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"Drama Korea merupakan salah satu media hiburan yang kerap kali mengangkat isu-isu sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat Korea Selatan sebagai bagian dari narasi cerita. Kekerasan Berbasis Gender (KBG) menjadi permasalahan yang serius di Korea Selatan sehingga kerap diangkat dalam drama Korea. Salah satu drama yang mengangkat isu tersebut adalah Mask Girl dengan karakter bernama Mo-mi yang mengalami kekerasan berbasis gender. Tindak kekerasan berbasis gender yang dialami oleh Mo-mi menimbulkan perubahan perilaku pada dirinya menjadi agresif dan amoral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perlawanan perempuan terhadap kekerasan berbasis gender melalui perubahan respons Mo-mi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan gothic feminism oleh Diane Hoeveler. Sumber data penelitian berupa potongan adegan dan dialog pada beberapa episode yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk kekerasan berbasis gender yang dialami oleh Mo mi adalah negative lookism, kekerasan psikologis, stereotip, dan kekerasan seksual. Respons yang dilakukan oleh Mo-mi terhadap kekerasan berbasis gender yang ia alami adalah internalisasi dan perlawanan agresif.

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Korean dramas are one type of entertainment that often bring social issues that occur in South Korean society as part of its story narrative. Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a serious problem in South Korea so it is often brought up in Korean dramas. One of the dramas that brought up this issue is Mask Girl with a character named Mo-mi that has experienced gender-based violence. From all of those gender-based violence Mo-mi had experienced, her behavior turned aggressive and immoral. This study aims to explain women’s resistance to gender-based violence through changes in Mo-mi’s response. The research method used is descriptive qualitative along with a gothic feminism approach by Diane Hoeveler. The data source of this research is in the form of cuts of scenes and dialogue in several episodes that are relevant to this study. The research results show that the forms of gender-based violence Mo-mi’s had experienced are negative lookism, psychological violence, stereotypes, and sexual violence. Mo-mi's response to the violence she experienced was internalization and aggressive resistance."

"Isu mengenai gender merupakan salah satu bentuk keanekaragaman fenomena sosial yang cukup sensitif di kalangan masyarakat. Setiap individu memiliki kebebasan dalam memilih peran gendernya masing-masing. Akan tetapi, akibat adanya paham dan nilai-nilai masyarakat patriarki yang mengkategorikan peran gender telah memunculkan pakem tertentu tentang peran gender perempuan dan laki-laki. Seiring berjalannya waktu mulai terjadi perubahan peran gender tradisional dalam masyarakat Korea. Representasi dari peran gender perempuan salah satunya tercermin dalam drama berjudul My Mister. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran gender perempuan yang direpresentasikan melalui tiga tokoh perempuan dalam drama My Mister, dengan melihat narasi visual dan oral yang disajikan melalui gambar dan dialog antar tokoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran gender perempuan dalam drama My Mister terbagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu perempuan dalam sektor publik, perempuan dalam sektor domestik, dan maskulinitas perempuan dalam melawan kekerasan yang membuktikan adanya perubahan peran gender perempuan yang cukup signifikan dengan berubahnya stereotipe perempuan dalam peran gender tradisional.

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The issue of gender is one form of the diversity of social phenomena that is quite sensitive in the community. Each individual has the freedom to choose their respective gender roles. However, due to the understanding and values of patriarchal society that categorize gender roles, it has given rise to certain standards regarding the gender roles of women and men. Over time, the traditional gender roles in Korean society began to change. The representation of women's gender roles is reflected in a drama called My Mister. This study analyzes the gender roles of women represented through three female characters in the drama My Mister, by looking at the visual and oral narratives presented through pictures and dialogues between characters. The results of the study show that the gender role of women in the drama My Mister is divided into three categories, namely women in the public sector, women in the domestic sector, and women's masculinity in fighting violence which proves that there is a significant change in women's gender roles with the changing stereotypes of women in traditional gender roles."

