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"Praktik Denied Boarding pada maskapai penerbangan menjadi salah satu praktik yang diberlakukan kepada masyarakat. Denied boarding terjadi ketika maskapai menolak mengizinkan seorang penumpang yang sudah memiliki tiket untuk naik pesawat yang sama karena alasan operasional atau kebijakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau aspek hukum yang melindungi konsumen dalam kasus denied boarding khususnya kasus involuntary denied boarding serta menganalisis kepatuhan maskapai terhadap regulasi perlindungan konsumen yang berlaku. Metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data sekunder dianalisis melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, penyelsaian kasus terkait, serta dokumentasi dan kebijakan internal maskapai penerbangan terkait perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat kerangka hukum yang ditetapkan dengan jelas untuk melindungi konsumen dari praktik involuntary denied boarding yang tidak adil dan merugikan, juga terkait implementasi dan kepatuhan maskapai penerbangan terhadap regulasi perlindungan konsumen masih menimbulkan permasalahan. Dalam penelitian ini akan disajikan juga ketentuan dan bentuk implementasi terkait kasus involuntary denied boarding dari luar negeri yakni dari Malaysia, Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Akan diberikan deskripsi tentang tantangan hukum yang dihadapi oleh konsumen dan upaya hukum yang dapat diambil untuk menegakkan hak-hak mereka. Rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas regulasi dan penegakan hukum dalam melindungi konsumen dari involuntary denied boarding juga dibahas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang hak-hak mereka sebagai konsumen penerbangan dan mendorong maskapai penerbangan untuk lebih mematuhi peraturan perlindungan konsumen yang berlaku demi menciptakan pengalaman penerbangan yang lebih adil dan bermartabat bagi semua pihak. Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran dan kepatuhan, diharapkan praktik denied boarding pada maskapai penerbanganbisa memiliki resolusi terbaik, memberikan manfaat positif bagi konsumen dan industri penerbangan secara keseluruhan.

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Denied Boarding practice in airlines has become one of the practices imposed on society. Denied boarding occurs when an airline refuses to allow a passenger who already has a ticket to board the same flight due to operational or policy reasons. This research aims to review the legal aspects that protect consumers in cases of denied boarding, particularly in cases of involuntary denied boarding, and analyze airlines' compliance with applicable consumer protection regulations. Normative and empirical juridical approaches are used in this study. Secondary data is analyzed through legislation, case settlements, as well as documentation and internal policies of airlines related to consumer protection. The research findings indicate that in Indonesia, there is no clearly established legal framework to protect consumers from unfair and detrimental involuntary denied boarding practices, and issues related to the implementation and compliance of airlines with consumer protection regulations persist.This study also presents provisions and implementation forms related to involuntary denied boarding cases from foreign countries, namely Malaysia, the European Union, and the United States. Descriptions of legal challenges faced by consumers and legal remedies available to enforce their rights will be provided. Recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of regulations and law enforcement in protecting consumers from involuntary denied boarding are also discussed.This research aims to increase public awareness of their rights as airline consumers and encourage airlines to better comply with applicable consumer protection regulations, creating a fair and dignified flying experience for all parties involved. With increased awareness and compliance, it is hoped that denied boarding practices in airlines can be resolved in the best possible way, bringing positive benefits to consumers and the aviation industry as a whole."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai perlindungan terhadap konsumen selakupengguna jasa angkutan udara dalam hal tidak terangkutnya ke dalam suatupenerbangan terkait kapasitas pesawat udara. Fokus penelitian ini adalahmengetahui apakah suatu keadaan tidak terangkutnya penumpang karena kapasitaspesawat udara dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum berdasarkanKUH Perdata, UUPK, dan peraturan mengenai pengangkutan udara. Serta untukmengetahui apakah pertimbangan majelis hakim dalam putusan No.42/PDT.G/2012/Pn.Jkt.Pst. sudah tepat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah yuridis-normatif. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitiankepustakaan dengan data sekunder sebagai sumber datanya. Analisis dalampenulisan ini dilakukan dengan dasar hukum KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang No. 8Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 2009tentang Penerbangan, dan peraturan-peraturan lainnya terkait pengangkutan udara.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses protection for passanger as a consumer in case of deniedboarding passanger. The focus of this study was to determine whether deniedboarding passanger is a form of tort based on Indonesian Civil Code, ConsumerProtection Law, and Aviation Regulations. This study also determine if the judge?sruling is right seen from the legislation and the theories of law. The method of thiswriting was normative juridicial research with secondary data such as researchliterature as a source of data. The analyzed was performed with the legal basis ofIndonesian Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, LawNumber 1 of 2009 on Aviation, and another Aviation regulations such as Ministerof Transportation regulations."

