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"Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin C serumdengan kadar SOD eritrosit pada penderita HIV/AIDS . Penelitian dilakukan di UPTHIV RSUPNCM Jakarta mulai bulan Februari sampai Maret 2013. Penelitian inimerupakan studi potong lintang terhadap 52 orang penderita HIV. Data yang diambilmeliputi data karakteristik subyek berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin dan pendidikan,asupan energi, asupan vitamin C, status gizi, riwayat pengobatan ARV, jumlahlimfosit T CD4. Dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk mengukur kadar vitaminC serum dan kadar SOD eritrosit. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji Pearson dengankemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Subyek penelitian 25 perempuan dan 27 laki-laki, reratausia 33,60±4,84 tahun. 80,8% berada dalam rentang usia 30–40 tahun dan 82,7%berpendidikan sedang. Asupan energi 76,9% kurang dengan rerata untuk perempuan1700,41±316,25kkal/hari dan rerata laki-laki 1996,33±525,72kkal/hari. Asupanvitamin C 100% kurang dengan rerata untuk perempuan 46,62±15,66mg/hari danlaki-laki 46,97±13,39mg/hari. Status gizi 44,2% cukup dan 40,4% lebih dengan rerataIMT 21,98±3,48kg/m2. Sebanyak 94,2% sudah mendapat ARV dan jumlah limfosit TCD4 terbanyak berada pada kategori II CDC (200–499sel/?L) yaitu sebanyak 63,5%dengan median 245(50–861)sel/?L. Kadar vitamin C serum sebanyak 92,3% dalamkategori rendah dengan median 0,23(0,10–0,56)mg/dL. Kadar SOD eritrositterbanyak (53,8%) dalam kategori normal dengan rerata 1542,10±5,42U/gHb.Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah yang tidak bermakna antara kadar vitamin C serumdengan kadar SOD eritosit (r= −0,109 dan p=0,442)

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The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum vitamin

C concentration and erythrocyte SOD concentration of HIV/AIDS patients. Study

was conducted at UPT HIV/AIDS RSUPNCM from February to March 2013. The

study was a cross sectional study of 52 HIV/AIDS patients. Data collected including

subject characteristic age, sex, education, energy intake by food record 2x24 hour,

vitamin C intake by FFQ semikuantitatif, nutritional status, history of ART, and CD4

lymphocyte count. Conducted laboratory tests to measure serum vitamin C

concentration and erythrocyte SOD concentration. Statistical analysis was done using

Pearson’s correlation test.

Result: Subject consisted of 27 men and 25 women, mean of age 33.60±4.84years

old. 80.8% age in range 30–40years old. 82.7% were medium education level. 76.9%

subject had low energy intake, mean 1700.41±316.25kcal/day for women and mean

1996.33±525.72kcal/day for men. 100% subject had low vitamin C intake with mean

46.62±15.66mg/day for women and 46.97±13.39mg/day for men. . Nutritional status

of 44.2% had normal and 40.4% over enough with a mean BMI 21.98±3.48 kg/m2.

94.2% had ART and 63.5% lymphocyte count at category II CDC with mean

245(50–861)cell/?L. 92.3% subyek had low serum vitamin C concentration with

median 0.23(0.10–0.56)mg/dL. 53.8% subject had normal erythrocyte SOD

concentration with mean 1542.10±5.42U/gHb. There was no correlation between

serum vitamin C and erythrocyte SOD. (r=−0.109 and p=0.442)"

