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"This essay explores gender issues in the contemporary application of Islamic law in the Muslim majority-states of northern Nigeria. Brief political background helps to explain the shari‘a codes enacted by the legislatures of the states, drawing largely from the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law. Women were among the first to be prosecuted and sentenced to death by stoning for the offence of zinā. To provide effective legal defense for the accused women, their lawyers and activists for women human rights had to argue in Islamic law before they could convince Shari‘a Courts of Appeal to overturn the sentences of death by stoning and set the women free. In the process, women activists learned a lot about the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law, where they discovered the rich flexibility of Islamic thought, and that has empowered them to articulate Islamic criticisms against gender bias in the recently enacted shari‘a codes."

"Lyudmila Petrushevskaya adalah salah seorang penulis perempuan yang mengangkat ketidakadilan gender di Uni Soviet pada karyanya. Permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah ketidakadilan gender yang terjadi di kehidupan di Uni Soviet dalam salah satu karyanya yaitu Novela yang berjudul Конфеты С Ликером/konfety s likerom/Permen dengan Alkohol yang dianalisis melalui kehidupan tokoh utamanya yaitu Lelya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis. Teori yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah tokoh dan penokohan, sosiologi sastra dan ketidakadilan gender. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ditemukannya dua bentuk ketidakadilan gender dalam novela ini yaitu kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan beban kerja yang dialami oleh tokoh Lelya sebagai tokoh utama.

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Lyudmila Petrushevskaya is one of the women writers who brought up gender inequality in the Soviet Union in her work. The problem that will be discussed in this research is the gender inequality that occurs in life in the Soviet Union in one of his works, Novela, entitled онфеты Ликером/konfety s likerom/Candy with Alcohol which is analyzed through the life of the main character, Lelya. The method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Theories used in this paper are characters and characterizations, sociology of literature and gender inequality. The results of this study indicate that there are two forms of gender inequality in this novel, namely domestic violence and the workload experienced by Lelya as the main character."

"Konsep tauhid dan penciptaan manusia dalam ajaran Islam mencerminkan konsep keadilan dan kesetaraan antar manusia, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Akan tetapi, nilai-nilai bias gender dan patriarki yang telah mengakar dalam budaya masyarakat memunculkan masalah ketidakadilan gender yang umumnya mendiskreditkan peran perempuan. Akhir-akhir ini muncul sebuah kasus yang viral di media sosial, yaitu praktik mentoring poligami berbayar oleh Coach Hafidin di Banten dan memunculkan banyak kritik dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha membahas kasus mentoring poligami tersebut melalui perspektif ketimpangan gender dan perspektif poligami itu sendiri dalam Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus dan teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka, kemudian dianalisis dengan teori ketimpangan gender yang mengemukakan lima bentuk ketimpangan gender, yaitu subordinasi, marginalisasi, stereotip, kekerasan, dan beban ganda. Praktik mentoring poligami Coach Hafidin merupakan salah satu isu yang dapat menjadi simbol kemunduran umat, karena di dalamnya berisi banyak ajaran yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam yang dicontohkan Rasulullah SAW. Praktik mentoring poligami ini juga telah melanggar batas-batas keadilan gender, karena memuat doktrin-doktrin yang melemahkan peran perempuan.

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The concept of monotheism and the creation of humans in Islamic teachings reflect the concept of justice and equality between humans, both men and women. However, the values of gender bias and patriarchy that have been rooted in society's culture have raised the issue of gender inequality which generally discredits women's roles. Recently, a case has emerged that has gone viral on social media, namely the practice of paid polygamy mentoring by Coach Hafidin in Banten and has sparked a lot of criticism from various parties. Therefore, this study aims­­­­­ to discuss the case of polygamy mentoring through the perspective of gender inequality and the perspective of polygamy itself in Islam. This research uses a qualitative case study approach and literature study data collection techniques, then analyzed with the theory of gender inequality which suggests five forms of gender inequality, namely subordination, marginalization, stereotypes, violence, and double burden. Coach Hafidin's polygamy mentoring practice is one of the issues that can become a symbol of the decline of the ummah, because it contains many teachings that are contrary to the teachings of Islam exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. The practice of mentoring polygamy has also violated the boundaries of gender justice, because it contains doctrines that weaken the role of women."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu negara yang menganut budaya patriarki adalah Indonesia. Dalam budaya patriarki, perempuan sering dianggap bergantung pada laki-laki dan memiliki kelas lebih rendah dalam status sosial budaya. Adat dan nilai-nilai budaya mengharuskan perempuan berada di wilayah domestik. Budaya patriarki dalam masyarakat Jawa membuat perempuan mengalami ketidakadilan gender berupa subordinasi dan stereotipe. Novel Kartini karya Abidah El Khalieqy merupakan salah satu novel yang menyoroti perjuangan perempuan demi hak dan kesetaraan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan subordinasi dan stereotipe yang dialami oleh perempuan dan upaya perempuan untuk mendapatkan posisi yang setara dengan laki-laki.

