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"This cross sectional study was conducted on 304 elderly, aged 55 years and over, who were randomly selected at the Public Health Center levels in South Jakarta. The prevalence of CHD risk factors for the total population indicated by dyslipidemia and abdominal over fatness in this study were high (76% and 48°1o, respectively). Differences between gender were found with respect to body fat distribution as determinant of serum lipid profiles. In the elderly women, AHR were positively correlated with serum triglycerides and total cholesterol (p<0.05) but not in the elderly men. Energy, fat and cholesterol intakes did not show correlation with any serum lipid status in this population group. Energy intake of the elderly was low. Percent energy from fat and cholesterol intake were in accordance with the Indonesian Consensus of Dyslipidemia and NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). Generally, the elderly men and women had similar scores for several aspects of later life status. However cognitive function, well being, and later life status in the elderly men were higher than those in the elderly women. It was demonstrated that there was a significant negative association between physical activity score and selected serum lipid profiles (TC and TG), especially in the elderly women. Similar findings were also observed for social activity scores. No associations were found between alcohol consumption and serum lipid profiles in this study. On the other hand, smoking which was prevalent in the elderly men contributed to the elevation of serum triglycerides concentration. "

"TB is still major problem even though number of TB cases had been decline steadily due to discovery and continuing research of TB drugs since 1940 and also increasing of funding and attention to global TB problem. Indonesia is the third country in descending order of TB case numbers. It is considered as the third main cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this country. Several years ago, East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest incidence of sputum smear positive compared with other provinces in Indonesia. TB creates certain burdens in the community, initially in health and nutrition aspect, and then followed by other human aspects including economy and social. It is, therefore, eradicating TB in an effective and efficient way becomes a very emerging issue on TB treatment strategy. Since TB is an immune-related disease, hence, enhancing the immune system might be considered as an important strategy to be considered on TB treatment. Zinc, vitamin A and a new discovered protein, leptin, take a part on that issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with a main objective of investigating the relationship between nutritional and leptin status of new diagnosed pulmonary TB disease with the disease severity in selected districts of East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, literature review, problem statement and rationale, objective, hypotheses, conceptual framework and variable indicator matrix. Part 2 wraps up the manuscript for publication, entitled "Micronutrients and Leptin status Are Associated with the Radiological Features Among New Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." It is written and formatted based on author's guideline of the Journal of Nutrition. Part 3 covers the supporting documents including detailed methodology and other result, author's guideline of the journal, questionnaire, ethical approval, informed consent, official permit letter, references and curriculum vitae. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge about the severity of TB that reflects the specific profile of nutritional status (body fat, BMI, MUAC and micronutrient status) and plasma leptin. Furthermore, it will serve as reference data for further investigations, better interventions and treatments on active pulmonary TB patients."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh parameter komposisi tubuh yang dapat mendeteksi kecenderungan terjadinya MEP pada penderita PGK-ND. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan potong lintang. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 45 pasien PGK-ND dan 45 subyek sehat yang disepadankan jenis kelamin, usia, tinggi badan (TB) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Status nutrisi dikelompokkan dalam status nutrisi kurang, normal dan lebih berdasarkan IMT, WHO, 1995. Secara antropometri massa bebas lemak (MBL), indeks-MBL (I-MBL), massa lemak (ML) dan persen ML pasien PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna dengan subyek sehat. Berdasarkan BIA didapatkan MBL, dan I-MBL pasien PGK-ND lebih rendah bermakna dibandingkan subyek sehat (p < 0,05). Massa bebas lemak (MBL), I-MBL dan ML pasien PGK-ND berbeda bermakna antara ketiga status nutrisi (p < 0,001). Nilai MBL, I-MBL dan ML mempunyai linearitas dengan klasifikasi status nutrisi berdasarkan uji trend analysis. Massa bebas lemak, I-MBL, ML dan persen ML PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna di antara ketiga stadium PGK.Terdapat derajat kesesuaian yang baik antara I-MBL dengan IMT untuk penilaian status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND. Dengan uji Receiver Operating Curve didapatkan titik potong I-MBL sebesar 14,23 kg/m2 untuk membedakan status nutrisi kurang dan baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indeks MBL dapat membedakan derajat status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND dan mempunyai korelasi dengan IMT. Indeks-MBL dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor untuk skrining status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to obtain body composition parameters for early detection of PEM in non dialysis CKD (ND-CKD) patients. The study was carried out using the cross sectional design. The subjects of the study consist of 45 ND-CKD patients and 45 healthy subjects matched for age, gender, height and body mass index (BMI). The nutritional status of patients and healthy subjects were classified based on BMI (WHO, 1995) into low, normal and high nutritional status groups. Fat free mass (FFM), FFM-index (FFM-I) and percentage of fat mass (FM percentage) in patients measured by anthropometric technique showed no significant difference with healthy subjects. Using the BIA method, FFM and FFM-I were significantly lower in the ND-CKD patients compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0,05). Significant difference in FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage was observed between the patients with different nutritional status. (p < 0,001). Trend analysis statistical test showed that there is linear correlation of FFM, FFM-I and FM with nutritional status classification. FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage in ND-CKD patients were not significantly different between the three stages of CKD. There was an acceptable degree of agreement between BMI with FFM-I for nutritional assessment in ND-CKD patients. The Receiver Operating Curve test showed the cut off points of FFM-I 14.23 kg/m2 to differentiate undernutrition and normal nutritional status in ND-CKD patients. This study showed FFM-I has good correlation with BMI and can be used to differentiate degrees of nutritional status in stage 3, 4 and 5 ND-CKD patients. FFM-I considered predictor parameters for nutritional status screening in ND-CKD patients. "

