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"Domestic service activities as basic dwelling necessities are inevitably required and performed as essential part of living spaces in any house types. The spatial arrangement of domestic service activities might be problematic in dwellings with limited spatial size, as found in housings for low income occupants. This paper examines various spatial strategies for domestic service activities in urban kampung houses, through the development of a dwelling typology based on the spatial organization of domestic service space. It attempts to analyze urban kampung houses beyond the common differentiation of dwelling space in which domestic service spaces tend to be associated with the back of the house region. It also acknowledges the context of urban kampung housing with certain neighborhood social structure and collective uses of spaces. The findings suggest various spatial strategies in allocating domestic service activities within the available space, including the use of the front region of the house, the outdoor extension of house space, as well as collective uses of space for certain domestic service activities. Redefining the typology of houses based on the spatial arrangement of domestic service activities could provide an insight into specific characteristics of urban kampung living with specific spatiality for domestic service."

"Penelitian ini merefleksikan hubungan gender dengan ruang hunian secara kontekstual di lingkungan padat penduduk selama berlangsungnya pandemi Covid-19. Lingkungan kampung kota yang identik dengan peran gender feminin yang lebih banyak berada dan melakukuan aktivitas di dalam rumah, mengakibatkan praktik meruang sehari-hari tercipta atas dasar kebutuhan dan kepentingan perempuan. Namun demikian, superioritas gender maskulin sebagai pemegang kuasa tertinggi dalam struktur keluarga dapat pula menentukan praktik meruang saat kepala keluarga dan anak kembali beraktivitas ke rumah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi terjadinya perubahan maupun stagnasi pada peran dan relasi gender keluarga sebagai dampak perubahan siklus hidup imbas perubahan aktivitas, ekonomi dan interaksi sosial saat pandemi berlangsung. Apakah kemudian dari dinamika peran & relasi gender tersebut menentukan perubahan spasialisasi kekuasaan gender di dalam ruang hunian dan seperti apa pula bentuk transformasi yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Respondent Driven Samplin terhadap 33 responden yang mewakili 3 jenis keluarga berbeda (tunggal, inti dan besar) dari tiap RT di RW 05 Kalianyar, sebagai salah satu kampung kota terpadat di DKI Jakarta. Hasil wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung pada ruang hunian menunjukkan, otoritas maskulin berimplikasi pada pendefinisian ulang hubungan gender dengan ruang hunian, meski belum sepenuhnya dominan. Namun dibandingakan masa sebelum pandemi dimana ruang hunian masih mengungkapkan ideologi domestisitas mengenai dominasi gender feminin, kini di saat pandemi justru mengindikasikan adanya perbauran dan merekonstruksi gender maskulin ke dalamnya. Kontestasi gender terhadap ruang di tengah pemampatan aktivitas dan penghuni dalam keterbatasan ruang hunian di kampung kota akan direpresentasikan ke dalam berbagai bentuk pengaturan dan transformasi ruang hunian.

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This study reflects the contextual relationship between gender and dwelling space in the high-density settlements in urban kampung during the Covid-19 pandemic. Urban kampung environment is synonymous with feminine gender roles where their existence and activities are mostly carried out in the house, resulting in daily spatial practices being created indeed based on their needs and interests. However, the superiority of the masculine gender as the highest power holder in the family structure can also determine the spatial practice when the head of the family and children begin to return to their activities at home. The purpose of the study was to identify changes or stagnation in the gender roles and relations from each of family member as a result of changes in the family life cycle along with changes in activity, economy and social interaction during the pandemic. Along with the existence of these dynamics, does it determine the change in the spatialization of power over space and what are the implications to the space. This study uses the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) method on 33 respondents representing 3 different types of families (single, nuclear and extended family) from each RT in RW 05 Kalianyar, as one of the most densely populated urban kampung in DKI Jakarta. The results of in-depth interviews and direct observations at the respondent's house show that masculine authority has implications for redefining gender relations with dwelling space, although it is not yet fully dominant. However, compared to the pre-pandemic period where dwelling spaces in urban kampung still express the ideology of domesticity regarding the dominance of the feminine gender, now during the pandemic it indicates the existence of assimilation and reconstructs masculine gender into it. The gender contestation of space in the midst of the compression of activities and occupants in the limited space of urban kampung will be represented in various forms of arrangement and transformation of dwelling space, depending on the type of family. "