"Kekerasan berbasis gender telah diakui sebagai penyalahgunaan hak asasi manusia, dengan perempuan dan anak perempuan sering menjadi korban. Menggabungkan teori agensi Kabeer dan konsep resistensi Crann dan Barata, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang agencyperempuan dan strategi mereka melawan kekerasan dalam konteks film Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Melalui analisis tekstual dari narasi, adegan, karakter, dan dialog dalam percakapan dengan konsep agency perempuan dan perlawanan, penelitian ini berusaha untuk menantang pemahaman konvensional tentang perempuan yang mengalami kekerasan berbasis gender yang seringkali dipandang sebagai korban pasif. Penulis berpendapat bahwa agensi perempuan dalam kedua film tersebut sangat penting dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk memerangi penindasan. agency mereka mencakup pasif seperti polos dan mematuhi pelaku dan respon aktif, seperti memutuskan pendekatan terbaik untuk keadaan tertentu sebagai strategi mereka. Selain itu, analisis menemukan bahwa agency bisa mengubah perempuan dari korban menjadi penyintas dengan mengaktifkan dan melatihnya untuk memerangi kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada studi tentang kesetaraan gender dalam film.

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Gender-based violence has been recognized as an abuse of fundamental human rights, with women and girls frequently being the victims. Incorporating Kabeer's theory of agency and Crann and Barata's resistance concept, this research examines female agency and their strategies for fighting violence in the context of the movies, namely Believe Me: The Abduction of Lisa McVey (2018) and Citation (2020). Through a textual analysis of the narratives, scenes, characters, and dialogue in conversation with the concept of female agency and resistance, this study seeks to challenge the conventional understanding of women and girls who encounter gender-based violence that are often viewed as passive victims. The author argues that the female agency in both films is crucial in developing the strategy to combat oppression. Their agency encompasses both passive as innocent and obeying perpetrators and active response, such as deciding on the best approach for particular circumstances as their strategies. In addition, the analysis found that female agency can transform women from victims to survivors by activating and exercising it to combat violence against women. This research contributes to the study of gender equality in movies."

"Aplikasi Bumble sebagai aplikasi kencan feminis dilengkapi dengan beberapa fitur perlindungan, namun normalisasi KBGO, manipulasi identitas, dan perbedaan motivasi pengguna masih menyuburkan KBGO pada perempuan. Studi-studi sebelumnya hanya memberikan pembahasan sampai pada topik mengenai bentuk- bentuk tindakan kekerasan yang mungkin terjadi di aplikasi kencan, namun penelitian ini turut membahas agensi perempuan dalam meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Peneliti berargumen bahwa subjektivitas agensi, diwujudkan dalam tindakan- tindakan yang dilakukan perempuan sebagai bentuk meresponi KBGO yang dialami. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi digital. Informan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 6 orang perempuan yang sedang dan/atau pernah menggunakan aplikasi Bumble; berusia 22 hingga 27 tahun; dan pernah mengalami KBGO yang terjadi di Bumble maupun aplikasi lain yang difasilitasi oleh Bumble. Temuan dalam penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan menunjukkan agensi dalam berbagai tindakan untuk merespon KBGO yang terjadi, baik yang dilakukan secara publik maupun privat. Sherry Ortner mengungkap bahwa agensi perempuan didasari oleh subjektivitas yang berada dalam konteks formasi sosial dan budaya. Agensi perempuan tidak hanya berfokus pada perlawanan yang dilakukan, namun juga tentang bagaimana perempuan membuat dan mencari makna. Tentang apa yang dirasakan, dipikirkan, dan bagaimana perempuan meresponi kondisi KBGO yang menimpanya.

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The Bumble application as a feminist dating application is equipped with several protective features, but the normalization of KBGO, identity manipulation, and differences in user motivation still feed KBGO among women. Previous studies only provide discussion on the topic of forms of violent acts that may occur on dating applications, but this research also discusses women's agency in responding to the KBGO they experience. Researchers argue that agency subjectivity is manifested in the actions carried out by women as a form of responding to the KBGO they experience. Data collection was carried out using an in-depth interview process and direct observation on the Bumble application. The informants in this study were 6 women who currently and/or have used the Bumble application; aged 22 to 27 years; and have experienced KBGO that occurs on Bumble or other applications facilitated by Bumble. The findings in the research show that women show agency in various actions to respond to KBGO that occurs, whether carried out publicly or privately. Sherry Ortner reveals that women's agency is based on subjectivity which is in the context of social and cultural formations. Women's agency does not only focus on the resistance carried out, but also on how women make and search for meaning. About what women feel, think, and how they respond to the KBGO conditions that befall them."

