on learning and memory ability and serotonin level in adult male wistar rats hippocampus. Physical exercise was done for four weeks using animal treadmill at 15 m/min in speed, 15 minutes for 1st week and 25 minutes for the next three weeks in duration. At the end of the treatment period, animals were decapitated, the hippocampus tissues were isolated and weighed. Then serotonin and tryptophan extracted from hippocampal tissue, the measurements of hippocampal serotonin and tryptophan levels were done using HPLC.

The results showed that low intensity of aerobic exercise can improve animal performance in completing the learning and memory tests on the water-E maze. The duration time to finish learning and memory test was significantly decrease at 1st week in exercised group, but it was seen at 4th week in the control group. The number of errors was significantly decrease at 2nd week in exercised group, but significant decrease in the number of errors have not been seen until the 4th week in the control group.

Statistical comparative test of learning and memory between the control group and the exercised group showed that there was no significant difference in terms of duration time needed by both groups to complete learning and memory tests (p>0,05). Statistically significant difference of error numbers had ben shown by exercised group at 3rd and 4th week (p<0,05). The total weight of the hippocampus of exercised group was significantly heavier than the control group (p<0,05). Serotonin levels in the hippocampus of exercised group significantly higher than that in control group (p<0,05). Meanwhile, triptofan levels was also higher in the hippocampus of exercised group although not significantly different.

These results indicate that the enhancement of serotonin levels in the hippocampus induced by low intensity of aerobic exercise was involved not only in improving the function and stucture of the hippocampus but also spatial learning and memory ability as well."

"Berbagai penelitian terus dilakukan untuk mencari intervensi dalam upaya mencegah komplikasi sistem kardiovaskular yang timbul akibat kondisi hiperglikemia pada diabetes. Pada kondisi hiperglikemia, latihan fisik intensitas tinggi interval (HIIT) dan intensitas sedang kontinu (MICT) diketahui memiliki pengaruh positif, salah satunya melalui peningkatan kadar GLP-1. GLP-1 selanjutnya meningkatkan kadar eNOS aorta dan menekan ekspresi RAGE. Keseluruhan proses tersebut memberikan proteksi pada endotel dan mencegah perubahan struktur pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh HIIT dan MICT terhadap kadar GLP-1, eNOS, ekspresi RAGE pada aorta dan dampaknya pada struktur aorta. Digunakan tikus jantan wistar usia 8 minggu yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (6 tikus per kelompok): kelompok kontrol tanpa intervensi latihan fisik (KN), hiperglikemia tanpa perlakuan (KHG), hiperglikemia dengan intervensi MICT (HG CT), dan hiperglikemia dengan intervensi HIIT (HG IT). Hiperglikemia diinduksi dengan injeksi streptozotocin intraperitoneal dosis tunggal (40mg/BB). Tikus dianggap memenuhi kriteria hiperglikemia jika kadar glukosa darah 72 jam pasca injeksi >200mg/dL. Intervensi latihan fisik dilakukan selama 6 minggu, dilanjutkan dekapitasi dan pengambilan jaringan aorta. Kadar GLP-1 dan eNOS diuji menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich, sementara ekspresi RAGE diuji menggunakan metode qPCR. Gambaran histologi aorta dilihat menggunakan metode pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan nilai median kadar GLP-1 dan ekspresi RAGE antara KHG dengan HG CT dan HG IT (p < 0.05), namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai median kadar eNOS antara KHG dengan HG CT dan HG IT (p > 0.05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan diameter serta ketebalan dinding aorta antar kelompok. Untuk seluruh parameter yang diukur, tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara HG CT dan HG IT. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa baik HIIT dan MICT memberikan efek proteksi vaskular yang sama pada kondisi hiperglikemia, melalui peningkatan GLP-1 dan inhibisi RAGE.

---

Research is continuously performed to seek interventions to prevent cardiovascular system complications in diabetes arising from hyperglycemia. In hyperglycemia, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are known to have a positive effect, one of which is through increasing GLP-1 levels. GLP-1 further increases aortic eNOS levels and inhibit RAGE expression. The whole process provides protection to the endothelium and prevents pathological changes in structure of the blood vessels. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of HIIT and MICT on GLP-1 level, eNOS level, and RAGE expression in the aorta and how these affect the structure of aorta. Wistar male rats aged 8 weeks were divided into 4 groups (6 rats per group): control group without exercise (KN), hyperglycemia without treatment (KHG), hyperglycemia with MICT (HG CT), and hyperglycemia with HIIT (HGIT). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/BW). Rats were considered hyperglycemia if the blood glucose level within 72 hours after injection was >200 mg/dL. The exercise intervention was carried out for 6 weeks, followed by decapitation and aorta tissue collection. GLP-1 and eNOS levels were tested using the sandwich ELISA method, while RAGE expression was tested using the qPCR method. Histology of the aorta was analyze using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The results showed that there was a difference in the median value of GLP-1 levels and RAGE expression between KHG and both HG CT and HG IT (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the median value of eNOS levels between KHG and both HG CT and HG IT (p > 0.05). There was no difference in aorta diameter and wall thickness within groups. For all parameters measured, no difference was found between HG CT and HG IT. It can be concluded that both HIIT and MICT exert similar vascular protective effects in hyperglycemic conditions, through increased GLP-1 and RAGE inhibition."

