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Thiofanty
"Sejak tahun 2000-an, proliferasi FTA pun bermunculan yang dibentuk oleh berbagai negara di dunia. Banyaknya FTA bilateral yang terbentuk pun bervariasi, tidak hanya antar negara maju, tetapi juga antara negara maju dan berkembang. Berbagai literatur menunjukkan bahwa terdapat konsekuensi secara ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang di dalam membentuk FTA dengan negara maju. Meskipun demikian, Vietnam sebagai negara berkembang bersepakat untuk melakukan FTA Bilateral dengan EU sebagai negara maju. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, studi ini menganalisis faktor internasional dan domestik yang mendorong pembentukan EVFTA dari sudut pandang Vietnam. Melalui teori competitive regionalism oleh Solis dan Katada dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus tunggal, penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana Vietnam membentuk EVFTA sebagai tindakan yang strategis di dalam skenario kompetisi yang diinisiasi oleh tindakan awal kompetitor, yaitu Tiongkok. Terlebih lagi, tulisan ini juga menguraikan elemen multidimensional seperti ekonomi, politik, dan legal, yang memotivasi Vietnam untuk membentuk FTA bilateral dengan EU. Melalui penelitian ini, tampak bahwa Vietnam membentuk EVFTA tidak hanya sebagai instrumen ekonomi, tetapi juga instrumen politik. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, tulisan ini berkontribusi dalam pembahasan motivasi politik di dalam suatu pembentukan kebijakan ekonomi, sekaligus memperkaya literatur tentang hubungan kerja sama antara Vietnam dan EU.

Since the 2000s, the proliferation of FTAs ​​has emerged, followed by various countries in the world. The number of bilateral FTAs ​​formed also varies, not only among developed countries, but also between developed and developing countries. Various literatures show that there are economic consequences faced by developing countries in forming FTAs ​​with developed countries. Nevertheless, Vietnam as a developing country agreed to carry out a Bilateral FTA with the EU as a developed country. Based on this background, this study analyzes the international and domestic factors that drive the establishment of EVFTA from Vietnam's point of view. Using theory of competitive regionalism by Solis and Katada and a qualitative approach with single case study method, this paper shows how Vietnam formed EVFTA as a strategic action in a competition scenario initiated by the competitor's initial action, namely China. Moreover, this paper also describes multidimensional elements; economic, political, and legal, which motivated Vietnam to form a bilateral FTA with the EU. Through this research, it appears that Vietnam formed EVFTA not only as an economic instrument, but also a political instrument. Based on these findings, this paper contributes to the discussion of political motivations in the formation of economic policy, as well as enriches the literature on the relationship between Vietnam and the EU."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Meyer, F.V.
New York: Frederic A. Praeger , 1961
337.914 MEY e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eksa Septiana
"[ABSTRAK
Setelah bergabung dengan UE, ekonomi negara-negara Visegrad semakin terbuka dan mengalami peningkatan
PDB. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan, yang telah diterapkan sejak negara-negara
Visegrad masih dalam tahap persiapan keanggotaan UE. Kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan yang diterapkan
berupa peningkatan kuota, penghapusan bea, dan kemudahan dalam regulasi pada barang impor. Di pihak lain,
UE juga memperoleh keuntungan dengan bergabungnya negara-negara Visegrad karena pangsa pasar UE
semakin luas.ABSTRACT Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the
increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad
countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was
implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on
the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the
EU?s market share more expand;Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the
increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad
countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was
implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on
the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the
EU?s market share more expand, Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the
increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad
countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was
implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on
the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the
EU’s market share more expand]"
Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia, 2015
MK-PDF
UI - Makalah dan Kertas Kerja  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rahmadian Paramita
"Kemajuan ekonomi Indonesia yang pesat menjadikan Indonesia pasar yang menjanjikan, termasuk bagi negara-negara EFTA yang terletak di wilayah Eropa dan merupakan negara-negara maju. Namun demikian, jarak antar negara dan perbedaan kondisi negara tidak menjadi penghalang kerja sama ekonomi antara Indonesia dan EFTA dalam IE-CEPA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis motif Indonesia menyetujui IE-CEPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, 'website' resmi EFTA dan pemerintah Indonesia, serta studi kepustakaan dari sumber-sumber tertulis lain. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki motif ekonomi, politik, dan' leverage' dalam IE-CEPA. Motif ekonomi Indonesia mencakup motif memperluas akses pasar ke EFTA dan Uni Eropa melalui EFTA serta menghindari pengalihan perdagangan yang dapat dilakukan oleh EFTA kepada Indonesia. Motif politik Indonesia mencakup memperkuat hubungan damai Indonesia dengan EFTA yang terganjal dengan perbedaan pemikiran dan meningkatkan pengakuan Indonesia di ranah internasional, khususnya oleh EFTA dan mitra-mitranya. Motif 'leverage' Indonesia mencakup menyelenggarakan 'capacity building dan mempertahankan pembelajaran yang diterima dari EFTA serta menciptakan 'precedent' sebagai negara Asia Tenggara ketiga yang bekerja sama dengan EFTA.