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dan aktivitas superoxide dismutase (SOD) eritrosit pada penderita HIV/AIDS. Bahan dan cara: Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada pasien rawat jalan di klinik Pokdisus, RSUPNCM Jakarta selama akhir Februari 2013 sampai bulan Maret 2013. Subyek diperoleh dengan metode consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 52 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, rekam medis, dan pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kadar vitamin E serum dan aktivitas SOD eritrosit. Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek adalah laki-laki (51,9%), usia rata-rata adalah 34 ± 4,84 tahun. Malnutrisi terjadi pada 55,8% dari subyek dan semua subyek (100%) memiliki asupan vitamin E yang kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar subjek telah mendapatkan terapi ARV (94,2%). Jumlah CD4 <200sel/uL ditemukan pada 17 subyek (32,7%). Kadar vitamin E serum yang rendah didapat pada semua subyek (100%) dengan nilai rata-rata kadar vitamin E serum 3,84 (1,77-7,32) umol / L, sementara aktivitas SOD eritrosit yang cukup ditemukan pada 53,8% dari subyek dengan nilai rata-rata 1542,1 ± 281,04 U / g Hb. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar serum vitamin E dan aktivitas SOD ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. (R = 0,047, p = 0,742).

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Objective: The aim of this cross sectional study was to find a correlation between serum level of vitamin E and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HIV/AIDS patients.

Material and method: Data collection was conducted at Pokdisus outpatient clinic, RSUPNCM Jakarta, from late February 2013 to March 2013. Subjects were obtained with the consecutive sampling method. A total of 52 subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews, medical records, and anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status, and through laboratory examination (i.e. serum level of vitamin E and erythrocyte SOD activity).

Results: The majority of the subjects were male (51,9%) with a mean age of 34 ± 4.84 years. Malnutrition occured in 55.8% of the subjects and all subjects (100%) had vitamin E intake that is less than the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). In this study, most subjects had already been on ARV therapy (94.2%). Low CD4 cell count was found in 17 subjects (32.7%). Vitamin E deficiency was found in all subjects (100%) with a median value of serum level of vitamin E of 3.84 (1.77 to 7.32) μmol / L, while normal SOD activity was found in 53.8% of the subjects with a mean value of 1,542.1 ± 281.04 U / g Hb.

Conclusion: No significant correlation between serum level of vitamin E and SOD activity was found in this study (r = 0.047, p = 0.742)."

"Garcinia mangostana L. merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang diketahuimempunyai berbagai manfaat, diantaranya sebagai antibakteri, antidiare,antiinflamasi, serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol 50% kulit buah G.mangostanaterhadap hati dan plasma tikus dari kerusakan oksidatif akibat pemberiankarbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Dua puluh lima ekor tikus putih jantan Sprague-Dawleydibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol; kelompok CCl4 dengan dosis0,55 mg/g BB peroral; serta kelompok ekstrak dosis 900, 1080, dan 1296 mg/kg BBperoral selama 8 hari sebelum pemberian CCl4. Karbon tetraklorida diberikan 48 jamsebelum tikus dikorbankan. Parameter biokimia yang diukur adalah aktivitassuperoksida dismutase (SOD), katalase (CAT) dan senyawa karbonil di jaringan hatidan plasma darah tikus. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan aktivitas SOD hatikelompok ekstrak (900 dan 1080 mg/kg BB) dan aktivitas SOD plasma kelompokekstrak (900 dan 1296 mg/kg BB) lebih tinggi bermakna (p<0,05) terhadapkelompok CCl4. Aktivitas CAT hati kelompok ekstrak (900, 1080, dan 1296 mg/kgBB) lebih tinggi bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kelompok CCl4. Pemberianekstrak dosis 900 mg/kg BB memperlihatkan kadar senyawa karbonil hati lebihrendah tidak bermakna (p>0,05) terhadap kelompok CCl4. Dari penelitian ini dapatdisimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 50% kulit buah manggis dapat memberikanpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan endogen sehingga mampu mencegahterjadinya stres oksidatif di hati akibat pemberian CCl4.

