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"Gejala psikosis singkat ramai dibicarakan di dunia medis terkait kemunculannya dengan Covid-19. Di beberapa penelitian terbaru kasus psikotik singkat meningkat pada pasien Covid-19 maupun penyintasnya (Brown et al., 2020; Naomi Zahrani, 2021). Merujuk pada penelitian (Tarrier et al., 2004), disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi dukungan keluarga dan etrapi CBT dapat mengurangi gejala kekambuhan psikotik pada ODS (Orang Dengan Skizofrenia). Lalu, pada penelitian (Kim et al., 2018) yang membuat aplikasi khusus skizofrenia berbasis teori CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) menunjukkan bahwa ODS puas dengan penggunaan aplikasi tersebut. Di Indonesia, penelitian mengenai pembuatan prototipe aplikasi khusus ODS berbasis CBT yang lengkap belum ada. Maka dari itu, peneliti melanjutkan penelitian Kim menggunakan pendekatan riset DSR (Design Science Research) lalu dievaluasi dengan faktor adopsi secara umum. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe dengan pengguna ada tiga yaitu ODS, caregiver dan psikiater/psikolog. Untuk pengguna ODS dihasilkan 11 fitur. Pada pengguna caregiver dihasilkan 8 fitur. Sedangkan, pada pengguna psikolog/psikiater dihasilkan 7 fitur. Keluaran dari penelitian ini selain menghasilkan prototipe, juga menghasilkan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pengguna untuk menggunakan aplikasi ini. Pada pengguna ODS faktor yang mempengaruhi pengguna yaitu variabel-variabel tersebut adalah perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social influence, m-health technology design, data privacy, resistance to change, technology anxiety, portability, trust in mobile health services, self efficacy dan facilitating condition. Ke 11 variabel tersebut mempengaruhi variabel intention to use pada pengguna ODS. Berbeda dengan pengguna ODS, hasil wawancara evaluasi caregiver tidak menghasilkan variabel resistance to change dan facilitating condition, lainnya, variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap intention to use sama dengan variabel yang ada di ODS. Sedangkan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap intention to use pada psikiater/psikolog adalah semua variabel sama dengan ODS dan caregiver hanya saja pada psikiater/psikolog tidak memiliki variabel portability dan trust in mobile health services. Keluaran berikutnya adalah hasil skor SUS atas evaluasi prototipe yaitu 79 yang mana berdasarkan range skor SUS Bangor dan kawan-kawan (2008) acceptability ratingnya adalah acceptable, kemudian grade scale-nya adalah C dan adjective ratingnya adalah good. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa prototipe yang dibuat mudah digunakan, dapat diterima dan memuaskan pengguna.

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Symptoms of brief psychosis are being discussed in the medical world related to their emergence with Covid-19. In several recent studies, brief psychotic cases have increased in Covid-19 patients and survivors (Brown et al., 2020; Naomi Zahrani, 2021). Referring to research (Tarrier et al., 2004), it was concluded that the combination of family support and CBT therapy can reduce psychotic relapse symptoms in ODS (People With Schizophrenia). Then, in a study (Kim et al., 2018) that made a special application for schizophrenia based on CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) theory, it showed that ODS were satisfied with the use of the application. In Indonesia, research on the development of a complete CBT-based ODS application prototype does not yet exist. Therefore, the researcher continued Kim's research using the DSR (Design Science Research) research approach and then evaluated it with general adoption factors. This study produced a prototype with three users, namely ODS, caregiver and psychiatrist/psychologist. For ODS users 11 features are generated. For caregiver users, 8 features are generated. Meanwhile, for psychologist/psychiatrist users, 7 features are generated. The output of this research in addition to producing a prototype, also produces what factors influence users to use this application. For ODS users, the factors that influence users are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social influence, m-health technology design, data privacy, resistance to change, technology anxiety, portability, trust in mobile health services, self efficacy. and facilitating conditions. The 11 variables affect the intention to use variable on ODS users. In contrast to ODS users, the results of caregiver evaluation interviews do not produce resistance to change and facilitating conditions variables, other variables that affect intention to use are the same as those in ODS. While the variables that affect the intention to use in psychiatrists/psychologists are all the same variables as ODS and caregivers, except that psychiatrists/psychologist do not have portability and trust in mobile health services variables. The next output is the result of the SUS score on the evaluation of the prototype, which is 79 which based on the score range of SUS Bangor et al (2008) the acceptability rating is acceptable, then the grade scale is C and the adjective rating is good. So, it can be concluded that the prototype made is easy to use, acceptable and satisfying to users."