"Penelitian ini disusun untuk menganalisis peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara sebagai tindakan wanprestasi dan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum serta menganalisis pengaturan dan pelaksanaan tanggung jawab pengangkut udara atas tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian ini adalah peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara dapat digolongkan sebagai tindakan wanprestasi dan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum serta pengangkut udara dianggap selalu bertanggung jawab untuk memberi ganti rugi apabila terjadi peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara.Dibutuhkan suatu definisi dan pengaturan yang lebih jelas mengenai peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara sehingga kepastian hukum bagi penumpang dapat lebih terjamin.

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This research is analyzing denied boarding passanger as a failure to perform and as a tort and also analyzing the regulations and practices of the responsibility of airline of denied boarding passanger. This research is qualitative decriptive interpretative.

The result of this research are denied boarding passanger can be classified as a failure to perform and can be classified as a tort. In addition, airline always be responsible to give compensation if there is denied boarding passanger.

The researcher suggest that needs a definition and regulation more clearly about denied boarding passanger so the passanger can be more protected."

"Overbooking merupakan salah satu strategi bisnis maskapai penerbangan untuk menjual tiket pesawat melebihi kapasitas pesawat guna mengoptimalkan pendapatan. Ketidakjelasan pengaturan overbooking di Indonesia cenderung membuat maskapai penerbangan berargumen bahwa adanya penolakan boarding penumpang dalam suatu penerbangan disebabkan oleh kesalahan teknis yang mengakibatkan adanya perubahan jenis pesawat. Di sisi lain, penumpang memiliki akses terbatas ke informasi yang diberikan oleh maskapai. Selama ini, penumpang yang ditolak boarding hanya dilihat sebagai bentuk penundaan penerbangan yang penanganannya diatur dalam standar prosedur operasional maskapai. Oleh karena itu, dalam tugas akhir ini penulis mengulas tentang praktek overbooking dalam penjualan tiket pesawat dari perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis regulasi, berbagai literatur, dan kasus yang ditemukan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik overbooking dapat merugikan penumpang yang tidak dapat terangkut karena kapasitas pesawat yang sudah penuh. Kemudian, pengaturan pemindahbukuan yang tidak jelas di Indonesia mencederai hak penumpang untuk mendapatkan informasi yang sebenarnya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pemerintah perlu merumuskan regulasi terkait overbooking yang dapat mengakomodir perlindungan konsumen di sektor penerbangan seperti di Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat.

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Overbooking is one of the airline's business strategies to sell airplane tickets beyond the capacity of the aircraft in order to optimize revenue. The ambiguity of overbooking arrangements in Indonesia tends to make airlines argue that there is a refusal to board a passenger on a flight due to a technical error resulting in a change in aircraft type. On the other hand, passengers have limited access to information provided by the airline. So far, passengers who have been refused boarding have only been seen as a form of flight delays where the handling is regulated in the airline's standard operating procedures. Therefore, in this final project the author reviews the practice of overbooking in airplane ticket sales from the perspective of consumer protection law. The author uses a normative juridical research method by analyzing regulations, various literatures, and cases found. This research shows that the practice of overbooking can be detrimental to passengers who cannot be transported because the aircraft's capacity is already full. Then, unclear book-entry arrangements in Indonesia injure passengers' right to get real information. Based on this, the government needs to formulate regulations related to overbooking that can accommodate consumer protection in the aviation sector, such as in the European Union and the United States."

