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"This volume focuses on the state-of-the-art micro/nanofabrication technologies for creating miniature structures with high precision. These multidisciplinary technologies include mechanical, electrical, optical, physical, and chemical methods, as well as hybrid processes, covering subtractive and additive material manufacturing, as well as net-shape manufacturing. The materials the volume deals with include metals, alloys, semiconductors, polymers, crystals, glass, ceramics, composites, and nanomaterials. The volume is composed of 30 chapters, which are grouped into five parts. Engaging with the latest research in the field, these chapters provide important perspectives on key topics, from process developments at the shop level to scientific investigations at the academic level, offering both experimental work and theoretical analysis. Moreover, the content of this volume is highly interdisciplinary in nature, with insights from not only manufacturing technology but also mechanical/material science, optics, physics, chemistry, and more."

"This book covers the recent developments in the production of micro and nano size products, which cater to the needs of the industry. The processes to produce the miniature sized products with unique characteristics are addressed. Moreover, their application in areas such as micro-engines, micro-heat exchangers, micro-pumps, micro-channels, printing heads and medical implants are also highlighted. The book presents such microsystem-based products as important contributors to a sustainable economy. The recent research in this book focuses on the development of new micro and nano manufacturing platforms while integrating the different technologies to manufacture the micro and nano components in a high throughput and cost effective manner. The chapters contain original theoretical and applied research in the areas of micro- and nano-manufacturing that are related to process innovation, accuracy, and precision, throughput enhancement, material utilization, compact equipment development, environmental and life-cycle analysis, and predictive modeling of manufacturing processes with feature sizes less than one hundred micrometers. "

"Handbook of Nano to Macro Damage Mechanics provides a comprehensive reference for the topics of damage and healing mechanics. Appropriate for an audience of graduate students and faculty, researchers, and professioals in the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics,the volume covers all types of materials that the engineers may encounter including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials. The internationally recognized team of contributors employ a consistent and systematic approach offering readers a user friendly reference ideal for frequent consultation.This second edition adds newly established techniques and materials properties codified in the past ten years to this authoritative reference. The volume retains its comprehensive coverage of damage and healing mechanics with updates to core topics and references and addition of other types of damages not covered in the first edition, including thermo-elastoviscoplastic damage-healing model for bituminous materials, damage in granular materials, damage in biological tissue, damage in rubber materials, damage crashworthiness in cars and airplanes, risk analysis in damage structures, and evaluating damage with digital image correlation. The Handbook details computational modeling of constitutive equations as well as solved examples in engineering applications. A wide range of materials that engineers may encounter are covered, including metals, composites, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials, and nanomaterials. The internationally recognized team of contributors employs a consistent and systematic approach, offering readers a user-friendly reference that is ideal for frequent consultation. The Handbook of Damage Mechanics: Nano to Macro Scale for Materials and Structures, second edition is ideal for graduate students and faculty, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Materials Science, and Engineering Mechanics."

"Dewasa ini, pengembangan baterai sebagai bahan penyimpan energi yang tinggi, ringan, mampu pakai dalam jangka waktu yang lama, telah banyak dilakukan . Baterai berbasis ion lithium mampu menghasilkan energi yang besar, dan reservoir ion lithium pada baterai adalah elektroda. Pada penelitian ini elektroda yang dikembangkan adalah partikel nano LiCoO2 ditambahkan 5, 10, 15, 20 % v/v PVDF, sintesa partikel nano LiCoO2 dilakukan menggunakan teknik planetary milling dan ultra sonic. Partikel nano LiCoO2 + x PVDF, dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM, PSA dan analisa konduktifitas. Pembentukan lapisan tipis katoda, Pt/np-LiCoO2+xPVDF/Pt dilakukan menggunakan metoda magnetron sputter deposition (MSD). Baterai mikro Si/Pt/LiCoO2/C6/Cu hasil pembentukan MSD dianalisa menggunakan metode SEM-EDX, XRD, analisa konduktifitas, Four Probe Analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, nano partikel LiCoO2 + 10 %v/v PVDF memiliki konduktifitas terbaik, memiliki struktur rhombohedral R-3m, dengan parameter kissi a = b = 2,8213 Å, c = 14,0446 Å. Lapisan tipis Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt dibentuk menggunakan metoda MSD pada arus 20 A dengan tegangan 0,7 kV, ditumbuhkan pada substrat Si(111), dimana partikel np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF membentuk morphologi ekuaksial. Perlakuan anil pada temperatur 600oC selama 1 jam pada lapisan tipis Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt menunjukan bahwa butir kristal np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF tumbuh dengan pada orientasi [107]. Lapisan tipis np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF pada sistem lapisan Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt, memiliki impendansi, kapasitansi dan konduktansi yang relatif baik.