"Dengan segala keterbatasan ekonomi maupun lahan hunian, masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah melakukan strateginya masing-masing untuk dapat berkehidupan di kampung kota. Untuk merespon terhadap keterbatasan ekonomi dan hunian yang sedikit, banyak masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah yang akhirnya memilih untuk bertinggal bersama. Namun hal ini dapat memicu ketidakcocokan terhadap kondisi hunian dengan kebutuhan penghuninya, sehingga terjadilah ekstensi hunian. Ekstensi hunian yang dimaksud merupakan ekstensi secara fungsi ruang, bukan secara fisik bangunan. Ekstensi yang dapat terjadi di kampung kota misalnya memanfaatkan teras hunian maupun ranah umum seperti gang atau MCK umum untuk melakukan aktivitas seperti memasak, mencuci, dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan teori dan analisis studi kasus, berbagi termasuk bertinggal bersama dan ekstensi yang dilakukan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi hunian serta neighborhood-nya. Neighborhood yang dimaksud diantaranya adalah hubungan dengan tetangga serta lingkungan fisiknya. Semakin dekat hubungan penghuni dengan tetangganya, jika didukung oleh lingkungan fisik, dapat memberi rasa kepemilikan yang kuat sehingga ekstensi ke ranah umum yang dilakukan dapat lebih leluasa.

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With all the economic and residential constraints, low income people are doing their own strategy to be able to live in kampung kota. In respond to that, many low income people choose to live as a co residence. However, this may trigger mismatch between dwelling conditions and the inhabitant rsquo s needs. This mismatch can eventually leads to an extension in functional way. Extensions that can occur in kampung kota, for example, is to make use of the terrace or public areas such as alleys or MCK public toilets to perform activities such as cooking, washing clothes, and so forth. This paper will examine the case study in a qualitative method. The case study is taken in Gang Kingkit, Central Jakarta, as a dense kampung kota and the dwelling extension can be seen in every corner of the alleys. Based on the results of the theory review and case study analysis, sharing co residence included and extension is greatly influenced by the dwelling condition and its neighbourhood. Neighbourhood in this context is the relationship between neighbours and the physical environment. The closer the inhabitants rsquo relationship to their neighbours, if supported by the physical environment, can give a strong sense of belonging so that the extensions to public areas can be performed more freely."

"This paper addresses the challenges in developing design ideas of learning environment for primary school children that could promote creativity. In particular it illustrates how the boxes as simple three dimensional objects could be constructed into a system that offers various possibilities of utilization for learning activities. The possible arrangements of boxes and the possible utilization of their surfaces were investigated through a series of creative workshop with children, in which they explored different ways of constructing the arrangement of boxes and using them for their activities. The possibilities offered by the arrangement of boxes and their surfaces indicate the importance of understanding the presence of objects in space not as an independent entity but as a part of the whole spatial system. It suggests that learning environment essentially needs to be designed as an integrated system of learning spaces and objects that together could promote creative learning."

