Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"When their nineteen-month-old son, Miles, was diagnosed with autism, Karyn Seroussi, a writer, and her husband, a scientist, fought back with the only weapons at their disposal: love and research. Consulting medical papers, surfacing the Web, and networking with other parents, they traced the onset of their child's problems to an immune system breakdown that coincided with his vaccinations. As a result, his digestive system was unable to break down certain proteins, which in turn led to abnormal brain development. So Karyn and her husband got to work -- Karyn implementing their program at home while her husband tested his theories at the scientific lab where he worked.Unraveling the Mystery of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorder is an inspiring and suspenseful chronicle of how one couple empowered themselves to challenge the medical establishment that promised no hope -- and found a cure for their child.Here are the explanations and treatments they so carefully researched and discovered, a wealth of crucial tools and hands-on information that can help other parents reverse the effects of autism and PDD, including step-by-step instructions for the removal of dairy and gluten from the diet, special recipes, and an explanation of the roles of the key players in autism research."

"Anak yang mengalami Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise. Specified (PDD-NOS), memiliki hambatan dalam memberi respon terhadap stimulus joint attention dari orang lain (Rocha, Schreibman, & Stahmer, 2007). Padahal joint attention merupakan pivotal skills atau keterampilan yang dibutuhkan untuk berkembangnya kemampuan pada area lain (Jones & Carr, 2004). Lebih lanjut, orang tua dikatakan memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan joint attention response seorang anak (Schertz & Robb, 2006), Program intervensi dalam tugas akhir ini diberikan kepada I, anak laki-laki dengan PDD-NOS yang berusia 7 tahun 3 bulan. Tujuan dari program intervensi ini adalah untuk melatih keterampilan joint attention response I dengan ibu sebagai pelaksana intervensi. Metode yang digunakan adalah discrete trial training (DT'I`). Program imervensi ini dapat dikatakan efektif untuk melatih keterampilan joint attention response. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan I mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 3 dari 6 fase yang terdapat pada joint attention response training. Langkah yang jelas dan tersuuktur dalam DTT, pemberian social reinforce:-, meningkatnya stimulus dan orang tua, serta ketersediaan mainan yang bervariasi dilihat sebagai hal-hal yang mendukung dalam program intervensi. Di sisi lain, pilihan beberapa mainan, lokasi, retardasi mental ringan yang dialami I, serta usia I menjadi kendala dalam pelaksanaan program intervensi.

---

Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Speciiied (FDD-NOS), have deficits in responding to others’ joint attention bids (Rocha, Schreibman, & Stahmer, 2007). Whereas, joint attention is a pivotal skills needed for other areas development (Jones & Carr, 2004). Moreover, parents are said to have the key role in a child’s joint attention response development (Schertz & Robb, 2006). Intervention program in this final project is given to L 7 years old boy I, who diagnosed with PDD-NOS.

The purpose of this intervention program is to train l’s joint attention response skill implemented by his mom. Discrete trial training (DTT) is the method used for this intervention. This intervention program is effective to train joint attention response skill.

Result shows the increasing of 3 from 6 phases included in joint attention response training. Clear and structured steps of DTT, social reinforoer, increased in parent’s stimulus, availability of various toys considered as supportive factors for intervention program. On the other side, choices of several toys, location, mild mental retardation, and age of I became the hindrance factors of intervention program."

"ABSTRAKPervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) merupakan salah satu bentuk spektrum pada autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Layaknya anak autis lainnya, anak PDD-NOS sering mengalami pemusatan perhatian atau berkonsentrasi (Mangunsong, 2009). Individu autistik seringkali tidak bisa memusatkan perhatiannya dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya karena ia lebih asyik tenggelam dalam dunianya sendiri. Hal ini kan sangat mengganggu apabila anak tersebut sudah memasuki usia sekolah yang menuntut perhatian anak untuk fokus dalam mengikuti pelajaraan. Ada beberapa terapi yang sering digunakan untuk menangani anak autistik antara lain Metode Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) dengan teknik discrete trial training (DTT) yang bersifat home- based theraphy. Metode ABA tepat bagi anak yang mengalami PDD-NOS karena teknik ini memiliki tujuan sederhana, dan menggunakan proses pengajaran yang terstruktur, terarah, serta terukur. Program intervensi ini dilakukan oleh orangtua untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi anak dalam kegiatan menulis dengan menggunakan teknik DTT. Keterlibatan orangtua dalam melakukan intervensi memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap keberhasilan program. Kesimpulan program intevensi adalah adanya peningkatan pemahaman pada ibu dalam menggunakan teknik DTT untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi subyek dalam aktivitas menulisnya. Hal ini berdampak pada adanya peningkatan konsentrasi pada subyek pada aktivitas menulisnya.