Indonesia`s rapid economic progress has made Indonesia a promising market, including for EFTA countries, which are developed countries and located in Europe. However, barriers which include the distance between countries and the differences in state conditions do not stop the economic cooperation between Indonesia and EFTA in IE-CEPA. The purpose of this study is to analyze Indonesia`s motives in approving IE-CEPA. This study uses qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, EFTA and Indonesian government official websites, as well as literature studies from other written sources. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has economic, political, and leverage motives in IE-CEPA. Indonesia`s economic motives include the motive for expanding market access to EFTA and the European Union through EFTA, as well as avoiding trade diversion that can be carried out by EFTA to Indonesia. Indonesia`s political motives include strengthening Indonesia`s relations with EFTA in peace which is hampered by the differences of mind and enhancing Indonesia`s recognition in the international sphere, especially by EFTA and its partners. The leverage motives of Indonesia are carrying out capacity building and maintaining the process received by EFTA, as well as creating precedent as the third Southeast Asian country in FTA cooperation with EFTA.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T53103
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Zainab Assegaff
"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan Indonesia dalam negosiasi perdagangan bebas Uni Eropa (UE) dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara, yang dilihat dari perspektif UE. Pertanyaan pendahuluan dari penelitian ini adalah mengapa UE menegosiasikan perjanjian perdagangan bebas dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Sementara itu, pertanyaan penelitian utama dari tesis ini adalah mengapa Indonesia hanya menjadi negara keenam di Asia Tenggara yang melakukan negosiasi perdagangan bebas dengan UE dan bukan yang pertama. Metode penelitian tesis ini adalah metode analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kasus, dalam hal ini negosiasi perdagangan bebas UE-Asia Tenggara. Metode pengumpulan data utama menggunakan teknik studi pustaka yang dikumpulkan dari buku, artikel, laman berita, dan laman resmi dari organisasi-organisasi terkait. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, peneliti menggunakan teori Cross-Regionalism yang dikemukakan oleh Mireya Solís dan Saori N. Katada (2007). Faktor regional yang membuat UE melakukan perjanjian perdagangan bebas (FTA) lintas kawasan antara lain kondisi ekonomi internal yang terpuruk; kemunculan kekuatan-kekuatan ekonomi baru, terutama Tiongkok, yang menyaingi UE; kemajuan ekonomi dari keenam negara Asia Tenggara yang jauh lebih baik dari UE; kondisi perdagangan barang yang tidak menguntungkan dengan ASEAN; dan kebijakan politik UE. FTA lintas kawasan merupakan upaya UE untuk memperbaiki kondisi perekonomiannya, mencegah terjadinya pengalihan perdagangan (trade diversion), dan menjadi kekuatan normatif. Faktor regional yang menyebabkan Indonesia tidak menjadi prioritas bagi UE adalah kondisi ekonomi Indonesia yang tidak lebih baik dari Singapura, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, dan Filipina; hubungan ekonomi UE-Indonesia yang menurun; isu-isu keberlanjutan (sustainability); dan minimnya hubungan UE-Indonesia. Kemudian, motif yang memengaruhi UE untuk melakukan FTA lintas kawasan adalah motif pengaruh (leverage), yaitu untuk mempromosikan nilai-nilai UE, sehingga terbentuk like-minded countries. Motif ekonomi dan motif pengaruh (leverage) merupakan alasan yang menyebabkan Indonesia tidak menjadi mitra negosiasi FTA bilateral pertama dan hanya yang keenam. Tampaknya kedua alasan ini memengaruhi UE dalam penentuan mitra FTA, sedangkan motif keamanan dan diplomasi tidak memengaruhinya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa motif keamanan dan diplomasi (politik) diabaikan oleh UE. Dalam memilih mitra FTA, nilai-nilai yang diusung UE kalah ketika berhadapan dengan kepentingan ekonominya.