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Garcinia mangostana L. is a medicinal plant known many benefits, including its

potency as antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antiinflammatory, and high antioxidant

activity. This study aimed to test the antioxidant activity of 50% ethanolic extract of

G. mangostana rind against oxidative damage in liver and plasma of rats caused by

administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley

rats were divided into 5 groups consist of control group; CCl4 group aregiven a dose

of 0.55 mg/g b.w orally; group that are given doses of extract 900, 1080, and 1296

mg/kg b.w orally for 8 days prior to CCl4 administration. Carbon tetrachloride

(CCl4)are given 48 hours before the rats were sacrificed. Parameters measured were

superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and carbonyl compounds in

liver tissue and blood plasma of rats. The results of this study showed that the

activity of liver SOD in extract groups (900 and 1080 mg/kg b.w) and activity of

plasma SOD in extract group (900 and 1296 mg/kg b.w) were significantly higher (p

<0.05) compared to CCl4 group. Activity of the liver CAT in extractgroups (900,

1080, and 1296 mg/kg b.w) were significantly higher (p <0.05) compared to CCl4

group. Extract administration on900 mg/kg b.w showed the levels of carbonyl

compounds in liver was lower not significant (p> 0.05) compared to the CCl4 group.

From this study it can be concluded that the 50% ethanolic extract of mangosteen

rind influence the activity of endogenous antioxidant and prevent oxidative stress in

the liver caused by CCl4 administration."

"Air susu ibu adalah sumber nutrisi paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi, yang mengandung banyak komponen penting salah satunya antioksidan enzimatik yaitu Superoksida Dismutase (SOD). Sebagai antioksidan lini pertama, SOD berfungsi mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida dan selanjutnya hidrogen peroksida diubah menjadi air dan alkohol oleh katalase (CAT) dan Glutation Peroksidase (GPx). Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan eksogen dari luar tubuh akan membantu kerja SOD untuk mencegah keadaan stres oksidatif.  Fungsi vitamin E adalah mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lemak pada membran sel. Vitamin E akan bekerja secara sinergis dengan vitamin C yang akan mengubah kembali vitamin E menjadi bentuk non radikal. Asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C di Indonesia masih belum jelas terutama pada ibu laktasi sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitianini merupakan penelitianpotong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Puskesmas Cilincing pada 60 orang ibu laktasi berusia 20-40 tahun yang menyusui bayi berumur 1-6 bulan. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak bulan Maret hingga April 2019 yang bertujuanuntuk melihat korelasi antara asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI. Aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI dinilai menggunakanRansod kit 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Median aktivitas total SOD eritrosit sebesar 423,73 (242-858) U/ml, sedangkan median aktivitas total SOD ASI 58,34 U/ml(24,86-287,79) U/ml. Asupan vitamin E yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 91,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin E yang rendahsedangkan 70% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin C yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan vitamin E dan C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI (p>0,05).

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Human milk is the best nutrition for infant's growth and development. Human milk contains many components, one of them is superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a first line antioxidant, SOD plays a role to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and furthermore will continue with catalase (CAT) and gluthathione peroxide (GPx) to change hydrogen peroxide into water and alcohol molecule. Vitamin E as an exogenous antioxidant will help SOD to prevent oxidative stress. Vitamin E inhibits lipid peroxidation in membrane cell. Vitamin C helps vitamin E back into non radical molecule. Vitamin E and vitamin C intake in Indonesia still unclear especially among lactating mothers. This cross sectional study conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centre in 60 lactating mothers aged 20-40 yo whose feeding 1-6 months infants. Study was held from march until April 2019 to assess correlation between vitamin E and C intake of lactating mothers with erythrocyte and brestmilk SOD total activity. Total SOD activity in erythrocyte and human milk were analyzed with Ransod kit 125with spectrophotometry method. Median SOD total activity in erythrocyte was 423,73 (242-858)U/ml, meanwhile SOD total activity in breastmilk has median value 58,34 U/ml (24,86-287,79) U/ml. Subjects with low vitamin C intake were 91,7% and 70% subjects had adequate vitamin C intake. There were no significant correlation between vitamin E and vitamin C intake in lactating mothers with erythrocyte and breastmilk SOD total activity (p>0,05)."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dengan aktivitas SOD eritrosit pada pasien geriatri non-frail dan frail di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada pertengahan bulan Agustus 2014 sampai pertengahan bulan September 2014. Subjek didapatkan secara consecutive sampling, sebanyak 60 orang (30 orang untuk masing-masing kelompok non-frail dan frail) yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Tidak didapatkan korelasi signifikan antara kadar seng serum dengan aktivitas SOD eritrosit subjek penelitian, baik secara keseluruhan maupun per kelompok.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to know the correlation between serum zinc level and the erythrocyte SOD activity both in non-frail and frail geriatric patients. These subjects were collected from mid-August 2014 to mid-September 2014 from the clinic of Geriatric, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Through conducting a consecutive sampling, 60 subjects who met the study criteria and completed all study progress, that consisted 30 persons who represent each non- frail and frail group, were enrolled into this study. Serum zinc level did not show significant correlation with erythrocyte SOD activity, both overall and per group."