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ABSTRACTOne of the countries that adopted a patriarchal culture is Indonesia. In patriarchal culture, women are often being represented as the ones who always depend themselves on men and somehow, has a lower class in social and cultural status than men. The tradition and norms of Indonesian cultures requires women to take a role on domestic sector only. Patriarchal culture, specifically in Java, caused gender inequality towards women. Those type of gender inequality, often to be called gender bias, are subordination and stereotype. The novel called Kartini by Abidah El Khalieqy is one of the novel that focused on women rsquo s struggle and battles to achieve a more equal position, the same as men. This research is going to point out types of gender inequality gender bias that can be found in this novel such as subordination and stereotype that happened to women, also their efforts to achive an equal position, the same position as men."

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Penggunaan media film untuk merepresentasikan kota telah banyak digunakan seiring berjalannya waktu untuk memahami, membaca dan mempelajari kondisi kota dengan segala dinamika sosial yang silih berganti. Melalui media ini, menyampaikan sudut pandang seseorang dalam menjalani ruang kota menjadi penting karena merupakan refleksi dan komentar sosial terhadap isu-isu dan kondisi yang secara nyata terjadi pada sebuah kota. Isu perkotaan utama yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini merupakan isu gender terutama keterkaitannya dengan perempuan dalam kota, serta bagaimana ruang kota Jakarta sesungguhnya digunakan dan didefinisikan oleh masyarakatnya. Terdapat sebuah steriotip dan pembatasan penggunaan ruang kota yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui perspektif perempuan dalam menjalani dan mengalami ruang kota. Pengidentifikasian isu-isu tersebut dilakukan melalui representasi sinematik kota pada sebuah film. Skripsi ini secara dalam membahas 2 film berbeda yang keduanya bercerita mengenai perempuan & kota Jakarta, yakni; Eliana, Eliana (2002) dan Selamat Pagi, Malam (2014) untuk melihat dan membandingkan representasi kota Jakarta dalam film dengan realita, terutama yang berkaitan dengan isu gender dan penggunaan ruang kota.

 

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The use of film to represent a city has been widely used in urban studies to understand, read and study the condition of a city with all of its social dynamics that happened in urban society through out recent history. Through this media, conveying a point of view in living and experiencing urban space is important, as it is sometimes an actual reflection on issues and conditions that occur in the city. The main urban issues raised in this paper is gender issue, especially in relation with women in the city and how the urban space of Jakarta is occupied and defined. These issues are related to the stereotype and limitation on the use of urban space, and can be identified through the perspective of women living and experiencing urban space. Furthermore, cinematic representation of a city in film is used as a media to identify these issues. This thesis discusses 2 different films that both tells the story of women & the city of Jakarta, namely; Eliana, Eliana (2002) and Selamat Pagi, Malam (2014) to see and compare the representations of the city of Jakarta in films with reality, to see and compare representations of Jakarta city in films with reality, especially those relating to gender issues and the use of urban space.

 

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""The diversity of interpretation within Islamic legal traditions can be challenging for those working within this field of study. Using a distinctly contextual approach, this book addresses such challenges by combining theoretical perspectives on Islamic law with insight into how local understandings impact on the application of law in Muslim daily life. Engaging with topics as diverse as Islamic constitutionalism, Islamic finance, human rights and internet fatawa, Shaheen Sardar Ali provides an invaluable resource for scholars, students and practitioners alike by exploring exactly constitutes Islamic law in the contemporary world. Useful examples, case studies, a glossary of terms and the author's personal reflections accompany traditional academic critique, and together offer the reader a unique and discerning discussion of Islamic law in practice"--Back cover."

"Islamic Law in Past and Present, written by the lawyer and Islamicist Mathias Rohe, is the first comprehensive study for decades on Islamic law, legal theory, reform mechanisms and the application of Islamic law in Islamic countries and the Muslim diaspora. It provides information based on an abundance of Oriental and Western sources regarding family and inheritance law, contract and economic law, penal law, constitutional, administrative and international law. The present situation and law in action are highlighted particularly. This includes examples collected during field studies on the application of Islamic law in India, Canada and Germany."