"Permasalahan dalam skripsi ini ialah bagaimana permasalahan terkait barang bawaan penumpang baik itu bagasi kabin dan bagasi tercatat yang dialami oleh konsumen pengguna jasa angkutan udara di Indonesia, apakah maskapai penerbangan Qatar Airways dapat memberikan tanggung jawab atas hilangnya bagasi kabin milik Leo Mualdy Christoffel, serta bagaimana pelaksanaan tanggung jawab dari pihak maskapai penerbangan Qatar Airways dalam kasus Qatar Airways v Leo Mualdy Christoffel. Bentuk penulisan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan cara menganalisis bahan pustaka atau dokumen siap pakai. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa permasalahan yang kerap terjadi terkait dengan barang bawaan penumpang maskapai penerbangan ialah terjadinya kehilangan terhadap barang bawaan penumpang baik bagasi tercatat maupun bagasi kabin. Maskapai penerbangan Qatar Airways dapat memberikan tanggung jawab terhadap kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen karena tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Qatar Airways yang telah lalai dalam menerapkan pelayanan jasa serta standar mutu yang sangat merugikan konsumen. Qatar Airways sebagai pelaku usaha penerbangan harus bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen menurut Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Penerbangan. Penulis memiliki beberapa saran terkait permasalahan dalam skripsi ini yaitu Kementerian Perhubungan harus menindak tegas segala bentuk pelanggaran karena hal tersebut merugikan konsumen penerbangan di Indonesia, perlunya perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang pesawat udara sebagai konsumen yang merasa hak-hak nya dirugikan, serta maskapai Qatar Airways harus meningkatkan sistem keamanan dalam kabin pesawat dengan penyediaan alat pengamanan dalam kabin serta pihak maskapai harus menindak secara tegas oknum-oknum yang melakukan pencurian.

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The problem explained within this thesis is about the carriages carried by passengers of airline companies whether it 39 s listed baggage or cabin baggage experienced by indonesian users of international airline service, whether Qatar Airways capable of the liability caused by the loss of baggage belonging to Leo Mualdy Christoffel that was stored on the cabin, and how the liability is enforced. The Writing form for this thesis is normative juridical, by analyzing Literatures and ready documents. The research points out the problem that is often experienced with passenger 39 s baggage is the loss of carriages whether it 39 s listed or not cabin. Qatar Airways airline service may give responsibility for losses suffered by consumers due to the action taken by Qatar Airways which has been negligent in applying the standard of service and quality that is very detrimental to consumers. Qatar Airways as flight business operators should be responsible for conducting compensation for losses suffered by consumers under the Consumer Protection Law and the Law on Aviation. The author has suggestions related to problems in this thesis which is for the Ministry of Transportation must take stern action against any violation because it is detrimental to consumers low in Indonesia, the need for legal protection against air passengers as consumers feel the rights of its impaired, Qatar Airways must improve security systems within the aircraft cabin with the provision of security equipment in the cabin and the airline should minimize those who commit theft."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai prosedur keterlambatan yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak Lion Air sebagai bentuk perlindungan konsumen bagi para penumpang. Keterlambatan maskapai penerbangan menjadi masalah setiap tahunnya dalam dunia penerbangan di Indonesia. Analisis ini dikaitkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 89 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penanganan Keterlambatan (Delay Management) Pada Badan Usaha Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal Di Indonesia. Lion Air tidak responsif dalam penanganan keterlambatannya, hal ini membuat pemerintah turun tangan dalam masalah ini sehingga Lion Air secepatnya memberikan alasan keterlambatan tersebut dan memberikan kompensasi kepada para penumpang pada hari ketiga. Hal ini melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan yang tertera dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan tersebut. Kasus ini dikaitkan pula dengan ketentuan jangka waktu pemberian kompensasi yang tidak diatur dalam peraturan menteri ini. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan Pihak Lion Air terlambat dalam penanganan ini walaupun tanggung jawab dalam pemberian kompensasi sudah dilakukan.