"Feminine-gay man dalam masyarakat heteropatriarkal distigma sebagai penyimpang, abnormal, dan pendosa karena mereka melawan kodrat ‘kelaki-lakian’. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa patriarki tidak hanya menempatkan perempuan pada posisi subordinat, melainkan juga feminine-gay man. Skripsi ini menggunakan perspektif queer criminology dengan narrative analysis untuk menganalisis pengalaman kekerasan yang dialami oleh feminine-gay man melalui kisah yang mereka tuturkan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa patriarki merupakan akar dari kekerasan terhadap feminine-gay man melalui hegemonic masculinity. Kekerasan ini dapat terjadi sebab anggapan bahwa mereka telah melakukan penolakan terhadap konstruksi maskulinitas. Kekerasan terhadap feminine-gay man merupakan kekerasan berbasis gender. Dalam hal ini, feminine-gay man menjadi korban yang mengalami derita dan kerugian sebab identitas gender dan seksual mereka yang berbeda dengan masyarakat heteronormatif. Kekerasan terhadap feminine-gay man memengaruhi setiap individu dengan membatasi kebebasan dan kedaulatan atas identitas gender dan seksualitas mereka. Dengan demikian, konstruksi gender dan seksualitas telah dijadikan sebagai alat untuk melanggengkan eksistensi patriarki melalui kekerasan berbasis gender.

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Feminine-gay man in heteropatriarchal society are stigmatized as deviant, abnormal, and sinner because they do resistant the nature of ‘maleness’. This thesis aims to explain that patriarchy does not only place women in a subordinate position, but also feminine-gay man. This thesis applies a queer criminology perspective with narrative analysis to analyze the experience of violence experienced by the feminine-gay man. The results of data analysis show that patriarchy is the root of violence against feminine-gay man through hegemonic masculinity. This violence can occur because of the assumption that they have rejected the construction of masculinity. Violence against feminine-gay man is gender-based violence. In this context, the feminine-gay man becomes the victim who suffers and loses because of their gender and sexual identity which is different from the heteronormative society. Violence against feminine-gay man affects individuals by limiting their freedom and sovereignty over their gender and sexual identity. Thus, the construction of gender and sexuality has been used as a tool to perpetuate the existence of patriarchy through gender-based violence."

"Ketidakadilan gender yang terjadi pada wanita di Korea Selatan tak terlepas dari budaya patriarki dan hal itu membuat munculnya film, novel, maupun web drama yang mengangkat isu tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana bentuk representasi ketidakadilan gender terhadap wanita di dalam web drama Jom Yeminhaedo Gwaenchana 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa representasi ketidakadilan gender terhadap wanita dalam web drama  Jom Yeminhaedo Gwaenchana 2 lebih dominan terlihat pada tanda verbal berupa kalimat yang menyatakan kekerasan, marginalisasi, subordinasi, beban kerja dan stereotip dalam dialog tokoh. Sementara itu, tanda non-verbal yang menyatakan ketidakadilan  gender terhadap wanita dapat dilihat dari ekspresi wajah tokoh, tindakan tokoh, teks tertulis, gestur, gambar dalam adegan dan latar tempat pada adegan.

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The cause of gender inequality against women in South Korea cannot be separated from the patriarchal culture and it has raised films, novels, and web-dramas which concern about that. This research aims to explain how the form of representation of gender inequality against women as seen in the web-drama titled Jom Yeminhaedo Gwaenchana 2 is. This research uses a descriptive analysis method and Roland Barthes`s semiotics analysis. The result of this research shows that the representation of gender inequality against women in the web-drama is dominantly seen in verbal signs or sentences in dialogue which contain violence, marginalization, subordination, workload, and stereotypes. On the other side, the non-verbal signs which reflect gender inequality against women can be seen through facial expression, behavior, written texts, gesture, pictures, and setting of the scenes."