This thesis aims to analyze Indonesia's position in the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations between the European Union (EU) and Southeast Asian countries as seen from the EU's perspective. The preliminary question of this thesis is why the EU negotiated FTAs with Southeast Asian countries. Meanwhile, the primary research question is why Indonesia became the sixth country in Southeast Asia to negotiate a bilateral FTA with the EU instead of the first. The research method of this thesis is a qualitative analysis using a case study, which is the EU-Southeast Asia FTA negotiations. The majority of the data collected in this thesis is collected from books, articles, news pages, and official pages from related organizations. To answer the research question, the researcher uses Cross-Regionalism theory put forward by Mireya Solís and Saori N. Katada (2007). Regional factors that have led the EU to conduct cross-regional FTA ​​are internal economic slump; the emergence of new economic powers, notably China, that rival the EU; economic improvement of the six Southeast Asian countries which is much better than the EU; unfavorable trade in goods with ASEAN; and EU political policy. Cross-regional FTA is EU's effort to improve its economic condition, prevent trade diversion, and become a normative power. Regional factors that have caused Indonesia not to become a priority for the EU are Indonesia's economic condition that was no better than Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines; the decline of EU-Indonesia economic relation; sustainability issues; and the lack of EU-Indonesia relation. Furthermore, the motive that influences the EU to conduct cross-regional FTA ​​is leverage motive, namely to promote EU values, so that like-minded countries are formed. Economic motive and leverage motive were the reasons why Indonesia was not the first and only the sixth bilateral FTA negotiating partner. It seems that both of these reasons influenced the EU in determining its FTA partners, while security and diplomacy motives did not influence the EU. This shows that security and diplomacy (politics) motives were disregarded by the EU. In choosing FTA partners, the values promoted by the EU lose out when it comes to its economic interests."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Imelda Diana. author
"ABSTRAK
In the Treaty of Rome 1957, agriculture sector has been recognized as an important feature regarding its strategic values, such as the natural factor with its major role, food endurance and its susceptibility toward competitive pressures although its contributions on economics declined.
On 30 July 1962, Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was introduced after three years of negotiations in line with the mechanism settlement and its organizations as a whole. Various agricultural problems in member states were the causes of the difficulties in achieving agreements on CAP mechanism.
Protectionism through market mechanism (price intervention and subsidies) which tried improving the welfare of farmers was the central focus of CAP. But as time goes, this mechanism burdens the European Union's budget. The EU's budget allocation to CAP in 1990 was almost 60% which lead to debates between France and United Kingdom on Budgeting 2007-2013. The EU's enlargement in 2004 was also a cause that burdens the budget. Other factors are the demand from the international trade regulations in GATT, then WTO which tried to establish international trade liberalization through reducing protectionism such as reducing tariffs and subsidies. Various requests on environment conservations, rural development and biotechnology improvement were backgrounds of Mac Sharry Reformations, Agenda 2000 and Reformation 2003.
Pros and Cons on CAP within the European Unions didn't affect the EU's integration because of the common perspectives on uniting Europe as a whole. Less debates within the CAP would shift the focus on external issues therefore strengthen the international positions of EU. But even though EU is powerful enough, deadlock against United States would still remain.