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Nowadays, battery as a high energy storage, which is lightweight and capable of use in a long period of time, has been developed. Lithium ion battery is well known, where lithium ion is capable to produce large energy and electrode is used as reservoir of lithium ions. In this study, nano particle of LiCoO2 added with 5, 10, 15, and 20% of PVDF have been developed. nano particle of LiCoO2 was synthesized by using planetary milling and ultra sonic methods. Nano particle LiCoO2 + xPVDF was characterized by using SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM, PSA and conductivity analysis. The formation of micro battery was carried out by using magnetron sputter deposition (MSD) method. Micro battery of Si/Pt/LiCoO2/C6/Cu resulted from MSD was analyzed by using SEM-EDX, XRD, conductivity analysis, and Four Probe Analyzer. The results showed that nano particle of LiCoO2 + 10% v/v PVDF has the best conductivity, belong to the structure of rhombohedral with space group R-3m, with lattice parameter a = b = 2.8213 Å, c = 14.0446 Å. Thin film of Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt system have been formed successfully at a current of 20 A and potential of 0.7 kV, on Si(111) substrate, where particle of np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF formed an equaxial morphology. Annealing of Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt at 600oC for 1 hour resulted in the growth of np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF crystal grain at orientation of [107]. Thin film of np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF on the system of Pt/np-LiCoO2+10%v/vPVDF/Pt showed fairly good impedance, capacitance and conductivity."