"Hipertensi merupakan golongan penyakit tidak menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat secara luas khususnya pada beberapa negara berkembang dengan ekonomi menengah kebawah termasuk Indonesia. Dampak psikologis hipertensi yaitu stres, ansietas dan kemarahan, perasaan kurang bertenaga. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) efektif untuk klien hipertensi dalam mengontrol tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, menurunkan gejala cemas dan depresi, serta meningkatkan kualitas tidur. Hasil dari studi -studi menuliskan pelaksanaan CBT dari segi waktu dan jumlah pertemuan masih beragam Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi kebutuhan terapi psikososial : CBT untuk klien hipertensi. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara mendalam, partisipan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 20 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik thematic analysis dengan 6 langkah yaitu Familiarising, Genarating Codes, Searching For Themes, Reviewing Themes , Defining and Naming Theme dan Producing The Report. Hasil: Hasil wawancara dan catatan lapangan dari partisipan mengidentifikasi 4 tema yaitu respons emosi terhadap penyakit, respons kognitif dan perilaku terhadap penyakit, strategi teknis CBT dan harapan dan manfaat CBT. Kebutuhan terapi psikososial : CBT untuk pasien Hipertensi lebih tergambar dari tema ketiga yaitu kebutuhan pada startegi teknis CBT. Kebutuhan strategi dan teknis CBT berbeda antara pasien di Puskesmas Semplak dan di Rumah Sakit Marzoeki Mahdi , seperti tempat pertemuan, dan teknis tugas tambahan. Kesimpulan: Kebutuhan klien Hipertensi terhadap startegi teknis pelaksanaan CBT di Puksesmas adalah kunjungan rumah dengan sebulan sekali, kemudian Rumah Sakit Jiwa Marzoeki Mahdi waktu sebulan sekali tetap di Rumah sakit.

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Hypertension is a group of non-communicable diseases that are still a public health problem, especially in several developing countries with lower-middle economies, including Indonesia. The psychological impact of hypertension is stress, anxiety and anger, feeling less energetic. Several studies have shown that Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is effective for hypertensive clients in controlling systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improving sleep quality. The results of studies that describe the implementation of CBT in terms of time and number of meetings are still varied. Objectives: This study aims to explore the need for psychosocial therapy: CBT for hypertensive clients. Methods: this research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collected by in-depth interviews, participants in this study obtained 20 people. This study uses a thematic analysis technique with 6 steps, namely Familiarising, Generating Codes, Searching For Themes, Reviewing Themes, Defining and Naming Themes and Producing The Report. Results: The results of interviews and field notes from participants identified 4 themes, namely emotional responses to illness, cognitive and behavioral responses to illness, CBT technical strategies and expectations and benefits of CBT. The need for psychosocial therapy: CBT for hypertension patients is illustrated by the third theme, namely the need for CBT technical strategies. The need for CBT strategies and techniques differed between patients at the Semplak Health Center and Marzoeki Mandi Hospital, such as meeting places, and additional technical tasks. Conclusion: Hypertension clients' needs for technical strategies for implementing CBT at Community Health Centers are home visits once a month, then Marzoeki Mahdi Mental Hospital once a month stays in the hospital."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas cognitive behavioral play therapy dalam mengatasi selective mutism pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian ini mengunakan desain single-subject. Subyek penelitian ini berjenis kelamin perempuan, berusia 10 tahun dan duduk di kelas lima Sekolah Dasar. Efektivitas program diukur dengan mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan data yang diperoleh melalui metode observasi. Sebagai intervensi, peneliti menggunakan cognitive behavioral play therapy. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan program cognitive behavioral play therapy efektif dalam membangun pikiran alternatif yang adaptif, membentuk coping perilaku berupa deep breath dan meningkatkan frekuensi bicara pada L. Sebagai hasil tambahan program ini juga mempengaruhi motivasi subyek untuk mau bermain dengan teman-teman.