"Skripsi ini akan menyelidiki bagaimana strategi spasial yang dilakukan oleh penghuni rumah fungsi ganda di kawasan padat penduduk berperan dalam kehidupan di kawasan. Di rumah yang memiliki usaha rumahan, penghuni harus menjalankan kegiatan bertinggal sekaligus kegiatan usaha secara bersamaan. Rumah dengan usaha rumahan memiliki peran untuk penghuninya (internal) dan peran untuk kawasan (eksternal). Dalam menelusuri peran internal, digunakan pendekatan workhome yang berorientasi pada penghuni dan latar belakangnya (subjektif) dan pendekatan fleksibilitas yang beriorientasi pada kondisi rumahnya (objektif). Workhome membagi rumah fungsi ganda dalam 3 variabel; fungsi dominan bangunan, strategi desain spasial, dan pola penggunaan ruang. Secara eksternal, rumah dengan usaha rumahan membuat jalan lebih hidup karena memiliki active frontage yang memantik adanya interaksi di jalan. Metode yang digunakan pada skripsi ini adalah kajian literatur mengenai rumah fungsi ganda, usaha rumahan, fleksibilitas, dan active frontage. Skripsi ini akan menganalisis dinamika kegiatan yang terjadi di rumah dengan usaha rumahan di Gang K, Kalibata, yang merupakan kawasan padat penduduk dengan usaha rumahan yang beragam. Peran internal (strategi spasial) dan eksternal (active frontage) rumah fungsi ganda saling berkaitan. Active frontage dapat merupakan hasil dari strategi spasial yang tumpah ke muka bangunan dan tercerminkan di jalanan.

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This study will investigate the spatial strategies by occupants of dual-use house in densely populated areas contribute to life in the neighborhood. In houses with home-based businesses, occupants must simultaneously manage domestic and business activities. Such house plays dual roles: an internal role for the occupants and an external role for the community. In exploring internal role, this study employs a workhome approach that oriented towards the occupants and their backgrounds (subjective), and a flexibility approach oriented towards the condition of the house (objective). The workhome approach categorizes dual-use houses into three variables: dominant function, spatial design strategy, and pattern of use. Externally, homes with home-based businesses contribute to a more vibrant street life because it has active frontage which stimulates street-level interactions. The methodology used in this study includes a literature review on dual-use houses, home-based businesses, flexibility, and active frontage. This study will analyze the dynamics of activities that occur at home with home-based businesses in Gang K, Kalibata, a densely populated area with diverse home-based businesses. The internal (spatial strategy) and external (active frontage) roles of dual-use houses are interrelated. Active frontage can be the result of a spatial strategy that spills over to the building’s façade and is reflected on the street."

"Kampung merupakan wilayah pemukiman yang padat penduduk, berada berdampingan dengan kota, dimana mereka memiliki tempat tinggal yang hidupnya tradisional, susunannya tidak terencana, serta pekerjaan penghuninya cenderung informal (Sihombing, 2023). Perbedaan tersebut tentunya mempengaruhi cara hidup masyarakat kampung, terutama kebiasaan masyarakat kampung dalam berkumpul di ruang publik yang ada di luar tempat tinggal dan di luar tempat bekerja/sekolah, yaitu third place. Saat ini, menurut Badan Pusat Statistik 2020, generasi Z merupakan generasi dengan jumlah terbanyak di Indonesia, yaitu dengan jumlah 27.94%. Generasi Z merupakan generasi yang communitarian, yaitu generasi yang gemar berkumpul dan membentuk komunitas. Terlebih lagi, kondisi ekonomi masyarakat kampung kota lemah, sehingga kebiasaan generasi Z di kampung kota dalam berkumpul dan membentuk komunitas berbeda dengan generasi Z lainnya yang tinggal di luar kampung. Maka dari itu, generasi Z yang tinggal di kampung kota dengan karakter yang communitarian dan hidup dalam kemiskinan tentu memiliki pertimbangan/preferensi sendiri dalam mencari ruang yang mampu membentuk komunitas diantara mereka, baik dilakukan secara sadar ataupun tidak. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini membahas tentang faktor pembentuk third place yang mempengaruhi pilihan third place generasi Z di kampung dan pengaruhnya terhadap terbentuknya komunitas.