"ABSTRAKObjektifTujuan penelitian ini melihat pengaruh minyak buah merah Pandanus conoideus Lampada hati tikus yang cedera akibat D galaktosaminMetodePenelitian ini dilakukan terhadap tikus putih jantan strain Sprague Dawley berumur 2 3bulan dengan berat badan 120 150 gram Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancanganacak Dibagi dalam lima kelompok masing masing kelompok enam ekor mendapatperlakuan selama empat minggu Kelompok kontrol (kelompok 1) diberi air kelompokdiberi MBM (kelompok 2) kelompok diberi D galaktosamin (Kelompok 3) kelompokdiberi minyak buah merah selama satu minggu kemudian diberikan D galaktosamin(Kelompok 4) kelompok diben minyak buah merah dan D galaktosamin secarabersamaan (Kelompok 5) Dosis MBM yang digunakan 1 ml/ kgBB/han per oral dosis Dgalaktosamin 200 mg/KgBB/minggu secara intrapentoneal Parameter yang diuji adalahMDA plasma MDA hati GPT plasma GPT hati berat badan berat hati dan gambaranhistopatologik hati Data hasil pengukuran antara kelompok perlakuan dilakukan denganmengukur koefisien vanan Hasil data berdistnbusi normal dilanjutkan uji parametrik 1way Anova kemudian dengan uji post hoc Turkey Hasil data perbandingan tiap mingguyang berdistnbusi normal dilakukan uji parametrik 2 way Anova kemudian dilanjutkandengan uji multiple komparasi Bonferrom Hasil data berdistnbusi tidak normal makadianalisa dengan uji non parametnk Kruskall wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji TamhaneData yang diperoleh dan pembacaan skala diolah dengan cara krostabulasi kemudiandilanjutkan dengan uji Chi SguareHasilHasil pengukuran MDA plasma menunjukan D galaktosamin ini dapatmeningkatkan MDA plasma setiap minggunya hasil ini menunjukan bahwa Dgalaktosamin mengakibatkan kerusakan oksidatif molekul lipid sejak awal pengamatanpada minggu pertama Tampaknya efek protektif MBM terhadap D galaktosamin masihada pada minggu pertama hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh antioksidan yang terdapatdalam MBM pada minggu pertama masih dapat menetralisir stress oksidatif yangditimbulkan oleh D galaktosamin Disamping itu mungkin D galaktosamin belum bekerjamaksimal merusak pada minggu pertama Pada kelompok MBM + D galaktosaminhasil MDA plasma lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok D galaktosamin mungkin inidikarenakan stress oksidatif yang ditimbulkan MBM + D galaktosamin lebih tinggi dibandingkan D galaktosamin itu sendiri Secara statistik MDA jaringan hatimenunjukkan D galaktosamin mengakibatkan kerusakan oksidatif Juga pada MBMsendiri menyebabkan stress oksidatif sehingga bila diberikan bersamaan dengan Dgalaktosamin kerusakan yang diakibatkannya menjadi lebih tinggi dibandingkan denganhanya diberi D galaktosamin Hasil MDA jaringan hati menunjukkan bahwa MBMbersifat toksik terhadap hati sehingga menyebabkan peroksidasi lipidDari hasil pemenksaan GPT plasma disimpulkan D galaktosamin mempunyaiefek merusak hati hasil yang didapat juga mulai terlihat pada minggu ke 2 dan biladiberi bersamaan dengan MBM ternyata GPT plasma melonjak lebih tinggiPeningkatan ini mengindikasikan bahwa MBM berpotensi merusak sel hati Hasilpemeriksaan GPT janngan hati juga menunjukkan D galaktosamin menyebabkankerusakan janngan hati dan MBM sendm membuat kerusakan struktur sehingga biladiberi lebih lama yaitu satu minggu sebelumnya yang dimaksudkan untuk perlindunganternyata kerusakan yang terjadi lebih tinggiDari hasil pengukuran berat hati disimpulkan bahwa D galaktosamin inimeningkatkan berat hati secara bermakna karena D galaktosamin ini mempunyai efekmerusak sel hati Dan MBM juga menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan berat hati jadidisimpulkan MBM tidak dapat memben perlindungan terhadap sel hatiHasil pengukuran berat badan menunjukkan D galaktosamin menyebabkanpenurunan berat badan tapi sangat mengherankan ternyata bila MBM diberikan satuminggu sebelumnya menyebabkan peningkatan berat badan mungkin disim karenaMBM mengandung multivitamin yang menyebabkan keinginan untuk makanmeningkat Bila diberikan bersamaan MBM dan D-galaktosamin ternyata menunjukkanbahwa dengan pembenan MBM tersebut berat badan tidak dapat berubah secarabermakna kemungkinan ini karena efek dari MBM tidak dapat menetralisir efek dari Dgalaktosamin Efek MBM sendiri secara statistik tidak dapat meningkatkan berat badanPada pemenksaan histopatologi hasil yang didapat tidak terlalu mencolok antarkelompok Hal tersebut cukup mendukung hasil pemenksaan GPT plasma maupunGPT hati walaupun terjadi perubahan secara biokimia dan fisiologi tapi mungkinbelum mengakibatkan kerusakan organik yang bermakna secara histopatologiKerusakan anatomi akan didapat bila zat yang dipakai berlebihan dalam jangka yanglamaKesimpulanMinyak buah merah tidak mempunyai efek protektif terhadap D galaktosamin.