"Anak malnutrisi membutuhkan adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan metabolisme tubuh. Aplikasi Roy bertujuan meningkatkan adaptasi sehingga energi dan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan anak dapat terpenuhi. Masalah ketidakseimbangan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh ditemukan pada 5 kasus kelolaan. Intervensi difokuskan pada peningkatkan kemampuan adaptasi pasien dengan aktivitas meliputi monitor asupan nutrisi, motivasi untuk meningkatkan asupan nutrisi, dan monitor Berat Badan BB . Evaluasi adaptif pada 2 kasus meliputi peningkatan BB dan kekuatan otot, peningkatan albumin dan hemoglobin. Evaluasi inefektif pada 3 kasus karena beratnya penyakit penyerta. Pertimbangan terhadap adanya penyakit penyerta yang akan mengakibatkan evaluasi inefektif maka Model Adaptasi Roy dapat secara efektif dapat diterapkan pada anak malnutrisi.

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Malnourished children need adaptation to fulfill the needs of the body rsquo s metabolism. Roy applications aimed at improving adaptation to energy and nutrients child needs can be met. Nutritional imbalance problems less than body requirements found in 5 cases under management. Interventions focused on increasing the adaptability of patients with activity monitor nutrition intake, the motivation to improve the nutrition, weight monitor. Evaluation of adaptive on 2 cases weight gain and muscle strength, increased albumin and hemoglobin. Evaluation ineffective in 3 cases, because of the severity of comorbidities. Roy Adaptation Model can be applied to malnourished children by considering the comorbidities that would result in ineffective evaluation.Keywords imbalance nutrition, malnutrition, Roy adaptation model."

"Latar belakang: Kekurangan gizi merupakan penyebab umum morbiditas pada anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Data dari negara berkembang memperlihatkan prevalensi malnutrisi penderita dengan PJB sebelum dioperasi mencapai 45%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil anhropometrik dan prevalensi kekurangan gizi pada anak dengan PJB dengan melakukan pengukuran anthropometrik.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan rancang bangun cross sectional pada anak berusia 0-2 tahun dengan PJB di RSCM. Pengukuran antropometri (berat badan, panjang badan, lingkar kepala) dilakukan pada seluruh pasien. Kekurangan gizi, failure to thrive/FTT, perawakan pendek, mikrosefali dinilai dengan menggunakan rekomendasi WHO tahun 2006, berupa perhitungan z-skor BB/PB, BB/U di 2 titik, PB/U dan LK/U < -2 SD.Hasil: Total subyek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 95 orang, 73 orang dengan asianotik dan 22 orang dengan PJB sianotik. Prevalensi kekurangan gizi sebesar 51,1% dengan 22,3% diantaranya adalah gizi buruk. FTT terdapat pada 64,9%, perawakan pendek pada 49,5% dan mikrosefali pada 37% pasien. FTT ditemukan lebih banyak pada pasien dengan lesi asianotik (72,2%) dibandingkan dengan lesi sianotik (42,9). Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan (72,2% dengan 49,3%). Pasien dengan lesi sianotik, berat dan panjang badan akan dipengaruhi secara seimbang (42,9% dengan 54.5%). Konsultasi diet diberikan kepada pasien dengan kekurangan gizi. Terapi obat-obatan, intervensi transkateter atau bedah diindikasikan pada pasien tertentu.Kesimpulan: Prevalensi FTT lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kekurangan gizi pada anak dengan kelainan jantung kongenital. FTT ditemukan lebih banyak pada pasien dengan lesi asianotik. Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan. Pada lesi asianotik, berat badan lebih dipengaruhi daripada panjang badan.