"ABSTRAKMitokondria biogenesis dipengaruhi oleh peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-α) yang dapat diinduksi melalui latihan fisik. Latihan fisik memiliki variasi: latihan kontinu (durasi lama) dan latihan interval (durasi singkat). Selama latihan fisik, laktat yang dihasilkan otot rangka dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi di jantung yang akan diubah oleh laktat dehidrogenase B (LDHB). Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk membandingkan perubahan kadar PGC-1α dan LDH B di jaringan jantung tikus dewasa setelah diberikan latihan interval dan kontinu. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus Wistar dewasa usia 12 bulan dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok (n=5). Latihan fisik dilakukan menggunakan treadmill tikus dengan kecepatan yang dinaikkan bertahap selama 8 minggu dengan frekuensi 5 kali perminggu. Pengukuran kadar PGC-1α dan LDH B menggunakan metode ELISA. Uji statistik menggunakan One Way Anova dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok interval dan kontinu terhadap kadar PGC-1α (P<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok terhadap kadar LDH B. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar PGC-1α dan LDH B pada jaringan miokardium tikus dewasa.

---

ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial biogenesis is affected by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and can be induced through physical exercise. Physical exercise has variations: continuous training (long duration) and interval training (short duration). During physical exercise, lactate from skeletal muscle produced can be used as an energy source in the hearth through conversion by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH B). The purpose of this study was to compare in PGC-1α and LDH B levels of adult rat cardiac tissue after interval and continuous training. This study used 15 adult Wistar rats aged 12 month, divided into 3 groups (n=5). Training was conducted using a rodent treadmill with gradually increased of speed for 8 weeks and frequency of 5 days/weeks. PGC-1α and LDH B levels in heart tissue were measured using ELISA. Statistical tests using One Way Anova and Pearson correlation. The result showed that there were significant differences between interval and continuous training groups of PGC-1α levels (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between groups of LDH B levels. There was no correlation between PGC-1α and LDH B levels in adult rat cardiac tissue."

"Latar Belakang : Komunikasi antar sel otot jantung terjadi dengan bantuan protein connexin, terutama connexin43, yang merupakan protein utama penyusun gap junction pada sel otot jantung. Pada penyakit jantung yang disertai dengan hipertrofi, adanya perubahan ukuran pada jantung ini akan mempengaruhi produksi dan distribusi protein connexin43 pada sel otot jantung. Semakin besar ukuran sel, maka ekspresi connexin akan meningkat disertai dengan peningkatan distribusi connexin ke lateral. Lateralisasi connexin ini dapat mengganggu hantaran impuls listrik antar sel otot jantung. Latihan fisik erobik juga dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya adaptasi organ jantung berupa peningkatan ukuran dan kerja ventrikel kiri dalam upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan oksigen dan metabolisme tubuh yang meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh keadaan hipertrofi fisiologis yang terjadi akibat latihan fisik, dalam hal ini latihan fisik erobik, terhadap produksi dan distribusi protein connexin43. Tujuan : Melihat bagaimana pengaruh latihan fisik erobik dan detraining terhadap ekspresi dan distribusi protein connexin43. Desain : Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental in vivo pada tikus. Metode : Pada jaringan jantung tikus dilakukan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia untuk melihat bagaimana jumlah dan distribusi dari protein connexin43 serta dilakukan perbandingan antara tikus yang tidak diberi latihan fisik dengan tikus yang diberi latihan fisik erobik dan detraining. Hasil : Pada perbandingan antara kelompok kasus dan perlakuan, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada parameter total Cx43, Cx43 diskus interkalatus, Cx43 lateral, dan presentase Cx43 diskus interkalatus dan Cx43 lateral (p<0,05). Pada perbandingan antara kelompok kontrol, perbedaan bermakna hanya ditemukan pada perbandingan antara kelompok 8 dan 12 minggu untuk parameter total Cx43 dan jumlah Cx43 diskus interkalatus. Pada perbandingan antara kelompok perlakuan, ditemukan perbedaan bermakna untuk parameter total Cx43 pada kelompok latihan erobik 4 minggu dengan kelompok latihan erobik 4 minggu yang diikuti proses detraining 4 minggu. Kesimpulan : Latihan fisik erobik memberikan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Pada perbandingan antara perlakuan, diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok latihan fisik yang disertai/tidak disertai proses detrain.

---

Background: Communication between cardiomyocyte happens in the gap junction located on intercalated disk. In patologically hypertrophied heart, the bigger cardiomyocyte become, the more protein expressed and distributed to lateral side of cardiomyocyte. It will cause disturbance in electrical and metabolic coupling between cardiomyocyte. Aerobic training will also cause hypertrophy, especially left ventricle, because the heart has to pump more blood that carry oxygen that is needed in the cell. This research is done in order to analyze the effect of physiologically hypertropied heart, cause by aerobic training, on the expression and distribution of connexin43.

Objective : To see the effect of aerobic training and detraining to the expression and distribution of connexin43 in heart.

Design : This research is using experimental study on rat.

Methods : Expression and distribution of connexin43 from rat's ventricle tissue is detected using immunohistochemistry then analyzed with imageJ program. The results are compared between control group and group that’s given aerobic training and detraining.

Results : Significant differences in the amount of total Cx43, Cx43 in intercalated disc, lateralized Cx43, Cx43 intercalated disc percentage, and lateralized Cx43 percentage was found in all the aerobic groups compared with controls. Comparison between control groups show significant differences of total Cx43 and Cx43 in intercalated disc only between 8 weeks control and 12 weeks control group. Comparison between aerobic groups shows significant differences in amout of total Cx43 between 4 weeks aerobic training and 4 weeks aerobic training followed by 4 weeks detraining period.

Conclusion : Aerobic training causes an increase in amount of total Cx43, Cx43 in intercalated disc, lateralized Cx43. The increase in the amount of Cx43 will diminish during detraining period."