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ABSTRACTBackgroudRed fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil is an antioxidant supplement which hasbeen reported to contain complete nutrient compositions including p carotene and atocopherolObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of red fruit oil on rat liversinjured by D galactosamineMethodsThis study was conducted on 2 3 months old male rats of Sprague Dawley straineach weighing about 120 150 grams We used randomized samples We divided therats into five groups each group consisted of six rats Each group received a differenttreatment for four weeks Group 1 (control) only received water group 2 received redfruit oil Group 3 received D galactosamine Group 4 received red fruit oil for one weekearlier and then continued with D galactosamine Group 5 received red fruit oil alongwith D galactosamine The red fruit oil supplement was given orally 1 ml/ kg BW/day for4 weeks D galactosamine was given intrapentonealy 200 mg/kg BW/ week Every weekblood samples were obtained to measure the plasma MDA and plasma GPT levels Afterfour weeks blood samples and liver tissues were obtained to measure the plasma MDAliver MDA plasma GPT liver GPT body weight liver weight and histopathologicalfeature of liver were determined as parameters The obtained values were analyzedusing parametric test 1 way Anova and continued with post Turkey hoc test The dataresults with normal distnbution were compared every week then parametnc tests 2 wayAnova was conduted and continued with test of Bonferrom multiple comparisons Thedata which were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Tamhane test showed that thedistnbution was normal The values obtained by scale reading were analyzed usingcrosstabulation method and continued with test of Chi-SquareResultsThe measurement of plasma MDA every week after treatment with Dgalactosamine showed an increase of plasma MDA This result showed that Dgalactosamine causes oxidative damage to lipid molecule since in early perception atfirst week The protective effect of MBM to D galactosamine was seen at the first weekThis effect was presumably caused by the antioxidative effects of MBM whichneutralized the oxidative stress induced by D galactosamine Also it was possible thatthe peak toxic effect of D galactosamine had not appeared during the first week of thestudy The plasma MDA level of group 4 dan 5 were higher than that of group 3 possibly because oxidative stress generated by MBM + D galactosamine was higher than the Dgalactosamme itselfThe examination of the tissue liver MDA statistically showed that Dgalactosamine caused oxidative damage MBM alone also caused oxidative stress sowhen it was co admimstered with higher D galactosamine the result was higherplasma level of MDA compared to D galactosamine alone The result from the tissueliver MDA indicated that MBM did not provide protection effect to the liver becauseMBM caused lipid peroxidationExamination of plasma GPT suggested that D galactosamine had damagingeffect to the liver The same results could also be seen at the second week When Dgalactosamine was given at the same time with MBM the result of plasma GPT waseven higher The increase of plasma level MDA showed that MBM had potentialdamaging effect to liver cells Examination of GPT liver tissue also showed that Dgalactosamine caused liver tissue damage and MBM alone could also damage thestructure of the liver Futhermore when MBM was given one week longer the damagewas even higherD galactosamine increased liver weight sigmficantly It suggesed that Dgalactosamine might cause damage of the liver Similarly to MBM alone increased liverweight It could be concluded that MBM was not protective to the liver cellD galactosamine caused weight loss However surprisingly enough when MBMwas given one week before it increased of body weight This was possible becauseMBM contains multivitamine that increased the appetite But when MBM and Dgalactosamine were given at the same time the body weight did not changesigmficantly It could happen because MBM did not neutralize the effect of Dgalactosamine Statistically MBM alone coud not increase the body weightThe result of histopathologic examination showed insigmficant differencebetween groups This result supported the examination of plasma GPT and also liverGPT Even though there were biochemical and physiological changeshistopathologically there was no organ damage Histopatological damage would befound when the substance was used in the long term periodConclusionThese results suggested that red fruit oil did not have protective effect Dgalactosamine."

"For Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMS) production, each product requires a unique process technology. This book provides a comprehensive insight into the tools necessary for fabricating MEMS/NEMS and the process technologies applied. Besides, it describes enabling technologies which are necessary for a successful production, i.e., wafer planarization and bonding, as well as contamination control."

"Micro teaching adalah sebuah model pembelajaran yang disederhanakan dan diperkecil ukuran pelaksanaannya, seperti jumlah peserta/praktikan/audince yang terdiri dari para calon guru/mahasiswa keguruan antara 5 - 15 orang, waktu pealaksanaan 10 - 20 menit bahan pengajaran 1-2 unit yang difokuskan pada teknik ketrampilan pengajaran tertentu, dengan tujuan pembinaan dan penyempurnaan kemamtuan yang sedang di pelajari...."