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Cognitive behavioral play therapy are aplied to reduce selective mutism on middle childhood children. This research is single subject design with 10 years old little girl as subject. In qualitative and quantitative approch, this research use observational method. For cognitive and behavior change, researcher use cognitive behavior technic such as psychoeducation, cognitive change strategies (identifying and challenging maladaptive thought), positive self-statement, problem solving, bibliotherapy, modeling, role play, relaxation, exposure, and positive reinforcement. As the result, cognitive behavioral play therapy are effective to develop subject‟s alternative adaptive thought and adaptive behavior coping, and increase talk behavior frequencies."

"Perilaku bunuh diri merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada klien skizofrenia yang mengakibatkan kesedihan dan kerugian yang tidak terukur terhadap individu, keluarga dan masyarakat. Tindakan keperawatan ners, Cognitive Therapy dan Sosial Skiil Training diberikan pada klien bertujuan untuk menurunkan tanda gejala risiko percobaan bunuh diri, meningkatkan harga diri klien, mampu mnegontrol emosi dan perilaku, memanfaatkan system pendukung yang ada, mampu mengendalikan keinginan untuk mencederai diri sendiri serta meningkatkan kemampuan klien dalam bersosialisasi dengan orang lain. Tindakan keperawatan diberikan kepada 10 klien risiko bunuh diri 5 klien mendapatkan tindakan keperawatan Ners generalis dan Ners Spesialis Cognitive therapy dan 5 klien mendapatkan tindakan keperawatan ners generalis, ners spesialis cognitive therapy dan social skill training dengan menggunakan pendekatan model stres adaptasi stuart. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah terjadi penurunan tanda gejala risiko bunuh diri pada aspek kognitif, afektif, fisiologis, perilaku dan sosial, terjadi peningkatan harga diri klien dan kemampuan klien dalam bersosialisasi dengan orang lain, dan tindakan keperawatan ners generalis, ners spesialis cognitive therapy dan sosial skill training mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih baik dari pada klien yang hanya mendapatkan pemberian tindakan keperawatan Ners generalis dan Ners Spesialis Cognitive therapy. Hasil penanganan kasus ini merekomendasikan pentingnya tindakan keperawatan ners generalis, ners spesialis cognitive therapy dan sosial skill training dan melakukan pengawasan evaluasi stressor yang muncul serta perlunya kolaborasi dengan tim medis dalam pemberian antidepresan.

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Suicidal behavior is the leading cause of death in schizophrenic clients resulting in grief of suffering, and unmeasured harm to individuals, families and communities. Nursing intervention and Cognitive Therapy and Social Skiil Training SST are given to clients aimed at reducing the risk symptom signs of attempted suicide, increasing client self esteem, being able to control emotions and behavior, utilizing existing support systems, self injury and improve the ability of clients in socializing with others. Nursing Intervention, CT and SST were given to 5 clients of risk suicide 5 clients received Ners generalist action and Ners Specialist Cognitive therapy and 5 clients received ners generalist treatment, cognitive therapy ners specialist and social skill training by using the stuart tress adaptation model approach. The finding indicated decrease in signs of suicide risk symptoms on the aspects of cognitive, affective, physiological, behavioral and social aspects, increasing client 39 s self esteem and the ability of clients in socializing with others and ners generalist actions, specialist cognitive therapy and social skills training has a better effect than the clients who only get nursing treatment Generalist Ners and Ners Specialist Cognitive therapy. The results of this case recommend the importance of generalist nursing actions, specialist cognitive therapy and social skills training and monitoring evaluating the emerging stressors as well as the need for collaboration with the medical team in the administration of antidepressants"