"Sextortion adalah pemerasan yang dilakukan melalui jaringan komputer dan melibatkan beberapa ancaman untuk melepaskan gambar korban yang eksplisit secara seksual. Kejahatan ini merupakan kejahatan teknologi berbasis gender baru yang masih kurang diteliti di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran relasi gender dalam viktimisasi sextortion terhadap perempuan melalui pengalaman empat narasumber, yaitu AY, AP, I, dan WNS dengan menggunakan feminist radical theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendengar pengalaman para narasumber secara mendalam. Berdasarkan pengalaman para narasumber, diketahui bahwa relasi gender sangat berpengaruh dalam pembangunan nilai-nilai maskulinitas agresif dan budaya patriarkis. Hal ini dengan melihat aspek kontrol dan kekuasaan, perilaku seksisme, dan objektifikasi tubuh perempuan, dari pengalaman para narasumber. Penelitian ini juga melihat pengaruh online misogini terhadap kekerasan terhadap perempuan, serta melihat kontinum kekerasan seksual yang meliputi perilaku sextortion.

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Sextortion is a type of extortion carried out through a computer network and involves threats to release sexually explicit images of the victim. This crime is a new gender-based technology crime that is still under-researched in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to look at the role of gender relations in the victimization of sextortion against women through the experiences of four informants, namely AY, AP, I, and WNS using a feminist radical theory. This study uses qualitative methods to know more about the experiences of the informants deeply. Based on the experiences of the informants, it is known that gender relations are very influential in the development of aggressive masculinity values and patriarchal culture. This is done by looking at the aspects of control and power, sexist behavior, and the objectification of women's bodies, from the experiences of the informants. This research also looks at the influence of online misogyny on violence against women, and looks at the continuum of sexual violence which includes sextortion behavior."

"This book presents new research on gender-based violence in Southeast Asia, bringing together varied scholarly work in law, policy, and practice. It enables a greater understanding of violence against women as an international concern, highlighting particular issues that arise in the region. Against a background of international obligations to ensure women's rights through laws and policies that are geared at ending violence against women and girls, this research documents the state failures, individual shame and fear, and societal culture that collectively affects the reporting, investigation, prosecution of perpetrators, and protection of victims. The research explores differing legal mechanisms both internationally, and within nation states, relating to cases of physical and sexual violence. It recognizes the need for functioning mechanisms to ensure women can report their cases safely and be provided with protective and therapeutic services in a way that is systematic, effective, and measurable. Laws and court decisions are analyzed, crisis and safety centers are examined, and in-depth interviews are conducted with actors and NGOs with relevant roles and functions in the mechanism of cases of violence against women. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the incalculable harm it does within Southeast Asian society, and the obstacles it presents for law enforcement. The chapters uncover mechanisms with unique characteristics across Southeast Asia, providing a nuanced understanding of the cultural and social backgrounds, as well as the religious structures, that can both help and hinder suitable frameworks. It is relevant to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners in law, criminology, and gender sociology.“This is a valuable contribution towards empowering the women of South East Asia out of victimhood to valued equality, involvement in governance and leadership through the elimination of violence and discrimination and an excellent resource not just for those working in this field but for those involved in law making, the media and the people of South East Asia.”- Professor Felicity Gerry QC, Barrister at Crockett Chambers Melbourne and Libertas Chambers, London, and Professor of Legal Practice at Deakin University and Honorary Professor at Salford University."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekerasan berbasis gender (KBG) sangat mungkin terjadi di dunia maya dan terus merajalela semenjak dunia dilanda pandemi COVID-19. Dalam menelisik peran hukum sebagai tameng pelindung atas korban kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO), penelitian ini menggunakan kasus GA yang ditetapkan sebagai tersangka atas konten pornografi sebagai entry point analisis. Penelitian ini juga ingin menunjukkan bahwa praktik KBGO seringkali menyasar perempuan yang digambarkan dengan posisi GA selaku figur publik dan menjadi sasaran ‘empuk’ dari praktik KBGO yang diperkeruh dengan penghakiman masyarakat. Analisis ini ingin menunjukkan terdapat korelasi dari kentalnya budaya patriarkis dan ketidakpahaman masyarakat Indonesia mengenai konsep persetujuan senantiasa melahirkan posisi timpang pada perempuan dan akan terus melanggenggkan budaya victim-blaming pada korban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelaah serangkaian instrumen hukum, penerapannya oleh aparat penegak hukum lewat hasil putusan pengadilan, reaksi masyarakat lewat pemberitaan media massa terkait kasus, dan juga wawancara langsung kepada KBGO yang melapor lewat LBH APIK serta pendampingnya. Peneliti juga menggunakan feminist legal method demi menjawab permasalahan berdasarkan pengalaman perempuan sebagai korban untuk mendorong penyusunan payung hukum dan sistem hukum yang lebih berperspektif korban, sehingga nantinya, tidak adalagi perempuan korban yang disalahkan seperti apa yang dialami GA dalam kasusnya.