"Latar Belakang: Pekerja jalan raya merupakan kelompok rentan terpapar CO kronis dengan efek yang mungkin tidak dikenali. Penelitian terkait dampak pajanan kronis CO terhadap COHB dan penurunannya masih terbatas. Terapi Oksigen Hiperbarik terbukti menyebabkan peningkatan waktu paruh CO darah sehingga mengurangi CO yang berikatan dengan sitokrom oksidase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi oksigen hiperbarik dosis tunggal 2,4 ATA selama 3x30 menit O2 interval 5 menit udara Terhadap Pajanan Kronis Karbon Monoksida pada pekerja jalan raya Dinas Perhubungan Jakarta Timur dengan Penanda COHb dan SOD Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan true experimental pre post dengan desain double blind pada 30 pekerja jalan raya yang dibagi menjadi kelompok control (normobarik hiperoksik) dan kelompok perlakuan (hiperbarik hiperoksik) dengan randomisasi blok, Kadar COHb dan SOD darah perifer diambil sebelum dan 2 jam sesudah perlakuan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil. Terdapat peningkatan kadar SOD baik pada kelompok hiperbarik hiperoksik (p= 0,955)dan kelompok normobarik hiperoksik (p=0,246) akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p> 0,05) setelah perlakuan pada kadar SOD antara 2 kelompok. Terdapat penurunan kadar COHb baik pada kelompok hiperbarik hiperoksik (p= 0,480)dan kelompok normobarik hiperoksik (p=0,776) tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p> 0,05) setelah perlakuan pada kadar COHB antara 2 kelompok. Kesimpulan. Terapi hiperbarik hiperbarik (HBOT) tidak secara signifikan menurunkan COHb yang berada dalam nilai normal dibandingkan dengan hiperoksia normobarik dan status antioksidan setelah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda secara statistik yang berarti terapi hiperbarik hiperoksik tidak menyebabkan lebih banyak stres oksidatif dibandingkan dengan hiperoksia normobarik. Penelitian selanjutnya harus fokus pada efek HBOT pada dosis COHb yang berbeda dan apakah terapi multipel akan memberikan hasil yang berbeda.

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Background: Road workers are a vulnerable group to chronic CO exposure with effects that may go unrecognized. Research on the impact of chronic CO exposure to COHB and its reduction is limited. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to increase the CO half-life of the blood, thereby reducing CO binding to cytochrome oxidase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single dose hyperbaric oxygen therapy of 2,4 ATA for 3x30 minutes O2 5 minute intervals of air against Chronic Carbon Monoxide Exposure to highway workers of the East Jakarta Transportation Agency with COHb and SOD markers. Methods: This research is a true experimental pre post with double blind design on 30 road workers which is divided into a control group (hyperoxic normobaric) and a treatment group (hyperbaric hyperoxic) with block randomization, peripheral blood SOD and COHB levels were taken before and 2 hours after treatment. The examination was carried out using a spectrophotometer. Result: There was an increase in SOD levels in both the hyperoxic hyperbaric group (p = 0.955) and the hyperoxic normobaric group (p = 0.246) but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) after treatment on the SOD levels between the 2 groups. There was a decrease in COHb levels in both the hyperbaric group (p = 0.480) and the normobaric group (p = 0.776) and the difference between group is not significant Conclusion: hyperoxic hyperbaric therapy (HBOT) does not significantly lowered COHb that already within normal value compared to normobaric hyperoxia and antioxidant status after treatment on both group are not statistically different which means hyperoxic hyperbaric therapy does not caused more oxidative stress compared to normobaric hyperoxia. Future research should focus on the effect of hyperoxic hyperbaric therapy on different doses of COHb and whether if multiple hyperoxic hyperbaric therapy will give different outcome."