"ABSTRAKPasung merupakan suatu tindakan memasang sebuah balok kayu pada tangan dan/atau kakiseseorang, diikat atau dirantai, diasingkan pada suatu tempat tersendiri di dalam rumahataupun di hutan. Bireuen menempati urutan pertama untuk kasus pasung terbanyak diAceh. Keluarga dengan klien gangguan jiwa yang dipasung seringkali merasakan bebanyang berkaitan dengan perawatan klien. Alasan keluarga melakukan pemasungan adalahmencegah prilaku kekerasan, mencegah risiko bunuh diri, mencegah klien meninggalkanrumah dan ketidakmampuan keluarga merawat klien gangguan jiwa. Tujuan penelitian iniuntuk mengetahui pengaruh FPE terhadap beban dan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawatklien pasung dan mengetahui tingkat kemandirian klien pasung dalam perawatan dirisetelah mendapatkan asuhan keperawatan defisit perawatan diri. Desain penelitian quasieksperiment dengan pendekatan pre post test without control group. Penelitian dilakukandi 8 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bireuen menggunakan total sampling yaitu 20 keluarga yangterdiri dari 11 keluarga dengan klien pasung dan 9 keluarga dengan klien lepas pasung.Family Psychoeducation (FPE) merupakan sebuah metode terapi keluarga yangdikembangkan oleh NAMI (National Alliance for Mentally Ill) untuk memberikandukungan kepada keluarga. FPE dilakukan melalui 5 sesi dan asuhan keperawatan defisitperawatan diri sebanyak 4 sesi. Hasil uji statistik dependen t-Test menunjukkan penurunanbeban keluarga dan peningkatan kemampuan keluarga secara bermakna setelah mendapatFPE. Aspek kemandirian klien (aktivitas harian, aktivitas sosial, cara mengatasi masalahdan pengobatan) dalam perawatan diri meningkat secara bermakna setelah mendapatintervensi defisit perawatan diri. Diharapkan penerapan FPE pada keluarga dengan pasungdapat dilakukan di pelayanan kesehatan jiwa Puskesmas sehingga pada akhirnya dapattercapai ‘Aceh Bebas Pasung’.

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ABSTRACTPasung represent an action which installing a log wood at hand or feet, bound or enchainedis then detached at one particular separate place within doors and or in the forest. Bireuenhas the most pasung cases number in Aceh. Usually a lot of problems, subjective orobjective burden related to client treatment got by family. The reasons given for pasungwere often multiple, including violence, concern about the person wandering off or runningaway and coming to harm, concern about possibility of suicide, and the unavailability of acaregiver. Family Psychoeducation is a therapy method developed by NAMI (NationalAlliance for Mentally Ill) to give fully support to the family. The aim of this research is tofind out the FPE influence towards burden and family ability in taking care of pasungclient. Also expand the research about client independence after getting deficit self caretreatment. This quasi experiment did with pre post test without control group. The sampleswas taken to 20 families (11 families of client pasung and 9 families of ex client pasung)spread in 8 Puskesmas of Bireuen District with total sampling method. FPE conduct in 5sesion and 4 sesion for deficit self care treatment. The statistic result of dependent t-Testshowed that there was a significant effect in decreasing the family burden and increasingthe family ability. The aspect of client independence (daily activity, social activity, solvedthe problems and medication) in self care also increased significantly after gettingintervention of self care deficit. After all the research result, it’s strongly recommendedespecially for Puskesmas should be a facilitating unit in implementing FamilyPsychoeducation to families which has pasung client to achieve better life “ Free AcehFrom Pasung”."

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalammeningkatkan self-esteemdewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompoksebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) danCoopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami. Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikapyang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaanperasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem., Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health,

according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally.

One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the

self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one

group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and

after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the

participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith

Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the

participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and

CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with

themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults

with negative self-esteem.]"

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan self-esteem dewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompok sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) dan Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami.Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikap yang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaan-perasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselves although still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

, Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

]"

"Penelitian bertujuan melihat efektivitas Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) untuk menurunkan interpersonal dependency pada mahasiswa dengan ciri kepribadian dependen. Subjek berjumlah 3 orang mahasiswa Strata-1 (S1), tiga perempuan, rentang usia 20 sampai 22 tahun. Semua partisipan mengisi kuesioner Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) (Hirschfield, Klerman, Gough, Barrett, Korchin, & Chodoff, 1977) pada pra dan pasca intervensi. Ciri kepribadian dependen diukur dengan Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th Edition Plus (PDQ-4+) untuk Dependent Personality (Hyler, 1994). Pasca intervensi, semua subjek menunjukkan penurunan skor interpersonal dependency pada IDI, baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif.

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Study aims to investigate the treatment outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for interpersonal dependency in college student with dependent personality feature. Subjects were 3 undergraduate, 3 female, age 20 to 22. All subjects completed Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI) (Hirschfield, Klerman, Gough, Barrett, Korchin, & Chodoff, 1977) at pre and post treatment. Dependent personality feature were assessed with Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th Edition Plus (PDQ-4+) for Dependent Personality (Hyler, 1994). Post treatment assessment revealed efficacy of CBT, all subjects show decrease in interpersonal dependency, quantitatively and qualitatively."