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AbstractBackground: Undernutrition is a common cause of morbidity in children with CHD. Previous data from developing country showed prevalence of preoperative undernutrition in children with CHD was up to 45%. The aim of this study are to determine the anthropometric profi les and prevalence of undernutrition in children with CHD by using the anthropometric measurement.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-2 years old with CHD in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. All patients underwent an anthropometric evaluation (weight, length and head circumference) at presentation. Undernutrition, failure to thrive /FTT, short stature and microcephaly were determined according to WHO, weight-forlength, weight-for-age at 2 points, length-for-age, head circumference-for-age z-score < -2SD accordingly.Results: We had total of 95 patients, 73 patients with acyanotic and 22 patients with cyanotic lesions. Prevalence of undernutrition in CHD was 51.1%, with 22.3% severe undernutrition. FTT was found in 64.9%, short stature in 49.5% and microcephaly in 37% patients. FTT was found higher in acyanotic (72.2%) compared to cyanotic lesions (42.9%). In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length (72.2% vs 49.3%). In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally (42.9% vs 54.5%). Diet counseling were done in patients with undernutrition. Medicines, transcatheter or surgery intervention were indicated in selected patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of FTT was higher than undernutrition in children with CHD. FTT was found higher in acyanotic lesions. In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length. In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally. "

"Perawat harus berkinerja baik dalam pelayanan keperawatan namun perawat sangat rentan dengan penyakit akibat kerja dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya. Healthy eating merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung kesehatan perawat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan healthy eating dengan penyakit akibat kerja dan kinerja perawat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode crosssectional pada 266 perawat pelaksana yang diambil dengan menggunakan quota sampling. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari instrumen healthy eating (Cronbachs alpha 0,915), Penyakit akibat kerja (Cronbachs alpha 0,939) dan Kinerja (Cronbachs alpha 0,859). Hasil healthy eating tergolong kurang baik (61,7%), keanekaragaman pangan kurang baik (56,4%), PHBS baik sebesar 52,3%, pemantauan berat badan baik (87,2%), aktivitas fisik rendah  (65,8%), status gizi perawat didominasi oleh obesitas (42,5%), perawat tergolong risiko tinggi penyakit akibat kerja (52,3%), kinerja perawat tergolong kurang baik (67,7 %) Kesimpulan: ada hubungan antara healthy eating dengan penyakit akibat kerja (p 0,037) dan ada hubungan antara healthy eating dengan kinerja perawat (p 0,043). Komponen healthy eating yang paling berhubungan dengan penyakit akibat kerja adalah pemantauan berat badan (p 0,003). Komponen healthy eating yang paling berhubungan dengan kinerja adalah keanekaragaman pangan (p 0,032). Rekomendasi yang diberikan adalah mengoptimalkan healthy eating perawat dengan meningkatkan upaya promotif dan preventif pemantauan berat badan agar mempertahankan status gizi normal, dan mengoptimalkan keanekaragaman pangan perawat dengan upaya promotive dan preventif tanpa meninggalkan kuratif dan rehabilitative untuk meningkatkan kinerja perawat dan mencegah risiko terjadinya penyakit akibat kerja sehingga dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanaan keperawatan.

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Nurses must perform well in nursing services, but nurses are very vulnerable to occupational diseases in carrying out their work. Healthy eating is one of the supporting faktors for nurses' health. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between healthy eating and occupational diseases and nurse performance. The research method used a cross-sectional method on 266 implementing nurses who were taken using quota sampling. The research instruments consisted of healthy eating instruments (Cronbach's alpha 0.915), occupational diseases (Cronbach's alpha 0.939) and performance (Cronbach's alpha 0.859). Healthy eating results were classified as poor at 61.7%, food diversity was poor at 56.4%, PHBS was good at 52.3%, weight monitoring was good at 87.2%, low physical activity was 65.8%, status nurses' nutrition is dominated by obesity at 42.5%, nurses are at high risk of occupational diseases at 52.3%, nurses' performance is classified as poor at 67.7%. Conclusion: there is a relationship between healthy eating and occupational diseases (p 0.037) and there is a relationship between healthy eating and nurse performance (p 0.043). The components of healthy eating that are most related to occupational diseases is weight monitoring (p 0.003). The components of healthy eating that are most related to performance is food diversity (p 0.032). The recommendations given are to optimize nurses' healthy eating by increasing promotive and preventive efforts to monitor body weight to maintain normal nutritional status to reduce the risk of occupational diseases and optimize the food diversity of nurses with promotive and preventive efforts without neglecting curative and rehabilitative to improve the performance of nurses so as to improve the quality of nursing services."