"Infeksi HIV menghasilkan radikal bebas yang merusak sel dan berbagai organ tubuh. Antioksidan berperan penting untuk mengatasi kerusakan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian bersama untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar antioksidan (beta karoten, vitamin C, E dan seng) dengan kadar SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak akhir bulan Februari 2013 sampai Maret 2013 dengan metode consecutive sampling, didapatkan 52 orang subyek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan median usia subyek 33 (24-40) tahun dengan 51,9% laki-laki. Sebanyak 94,2% subyek mendapatkan terapi anti retrovirus. Nilai median jumlah limfosit T CD4+ adalah 245 (50-861) sel/µL dan 63,5% subyek berada pada kelompok CDC II. Status gizi 84,6% subyek normal dan lebih dengan nilai median 21,4 (14,4-32,4) kg/m2. Nilai rerata asupan energi subyek 1850,8±454,6 kkal/hari, 76,9% subyek memiliki asupan energi kurang dari kebutuhan total harian. Nilai Median asupan lemak subyek 51,4 (22-129,4) gram/hari dan 63,5% subyek memiliki asupan lemak kurang dari energi total. Semua subyek memiliki asupan serat yang kurang dari angka kecukupan serat, nilai rerata asupan serat subyek adalah 8,6±3,6 gram. Nilai rerata asupan beta karoten subyek 10,92±4,37 mg/hari, 88,5% memiliki asupan beta karoten cukup. Nilai median kadar beta karoten subyek 0,21 (0,01-0,72) µmol/L dan 76,9% subyek memiliki kadar beta karoten rendah. Rerata kadar SOD subyek sebesar 1542,1±281 U/gHb dan 53,8% subyek memiliki kadar SOD normal. Tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar beta karoten dengan SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS (r=-0,174, p=0,217).

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Free radicals formed on the course of HIV infection can cause cellular and multiple organ damage. Antioxidants play an important role to minimize damage caused by these free radicals. This research is done using cross sectional design and is part of a joint study to assess the correlation between antioxidants (beta-carotene, vitamin C, E, and zinc) and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients at Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. The study is done from late February 2013 to March 2013 using consecutive sampling method, 52 subjects matched the study’s criteria. Study shows the age median value is 33 (24-40) years old, with 51.9% male. As much as 94.2% subjects were receiving anti retroviral therapy. Median value of CD4+ T lymphocyte count is 245 (50-861) cell/µL, 63.5% subjects belong in the CDC II category. Nutritional status for 84.6% subjects was normal and overweight with median value of 21.4 (14.4-32.4) kg/m2. Mean score for energy intake is 1850.8±454.6 kcal/day and as much as 76.9% subjects have energy intake less than total daily requirement. Median value of fat intake is 51.4 (22-129.4) grams/day and 63.5% subjects have fat intake less than total energy. All subjects were found to have fiber intake less than individual fiber requirement with mean score of 8.6±3.6 grams. Subjects’ mean score for beta-carotene is 10.92±4.37 mg/day and 88.5% of the subjects have adequate beta-carotene intake. Median value of beta-carotene level is 0.21 (0.01-0.72) µmol/L and 76.9% subjects have low beta-carotene level. SOD level mean score is 1542.1±281 U/gHb, 53.8% subjects had normal SOD level. This study found no significant correlation between beta-carotene and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients (r=-0.174, p=0.217)."