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This study discusses the delay procedure that must be taken by Lion Air as a form of consumer protection for passengers. Airlines delay has become an annual problem in air transport business in Indonesia. This study discusses such problem by analyzing Law no. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Regulation Minister of Transportation no. 89 of 2015 on Flight Delay Management on Scheduled Commercial Air Transport Business Entity in Indonesia. The unresponsive Lion Air had only provided the reason for the delay and compensation for the passengers on the third day of delay, after directly pushed by the Government. Such action violated Consumer Portection Law and the Regulation Minister of Transportation. This study also discusses the time period for the obligation to give compensation which is not regulated under the Regulation Minister of Transporation. In conclusion, Lion Air was late in handling the problem despite the compensation that they had provided."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah, dalam hal ini Menteri Perhubungan cq. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara pada kasus perlakuan diskriminatif oleh PT Lion Air terhadap Ridwan Sumantri sebagai penumpang penyandang cacat. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara dianggap bertanggungjawab atas perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh penyedia jasa penerbangan PT Lion Air dan penyelenggara kebandarudaraan PT Angkasa Pura II. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan dianggap tidak hanya sebagai regulator dalam bidang penerbangan namun juga sebagai pembina yang mencakup antara lain aspek pengaturan, pengendalian, dan pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan penyedia jasa angkutan udara serta penyelenggara kebandarudaraan dalam menjalankan peraturan perundang-undangan bidang penerbangan.ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations;This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations, This paper discusses the unlawful act committed by the government, represented by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Minister of Transportation, in case of discriminatory treatment by PT Lion Air to Ridwan Sumantri as a passenger with disabilities. DGCA held responsible for acts committed by PT Lion Air as an airline and PT Angkasa Pura II as airport administrator. DGCA considered not only as a regulator on civil aviation, but also as an authority on regulation, control, and supervision of the compliance of airline service provider as well as airport administrator on executing civil aviation regulations]"

"Tidak terima perlakuan diskriminatif tersebut, Ridwan layangkan gugatan perbuatan perdata kepada Lion Air. Selain itu, Ridwan juga mengugat PT Angkasa Pura II dan Kementerian Perhubungan di pengadilan. Bagaimana pengaturan terhadap pelayanan maskapai penerbangankepada konsumen yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik (cacat) di Indonesia, serta Apakah putusan No. 231/Pdt.G/2011/PN.Jkt.Pst. sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan yang ada di Indonesia, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, yang menekankan pada penggunaan data sekunder atau berupa norma hukum tertulis. Dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer adalah bahan-bahan hukum yang mempunyai kekuatan mengikat pada masyarakat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah undang-undang serta peraturan dibawahnya serta bahan hukum sekunder adalah bahan-bahan yang memberikan informasi atau hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan isi bahan hukum primer serta implementasinya, yaitu bulu, makalah, skripsi, laporan penelitian, dan artikel hukum, sehingga dapat diketahui Indonesia sudah memiliki beberapa instrumen peraturan perundang-undangan yang memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang pesawat udara, antara lain Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 Tentang Penerbangan, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 70 tahun 2001 Tentang Kebandarudaraan, Keputusan Menteri No. KM 48 tahun 2002 tentang Penyelenggaraan Bandar Udara Umum serta Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.

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No thank those discriminated against, Ridwan layangkan civil action lawsuit to Lion Air. In addition, Ridwan also mengugat PT Angkasa Pura II and the Ministry of Transportation in court. How regulation of airline services penerbangankepada consumers who have physical limitations (disability) in Indonesia, and this decision No.. 231/Pdt.G/2011/PN.Jkt.Pst. is in conformity with the provisions of the existing regulations in Indonesia, to address these problems by using normative research, which emphasizes the use of secondary data or the form of a written legal norms. By using primary legal materials are materials that have the force of law binding on society and the materials used in this study are the laws and regulations under it as well as secondary legal materials are materials that provide information or other matters relating to the content of the material primary law and its implementation, the feathers, papers, theses, research reports, and articles of law, so as to know Indonesia already has several instruments of legislation that gives legal protection to passenger aircraft, including law No. 1 Year 2009 on Flights, Government Regulation. 70 year 2001 about airport affairs, Ministerial Decree. KM 48 of 2002 on the Implementation of Public Airport and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection."