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This study aims to explain how gender-based violence (GBV) is very likely to occur in cyberspace and continues to run rampant since the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In examining the role of the law as a protective shield for victims of gender-based violence online (GBVO), this study uses the case of GA who is designated as a suspect for pornographic content as an entry point for analysis. This study also wants to show that GBVO practices often target women who are described as GA's position as a woman public figure and become 'easy' target of GBVO practices that are clouded by community judgment. This analysis shows that there is a correlation between the strong patriarchal culture and the Indonesian people's lack of understanding regarding the approval of the birth of an unequal position in women and will continue to perpetuate the victim-blaming culture of victims. This research was conducted by examining legal instruments, their application by law enforcement officers through court results, public reactions through mass media reports related to cases, and also direct interviews with the victims of GBVO who reported to LBH APIK. The researcher also uses the feminist legal method to answer questions based on the experience of women as victims to encourage the formulation of a legal basis and legal system that is more victim-oriented, so that in the future, there will be no more female victims who are blamed as experienced by GA in her case."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan perbedaan representasi perempuan dalam drama Followers (2020) yang diproduksi oleh saluran streaming content Netflix dengan bagaimana perempuan umumnya direpresentasikan dalam drama yang diproduksi oleh televisi luring. Penulis menggunakan teori representasi Stuart Hall (1997) sebagai konsep dasar dan teori gender Oakley (1972) serta konsep stereotip gender mengenai maskulinitas dan femininitas Mary E. Kite dalam Worell (2001) dengan metode analisis teks. Dari hasil analisis, ditemukan tokoh perempuan yang berusaha untuk mendobrak batasan gender dan representasi perempuan yang belum pernah muncul sebelumnya dalam drama Jepang yaitu perempuan yang ingin memiliki anak tanpa pernikahan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh Netflix sebagai ruang yang memungkinkan untuk menggambarkan representasi perempuan yang lebih beragam dan tidak terikat dengan norma patriarki. Drama Followers dapat dilihat sebagai refleksi terhadap masyarakat Jepang dewasa ini dengan meningkatnya perempuan yang keluar dari stereotip perempuan Jepang dan mendobrak norma patriarki yang tertanam dalam masyarakat Jepang.

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This study aims to find differences from how women are represented in the drama Followers (2020) which was produced by Netflix, compared to the general idea of women represented in Japanese dramas produced by mainstream television. The writer uses the representation theory from Stuart Hall (1997) as the basic concept and gender theory from Oakley (1972) as well as the stereotypical concept of the nature and role of gender by Mary E. Kite in Worell (2001) with text analysis methods. The results showed that Followers featured strong female characters who tried to break the restriction on gender and also portrays a variety of women who have never been featured in Japanese dramas such as women who want to have a child without getting married. This is possible because Netflix creates a room that enables a diversity of women representation and gives them means to break from the patriarchal norms. The drama Followers can be seen as a reflection of current Japanese society with an increasing number of women who are trying to break the stereotype and the patriarchal system of Japan."