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The urban village (kampung) is a residential area that is densely populated, located side by side with the city, where they have traditional living habits, unplanned building pattern, and the occupants' work tends to be informal (Sihombing, 2023). These differences certainly affect the living habits of the kampung’s residents, especially the habit of gathering in public spaces outside their homes and outside their workplaces/schools, namely the third place. Currently, according to the 2020 Population Census, generation Z is the generation with the largest number in Indonesia (27.94%). Generation Z is a communitarian generation, the generation that likes to gather and form communities. Furthermore, living under awful economic conditions impacts their habit of gathering and shaping communities, thus showing differences from other Z generations outside kampung. Therefore, generation Z who live in kampung with communitarian characteristics that lives under poverty certainly have their own considerations in finding spaces that are able to form community among them, whether done consciously or not. Therefore, this thesis discusses third place shaping factors that affect generation z in kampung’s third place selection and its impact towards community formation."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan memahami peran ruang sirkulasi pada kampung kota sebagai tempat (place) aktivitas sosial dan ekonomi. Interaksi sosial dan aktivitas ekonomi pada ruang dan tempat dianalisis berdasarkan teori ‘plase as asemblage’ yang melihat place sebagai sebuah kesatuan yang muncul dari keterkaitan elemen-elemen di dalamnya. Studi kasus dilakukan di Kampung Susun Akuarium di mana bentuk ruang sirkulasi berbeda dari kampung kota landed. Hasil analisis dari observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa terjadi proses transformasi pada ruang sirkulasi Kampung Susun Akuarium yang bersifat temporer dan rutin, mengubahnya menjadi tempat (place) spesifik untuk melakukan aktivitas sosial dan aktivitas ekonomi. Transformasi tersebut tidak menghilangkan fungsi utama ruang sirkulasi.

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This thesis aims to understand the role of circulation space in kampung kota as a place for social and economic activities. Social interactions and economic activities happening in a certain place are analyzed based on the theory of ‘place as assemblage’, which views place as an entity that emerges from the interactions of its elements. A case study was conducted in Kampung Susun Akuarium where the circulation space differs physically from landed kampung kota. Analysis done from observations and interviews indicate that a transformation process occurs in the circulation space of the Kampung Susun Akuarium, which is temporary and happens repeteadly, turning it into a specific place for social and economic activities. This transformation does not eliminate the main function of circulation space."

"Kemayoran telah mengalami transformasi fungsi kota. Bermula sebagai lahan berawa yang dijadikan kawasan bandara udara kemudian diubah menjadi kawasan perdagangan internasional yang dilengkapi area hunian didalamnya. Kebon Kosong menjadi kawasan hunian yang dilengkapi fasilitas publik di dalamnya. Dalam kehidupan, manusia senantiasa mencariketenangan dan kenyamanan jiwa melalui beragam aktivitas yang terwujud dalam kegiatan ritual. Sadar ataupun tidak warga kota menandai tempat tertentu berdasarkan interiority yang mereka rasakan untuk melakukan kegiatan ritual. Pembahasan aktivitas ritual dalam tesis ini terfokus pada kegiatan yang terjadi di ruang publik berdasarkan life cycle space. Life cycle space merupakan ruang gerak yang terbentuk dari aktivitas manusia berdasarkan kelompok usia tertentu. Setiap fase tumbuh kembang manusia memiliki radius gerak manusia yang terpaut dengan rumah tinggal. Area radius gerak manusia yang terjadi di ruang publik selanjutnya disebut sebagai ruang ritus kota. Berdasarkan analisis, ruang teduh menjadi tujuan warga kota untuk beraktivitas. Temuan ini mengantarkan pada metode merancang kota dengan permukaan bayangan.

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Kemayoran has been a transformation in the city functions. Previously, this area was marshy land that once used the area airports and then transformed into an international trade, with a residential area. Kebon Kosong area has now become a residential area and has been equipped with public facilities. In life, people always seek tranquility and comfort the soul through a variety of activities embodied in ritual activities. Consciously or not, people mark certain places based interiority they feel to perform the ritual activities.

Discussion of ritual activity in this thesis is focused on the activities that take place in public spaces based on life cycle space. Life cycle space is the space that is formed from human activities and based on a particular age group. Each phase of human growth and development has a radius of human motion adrift with their living places. Radius area of human motion that occurs in the public space will be referred to as a rite of urban space. Based on the analysis, a shady area becomes people?s aim for daily activities. The result of this thesis leads to a method of designing the city with a shadow surface."