"Penawaran umum koin kripto yang dikenal dengan Intial Coin Offering yang disingkat ICO adalah mekanisme baru untuk penggalangan modal usaha yang dilakukan oleh perusahaanprusahaan startup. Mekanisme transaksi koin kripto pada ICO ini melibatkan pelaku usaha (founder atau developper) yang menerbitkan koin atau token sebagai koin kripto baru, kemudian koin kripto tersebut ditawarkan kepada masyarakat secara umum disertai dengan dokumen Whitepaper. Mekanisme transaksi koin kripto melalui ICO di beberapa negara menimbulkan banyak masalah seperti praktek-praktek ICO schame atau ICO bodong yang terjadi di Cina dan Vietnam yang mengakibatkan kerugian hingga ratusan miliar, namun sampai saat ini masyarakat tidak bisa menuntut ganti rugi tersebut. Pokok persoalannya adalah tidak adanya regulasi yang mengatur atau melarang praktek ICO, di Indonesia Bappebti membuat Peraturan Bappebti Nomor 9 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka akan tetapi peraturan tersebut tidak mengatur tentang transaksi koin kripto saat ICO. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian juridis normatif dengan dukungan penelitian empiris, maka metode pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan empiris terkait praktek transaksi jual beli koin kripto pada ICO. Hasil analisis adalah terdapat permasalahan perlindungan konsumen dalam tahapan ICO seperti masalah pelanggaran hak atas informasi dan pelanggaran hak konsumen mendapat ganti rugi. Untuk mencegah terjadinya permalasahan konsumen tersebut di Indonesia, perlu adanya regulasi yang dibuat terkait transaksi koin kripto pada ICO. Regulasi ICO dapat dibuat dengan melakukan pendekatan dan penyesuaian dari peraturan-peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) yang menagatur tentang Initial Public Offering (IPO).

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The public offering of crypto assets known as the Initial Coin Offering, abbreviated as ICO. The mechanism for crypto asset transactions in this ICO involves business actors (founders or developers) issuing coins as new crypto assets, then these crypto assets are offered to the general public by a Whitepaper. ICOs in several countries has caused many problems, such as ICO schame. The main problem is that there are no regulations that regulate ICO practices, in Indonesia Bappebti issued Regulation Number 9 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for Organizing the Physical Crypto Asset Market on the Futures Exchange, but it does not regulate the ICO. To answer these problems a normative juridical research method is used with statutory approach. The result is that there are consumer protection problems during the ICO stage, such as violations of the right to information and violations of consumer rights to compensation. To prevent this consumer problem, it is necessary to have regulations. ICO regulations can be made by approaching and adjusting to the regulations of the Financial Services Authority (POJK) which regulate Initial Public Offering (IPO)."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan konsumen terhadap peredaran produk suplemen fitness impor creatine tanpa izin bpom mengenai pelanggaran hukum apa saja yang dilakukan pelaku usaha, tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen yang mengalami kerugian akibat mengkonsumsi produk tersebut, serta upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen yang mengalami kerugian akibat mengkonsumsi suplemen fitness impor creatine tanpa izin BPOM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penilitan yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data primer berupa wawancara dengan narasumber dan penggunaan data-data sekunder, antara lain peraturan perundang-undangan dan buku-buku. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlu diketahui mengenai pelanggaran apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha, dan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian yang dialami konsumen yang mengkonsumsi produk tersebut, serta upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan konsumen dalam hal mengalami kerugian. Hal ini agar konsumen mendapatkan pemenuhan hak-haknya dalam mengkonsumsi Suplemen fitness impor creatine tanpa izin BPOM tersebut.

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The purpose of this mini-thesis is to determine the consumer protection related to the distribution of imported fitness product without permission. Also discussed in this mini thesis are the law violations committed by the unlicensed supplement entrepreneurs, the responsibility carried regarding the consumer loss of consuming such supplements/products, as well as legal remedies that can be done by consumers who suffered losses as a result of consuming unlicensed fitness products. Research method has been used for this mini-thesis is normative juridicial by using primary data which is informant interview and secondary data, such as legislations and books. Based on the research, it is concluded that research needs to be done regarding the law violations committed by the unlicensed supplement entrepreneurs, the responsibility carried regarding the consumer loss of consuming such supplements/products, as well as legal remedies that can be done by consumers who suffered losses as a result of consuming unlicensed fitness products. This is to ensure consumer to get the fulfillment of their rights in consuming unlicensed fitness products."