"Ruang lingkup dan metodologi : Gas NO2 adalah bagian dari polutan udara dan merupakan radikal bebas yang sangat mudah teroksidasi. Salah satu mekanisme pertahanan tubuh terhadap radikal bebas adalah enzim SOD. Penelitian menguji hipotesa bahwa kadar SOD akan lebih rendah pada tenaga kerja di bagian dapur dibandingkan dengan tenaga keija di bagian administrasi. Metode penelitian adalah analisis komparasi dengan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan di RS X. Kepada 20 orang tenaga kerja di bagian dapur dan 20 orang tenaga kerja di bagian administrasi dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan kadar SOD dalam darah pada setiap peserta. Pengukuran pajanan NO2 dilakukan dengan menggunakan impinger.Hasil dan Simpulan : Hasil pengukuran pajanan NO2 di dapur sebesar 0,000097 ppm, di bagian administrasi 0,0000062 ppm, masih jauh di bawah ambang batas TLV-TWA = 3 ppm (ACGIH). ata-rata kadar SOD pada kelompok tenaga kerja bagian dapur = 848,8 U/gr Hb dan kelompok tenaga kerja bagian administrasi = 851,1 U/gr Hb. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar SOD pada kedua kelompok (pl,956). Faktor-faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh pada kadar SOD seperti usia, indeks masa tubuh, kebiasaan makan dan mengkonsumsi buah-buahan, suplemen vitamin, kebiasaan merokok, olahraga, stress, pajanan NO2 di lingkungan tempat tinggal, penggunaan kompor gas, pajanan alat transportasi dan pajanan sinar matahari tidak memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar SOD (p>0,05). Dan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar SOD pada tenaga kerja yang terpajan NO2 dalam ruangan di bagian dapur dan administrasi tidak berbeda. Faktor-faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh pada kadar SOD tidak memberikan perbedaan bermakna.

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Scope and methodology: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one component of air pollutants that is highly oxidizing free radical gas. Superoxide dismutase enzyme is one of the defense mechanism of the body. The objective of the study was to test a hypothesis that SOD level in the kitchen division's workers were lower than workers in the administration. This study was conducted using a comparative analysis with cross sectional design in the X hospital. Twenty workers in kitchen division were selected as the same as in administration office. They were interviewed, physically examined and taken their blood sample for SOD level. Exposure level of NO2 was measured using air impinger.

Result and conclusion : The exposure level of NO2 in the kitchen was 0,000097 ppm while in administration office was 0,0000062 ppm, both are far lower than ACGIH TLV-TWA point (3 ppm). The workers in the kitchen division has an average 848,8 U/gr HB for level SOD and the workers in the administration office has an average of 851,1 U/gr 1- b. There was no significant difference between two group (p=0,956). Determinant factors to SOD level such as age, body mass index, vitamin supplement, smoking habit, sport, stress, domestic NO2 exposure, gas stove usage, transportation and sun exposure were proved not to have significant effects (p>O, OS) We conclude in this study that there was no difference of SOD level among workers in the kitchen and the administration divisions. The studied determinant factors have no effect on SOD level."

"ABSTRACT

Objective : To study the eH`ect of vitamin C 1000 mg i.v and E 400 mg oral supplementation on serum c-reactive protein level as parameter of inflammation in burn patients.

Methods: This study was a one group pre post test that gave i.v 1000 mg vitamin C and oral 400 mg vitamin E supplementations to thirteen moderate-severe burn patients, with percentage of burn less than 60%, in burn unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data were collected using questionnaire, medical record, anthropometric measurement, dietary assessment using four consecutive days food record. Laboratory test for serum vitamin C, E and serum c-reactive protein levels- were evaluated before and after supplementations. Differences in mean values were assessed by Wilcoxon for the not normal distribution.

Results: Among thirteen subjects, Seven (53.80%) Subjects were female, median of age 35 (18-55) years. Body mass index in most subjects (69.2%) were categorized as normal. The median percentages of burn injury 22 (5~57)%, and the frequency of severe burn was 6l.50%, while the most cause of burn was flame (76.9%). Level of vitamin C after treatment was increased, but not significant. Level of vitamin E after treatment was significantly increased (p=0,016). Level of CRP after supplementation significantly increased (p=0.04).

Conclussion: There was significantly reduced of level serum CRP after four days vitamin C1000 mg i.v dan E 400 mg oral supplementations."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."