"Meningkatnya permintaan akan produk yang compact, terintegrasi, dan berbentuk miniatur menciptakan timbulnya proses fabrikasi mikro (micro-fabrication). Micro-forming yang merupakan salah satu proses micro-fabrication memiliki keunggulan dari segi volume produk yang diproduksi, persyaratan kehandalan yang mampu dipenuhi, serta penggunaan material lembaran logam yang jauh lebih efisien dan efektif dibandingkan dengan proses micro-fabrication lain. Ketika proses pembentukkan diskalakan dari ukuran konvensional menjadi submilimeter, beberapa aspek yang dimiliki oleh benda kerja/material tidak mengalami perubahan seperti struktur mikro dan surface topology. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya rasio antara dimensi dari part dan struktur mikro atau surface topology mengalami perubahan yang dikenal sebagai size effects.Permasalahan utama yang terjadi pada micro-forming tidak terlepas dari size effects. Size effect terjadi pada seluruh komponen penyusun micro-forming yang terdiri dari material, proses, tooling, mesin/equipment, dan produk. Size effects harus diakomodasi dalam tooling dies dikarenakan mempengaruhi gaya proses pada pembentukkan skala mikro dan desain komponen kritikal pada tooling dies. Dengan mempertimbangkan terjadinya size effects pada proses micro-forming dan melalui penerapan desain berdasarkan pendekatan desain tooling dies proses makro pada proses micro-forming untuk proses micro-bending dan micro-deep drawing serta validasi menggunakan scaling laws maka diharapkan permasalahan dalam tooling dies dapat diantisipasi guna menghasilkan komponen tooling dies untuk kedua proses tersebut.

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The increase on product demand which compact, integrated, and miniaturized tend to create fabrication process in micro scale. Micro-forming is one of the process in micro-fabrication has advantages on product volume, reliability requirement, and also sheet metal material being used more efective and efficient compare to others micro-fabrication processes. When process of forming being scaling down from conventional to submilimeter, some aspects which possesed by workpiece do not change, example : micro structure and surface topology. The scaling down process resulting ratio between dimension of part and micro structure or surface topology also change known as size effects.

Major problem in micro-forming as a whole system dominated by size effect. Size effect almost occured in every component of micro-forming system that consist of material, process, tooling, machine/equipment, and product. Size effects should be addresed in tooling dies because it affected forming force in micro scale and design for critical components of tooling dies. By considering the present of size effects in micro-forming process and through developing the design based on approach for design tooling dies on macro scale for micro-forming especially micro-bending and micro-deep drawing process with validation using scaling laws, so the problem in tooling dies could be tackled for resulting tooling dies components for both processes."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan usulan inisiatif manajemen pengetahuan bagi usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah minyak akar wangi, minyak pala dan minyak nilam untuk mengakses pengetahuan eksternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SMARTVision sampai pada tahap konseptual model. Dilakukan pengambilan data primer berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui hasil uji produk, pengetahuan penting, infrastruktur teknologi, budaya knowledge sharing, dan audit pengetahuan. Obyek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah lima belas perusahaan minyak akar wangi, terdiri dari delapan perusahaan minyak akar wangi, dua perusahaan minyak pala, dan lima perusahaan minyak nilam. Berdasarkan penelitian diidentifikasi bahwa masih terdapat gap pengetahuan yang masih berada di area Red Alert Zone pada usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah minyak akar wangi dan minyak nilam. Penelitian juga mengidentifikasi peta pengetahuan pada ketiga jenis umkm minyak atsiri. Selain itu penelitian mengidentifikasi inisiatif manajemen pengetahuan yang sesuai dengan kondisi dan strategi manajemen pengetahuan pada ketiga jenis umkm minyak atsiri.

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The research was conducted to generate knowledge management initiatives for micro, small and medium in java vetiver oil, nutmeg oil and patchouli oil to make accessible for external knowledge. This research used SMARTVision's methodology which limited to conceptual modeling's procedure. The data gathering was conducted through questionnaires to identify the product's test, knowledge requirement, technology infrastructure, knowledge sharing culture, and knowledge audit. The object of the research were fiveteen essential oil company, consist of : eight java vetiver oil company, two nutmeg oil company and five patchuoli oil company.

The result showed that there are knowledge gap which are in red alert zone area in micro, small and medium enterprise of java vetiver oil, nutmeg oil and patchouli oil producers. The research also identified knowledge map in three types of essential oil producers. Finally the research identified knowledge management initiatives which fit the condition and knowledge management strategy for the three types of essential oil producers."