These days international trade is already relative free where barriers in trade are declined. Therefore CAP is no longer a relevant issue. It can block the international trade liberalization because the protectionism still exists. It will be a difficult task for the European Union to completely remove CAP because of its importance for the member states. Currently the European Union is only able to reduce its protection value in phase."
2007
T17934
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Syanne Anandyah
"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Motivasi India dalam ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement. ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement, sebagai salah satu perjanjian perdagangan bebas antar kawasan dengan jumlah populasi yang sangat banyak dan jumlah volume perdagangan yang cukup besar, disetujui untuk dilakukan tinjauan atas permintaan India dan dengan persetujuan ASEAN di tahun 2019 setelah 10 tahun beroperasi. Hal ini kemudian menimbulkan pertanyaan, mengapa India baru mengajukan tinjauan setelah 10 tahun beroperasi dan apa motivasi India dalam AIFTA ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis motivasi yang dimiliki India dan menemukan bahwa India memiliki motivasi ekonomi, leverage, efek interaksi, dan pemimpin di dalam AIFTA.

This research discusses India's motivation in the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement. The ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement, as one of the free trade agreements between regions with a very large population and a fairly large volume of trade, was approved for reviewed at the request of India and with ASEAN's approval in 2019 after 10 years of running. This then raises questions, why India only had submitted a review after 10 years of operation and what is India's motivation in this AIFTA. This research uses a qualitative approach methodology to analyze India's motivations and found that India has economic, leverage, interaction effect, and leadership motivation in AIFTA."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Destriana Safitria Dewi Sutikno
"Skripsi ini membahas tentang Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Impor Untuk Negara Tertentu Yang Menggunakan Surat Keterangan Asal Dalam Skema Free Trade Agreement di Kawasan Industri Pulogadung. Penelitian ini melihat proses implementasi kebijakan impor yang dilakukan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai dalam melaksanakan perjanjian perdagangan bebas dengan memberikan tarif preferensi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan impor dengan memberikan keringanan atau penghapusan tarif bea masuk melalui Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA) belum berjalan efektif dan efisien, karena masih banyak kendala-kendala yang dirasakan oleh importir selama proses kebijakan tarif preferensi dilaksanakan. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut penulis memberi saran kepada pihak Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai agar secepat mungkin dilakukan evaluasi secara menyeluruh atas skema Free Trade Agreement baik yang saat ini sudah berjalan, yang masih dalam tahap negosiasi ataupun potensi skema Free Trade Agreement yang masih dalam tahap pengkajian, untuk mengetahui benefit yang diperoleh, sekaligus menentukan sikap nasional ke depannya.

This final assignment discusses the Implementation Analysis of Import Policy for Certain Countries Using the Certificate of Origin in Free Trade Agreement Scheme in Industrial Estate Pulogadung. The research looked at the implementation of import policy conducted by the Directorate Customs and Excise in implementing free trade agreement by giving preferential tariff. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the import policy to provide relief or elimination of tariffs through the Certificate of Origin (CoO) has not run effectively and efficiently, because there are many constraints felt by importers during the preferential tariff policy implemented. From this research the author gives advice to the Directorate Customs and Excise in order as quickly as possible to comprehensively evaluate the scheme either Free Trade Agreement which is currently running, which is still in the stage of negotiation or of potential schemes Free Trade Agreement which is still in the assessment phase, to know the benefits obtained, as well as determine the national attitude to the future."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S45036
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Adrian Wail Akhlas
"Pada tahun 2015, Australia membentuk kebijakan China-Australia Free Trade Agreement untuk merealisasikan kerja sama bilateral dengan negara Cina. Di Australia, kebijakan China-Australia Free Trade Agreement merupakan program dari partai Koalisi (Liberal, Nasional, Liberal Nasional Queensland, dan Country Liberal) untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal. Terkait hal itu, partai Buruh sebagai oposisi menentang kebijakan tersebut karena potensi masuknya tenaga kerja asal Cina yang dapat mengganggu lapangan pekerjaan masyarakat lokal dan penyertaan ketentuan Investor-State Dispute Settlement. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai proses politik dalam pembentukan kebijakan China-Australia Free Trade Agreement yang dibentuk pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori formulasi kebijakan yang dikemukakan oleh Werner Jann dan Kai Wegrich dan teori kepentingan nasional yang dikemukakan oleh Daniel S. Papp. Berdasarkan temuan, kerja sama China-Australia Free Trade Agreement menghasilkan kebijakan bipartisan yang disetujui oleh partai Koalisi dan partai Buruh. Hal ini karena partai Koalisi memasukkan agenda partai Buruh mengenai regulasi perlindungan tenaga kerja. Sebagai timbal balik, partai Buruh menyetujui rancangan kebijakan China-Australia Free Trade Agreement. Temuan lain pada penelitian ini yakni kebijakan bipartisan tersebut didorong oleh adanya kepentingan nasional Australia dalam bidang ekonomi seperti untuk melakukan diversifikasi ekonomi, intensifikasi ekspor, dan menciptakan lapangan kerja.