---

ABSTRACTPervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) is kind of spectrum on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Like an autistic child, children with PDD-NOS also have a problem with paying attention or concentrate with their activity (Mangunsong, 2009). Individu with PDD-NOS usually have problem with focusing their attention to finishing their task because they are drowning on their world. It will be disturbing when the child entire schoolage which is need to be focus on their lesson. There are some treatment for PDD-NOS child e.g. ABA method. Discrete trial training is one of ABA technique. This method is home- based theraphy. This methode effectively for a child with PDD-NOS because it is a simple method, have a structural program and measurable. This program is held by parent to improve concentration her child with PDD-NOS on writing activity with DTT technique. Parent involvement give the significant effect with the program. Overall conclusion is there an improvement in parent comprehension with DTT technique to improve concentration her child in writing task. The side effect on parent improvement is subject getting focus on writing task through DTT technique."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efektivitas dari penerapan strategi structured learning untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan menampilkan posisi tubuh yang pantas saat melakukan percakapan pada A, seorang remaja laki-laki berusia 14 tahun 4 bulan dengan gangguan pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Strategi structured learning ini mengacu pada program yang dikembangkan oleh Baker (2004) untuk melatih ketrampilan sosial pada anak dengan gangguan pervasive developmental disorder. Strategi structured learning terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu psikoedukasi, modeling, roleplay, dan latihan pada setting natural. Keempat tahapan tersebut berfungsi untuk menanggulangi kesulitan-kesulitan anak atau remaja dengan gangguan pervasive developmental disorder, seperti kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai norma sosial dan keterampilan sosial dalam situasi sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pada ketrampilan menampilkan posisi tubuh yang pantas saat melakukan percakapan pada A. Peningkatan ketrampilan tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan pada durasi mempertahankan kontak mata dan penurunan frekuensi berjalan-jalan saat sedang melakukan percakapan.

---

The aim of this research is to see how effective structured learning strategy are to increase appropriate body positioning skills during conversations for A; 14 year 4 months old adolescent with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified. These structured learning strategy refer to programs developed by Baker (2004) to train social skills for children with pervasive developmental disorder. Structured Learning strategy consist of four stages; psychoeducation, modelling, roleplay, and practice in natural settings. These four stages are designed to tackle the difficulties children or adolescent with pervasive developmental disorder, such as the lack of understanding of social norms and social skills in day to day life. The result of this research shows increase in social skills, specifically appropriate body positioning skills during conversations for adolescent with PDD-NOS. The increase in the aforementioned skills are evident through the increase of eye conact duration and the decrease in frequency of restless walking during conversations."

"Gangguan Perkembangan Pervasif (GPP) merupakan suatu kelompok gangguan perkembangan yang ditandai dengan gangguan kualitatif interaksi sosial, komunikasi, pola perilaku repetitif, dan stereotipik. Prevalensi GPP dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Berbagai faktor diduga berkaitan dengan GPP termasuk faktor risiko terkait kelahiran bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan faktor risiko terkait kelahiran bayi terhadap GPP. Penelitian ini berdesain kasus kontrol dengan melibatkan 52 anak dengan GPP (44 laki-laki, 8 perempuan, umur rata-rata 7,3 tahun) dan 156 anak tanpa GPP (132 laki-laki, 24 perempuan, umur rata-rata 7,3 tahun). Faktor risiko terkait kelahiran meliputi riwayat BBLR, panjang badan lahir pendek, lingkar kepala kecil, asfiksia, penggunaan alat bantu napas, infeksi kongenital, kelainan kongenital, hiperbilirubinemia, dan nilai APGAR rendah. Data diperoleh dari wawancara terhadap ibu kandung dan rekam medik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asfiksia (OR = 3,31; 95% CI 1,103 – 9,941; p = 0,048) dan penggunaan alat bantu napas saat lahir (OR = 3,31; 95% CI 1,103 – 9,941; p = 0,048) merupakan faktor risiko yang berperan terhadap GPP. Riwayat BBLR, panjang badan lahir pendek, lingkar kepala kecil, infeksi kongenital, kelainan kongenital, hiperbilirubinemia, dan nilai APGAR rendah tidak berperan terhadap GPP. Disimpulkan bahwa asfiksia dan penggunaan alat bantu napas berperan penting sebagai faktor risiko GPP.

---

Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) is a group of developmental disorder that is characterized by social interaction impairment and communication impairment along with repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Prevalence of PDD is increasing every year. Many factors are suspected to have correlation with PDD including neonatal risk factors. The purpose of this study is to discover the role of neonatal risk facors in PDD. This case-control study includes 52 children diagnosed with PDD (44 males, 8 females, mean age 7.3 years) and 156 normal developing children (132 males, 24 females, mean age 7.3 years). The neonatal risk factors include low birth weight, low birth height, small head circumference, asphyxia, assisted ventilation, congenital infection, congenital malformation, hiperbilirubinemia, and low APGAR score. Historical data was obtained from their mothers and medical record. The results show that asphyxia (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.103 – 9.941; p = 0.048) and assisted ventilation (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.103 – 9.941; p = 0.048) had a role in PDD. Meanwhile low birth weight, low birth height, small head circumference, congenital infection, congenital malformation, hiperbilirubinemia, and low APGAR score didn’t have a role in PDD. In conclusion, asphyxia and assisted ventilation are important risk factors of PDD."