In 2015, Australia formed the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement to obtain a bilateral agreement with China. In Australia, the China-Australia Free atrade Agreement is a program from coalision party (Liberal, National, Liberal National Queensland and Country Liberal Party) to increase the local economic growth. Hence, Labour Party as an opposition rejected the policy due to the potential of Chinese workers that might disrupt the job opportunities of local workforce and the conditions of Investor-State Dispute Settlement. This journal explores the political process in the formation of China-Australia Free Trade Agreement that was formed in 2015. This research uses the policy formulation theory adopted by Werner Jann and Kai Wegrich and the theory of national interests by Daniel S. Papp. The findings show that China-Australia Free Trade Agreements resulted in bipartisan policy which is approved by Coalision Party and Labour Party. It is because the Coalision Party has included the agenda of Labour Party regarding the protection of labour force regulation. On the other hand, Labour Party has approved the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement bill. It is also found that the bipartisan policy is driven by economic factors such as economic diversification, export intensification and creating more jobs opportunities.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Natalia Nadeak
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aspek dan faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan minyak sawit menjadi hambatan dalam negosiasi kerjasama I-EFTA CEPA serta menganalisa alasan kedua entitas tersebut mempertahankan kerjasama perdagangan ditengah persoalan isu sawit. Bagi Indonesia dan EFTA kerjsama ekonomi I-EFTA CEPA diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian serta mengurangi hambatan perdagangan. Namun pada prosesnya, kerjasama tersebut mengalami negosiasi yang panjang untuk mencapai kesepakatan dan belum mencapai ratifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif serta menggunakan teori Sekuritisasi dan konsep Fair Trade. Temuan penelitian ini ialah isu minyak sawit berhasil disekuritisasi oleh organisasi yang berpengaruh kepada kebijakan-kebijakan negara EFTA sebagai ancaman dan mempengaruhi negosiasi kerjasama perdagangan I-EFTA CEPA. Adapun isu-isu yang berhasil menjadi masalah adalah dampak minyak sawit terhadap berbagai isu yaitu, lingkungan, HAM, kesehatan, dan juga upaya perlindungan minyak nabati lokal. Sebagai implikasi proses tersebut, negara- negara EFTA membuat ketentuan syarat perdagangan yang ketat terkait perdagangan minyak sawit pada perjanjian perdagangan tersebut menggunakan konsep fair trade.

This study aims to identify what aspects and factors caused palm oil to become an obstacle in negotiating of I-EFTA CEPA cooperation and analyze the reasons for the two entities to maintain trade cooperation amidst the issue of palm oil. For Indonesia and EFTA, the I-EFTA CEPA economic cooperation is expected to improve the economy and reduce trade barriers. However, in the process, this cooperation has undergone a long negotiation to reach an agreement and has not yet reached ratification. This research uses qualitative methods and use securitization theory and the Fair Trade concept. The findings of this study are that the issue of palm oil has been successfully securitized by organizations that influence EFTA country."
Jakarta: Sekolah Kajian Stratejik dan Global Universitas Indonesia, 2021
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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