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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari Program Produk Unggulan Industri Kecamatan (Program Putri Kencana) terhadap peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah di Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis impact assessment dengan membandingkan kelompok yang memperoleh program dan yang tidak pada saat sebelum dan sesudah program.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program Putri Kencana di Kabupaten Bitar belum berjalan dengan baik dalam pemberian Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat (BLM), masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian dalam pemberian BLM berupa peralatan yang dibutuhkan oleh industri penerima bantuan sehingga tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Namun demikian dampak pemberian BLM telah menciptakan peningkatan pendapatan usaha, jumlah tenaga kerja dan jumlah produksi per bulan industri penerima manfaat program yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan industri bukan penerima manfaat program yaitu berturut-turut sebesar Rp 2.918.826,-, dua orang tenaga kerja, dan 1.238,714 kg per bulan.Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya perumusan strategi yang lebih baik untuk perbaikan Program Putri Kencana antara lain mencakup pemilihan industri, pemberian bantuan jenis peralatan, dan pemberian jenis pelatihan kepada industri penerima manfaat program.

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ABSTRACT

Program Featured Product Industrial District (Putri Kencana) is one of program of Blitar District Government to reduce poverty and unemployment through growth and development of industrial business activities in a group of micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM) in accordance with the potential of the rural districts.

The results of this reaserch is (1) the implementation of the Putri Kencana Program in the Bitar District is has not been going well respected community in the provision of Direct Assistance (BLM), where there are discrepancies in the provision of community grants in the form of equipment needed by the industry so that the recipient is not optimal in the use of equipment given. (2) the impact of the implementation of the Putri Kencana Program?s resulted in any difference per month income, employment numbers and production numbers per month of industrial of program beneficiaries is higher than the industry instead of program beneficiaries. Differences in income per month of the industrial beneficiaries program is Rp.2.918.826, -. Differences in the number of workers of industrial of program beneficiaries is 2 people. Difference in the amount of production per monthly of the industrial beneficiaries program amounted to 1238.714 Kg.

In this study suggest the implementation of the Putri Kencana Program?s is necessary to formulate a strategy for improvements the future Putri Kencana Program?s is the accuracy and precision in a variety of things such as the selection of the industry; granting relief type of equipment, and the provision of training to the beneficiaries industry."

"Tesis ini membahas dampak ekonomi dan fiskal Pembangunan Pelabuhan Khusus Ekspor Batubara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif menggunakan Data Tabel Input-Output Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2011 untuk menghitung dampak ekonomi serta proyeksi sederhana untuk menghitung dampak fiskal berupa potensi peningkatan royalti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan Pelabuhan Khusus Ekspor Batubara ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, karena mampu menciptakan peningkatan output, nilai tambah bruto, pendapatan masyarakat, dan lapangan kerja yang cukup signifikan. Dampak ekonomi terhadap penciptaan output selama kurun waktu 2015-2027 sebesar Rp. 168.247,87 miliar, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat sebesar Rp. 29.148,08 miliar, penciptaan nilai tambah bruto sebesar Rp. 119.161,15 miliar, dan penciptaan lapangan kerja sebanyak 148,77 ribu orang. Terkait dampak fiskal, keberadaan Pelabuhan Khusus Ekspor Batubara akan meningkatkan pengawasan yang berdampak pada pengurangan opportunity losses dan berdasarkan hasil simulasi, semakin besar pengurangan ekspor batubara ilegal maka akan meningkatkan potensi penerimaan PNBP dalam bentuk royalti.

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This thesis discusses the impact of Coal Export Port Development to East Kalimantan Province economy. This research is quantitative descriptive design using Data Input-Output East Kalimantan Province in 2011 to measuring economic impact, and simple projection method to measuring fiscal impact. The results showed that the development of Coal Exports Port have a positive impact on the East Kalimantan Province economy, because it can create an increase in output, gross value added, public revenue, and employment significantly. The economic impact of the creation of the output amounting to Rp. 168,247.87 billion, increased public revenue amounting to Rp. 29148.08 billion, the creation of gross value added amounted to Rp. 119,161.15 billion, and job creation amounted to 148.77 thousand. Related fiscal impact, the existence of Coal Exports Port will increase supervision to reduction of opportunity losses, and based on simulation results, the greater the reduction in illegal coal exports will increase non-tax revenue potential in the form of royalties."

"ABSTRAKPemerintah Indonesia dewasa ini menunjukan fokus pembangunan pada infrastruktur dengan gencarnya proyek pembangunan infrastruktur dan berbagai langkah kebijakan terkait yang diambil. Berbagai studi empiris telah menjelaskan peranan penting infrastruktur terhadap pembangunan perekonomian. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat PUPR merupakan salah satu kementerian/lembaga K/L yang bertanggung jawab dalam penyediaan infrastruktur dan mendapatkan porsi alokasi belanja infrastruktur terbesar dalam APBN. Studi ini mencoba untuk melihat seperti apa peranan infrastruktur dalam lingkup Kementerian PUPR serta dampak yang timbul dari alokasi anggaran infrastruktur Kementerian PUPR dari APBN terhadap perekonomian nasional. Studi ini menggunakan metode analisis input-output IO dengan menggunakan data Tabel IO Konstruksi Kementerian PUPR tahun 2015. Hasil analisis menunjukan infrastruktur dalam lingkup Kementerian PUPR memiliki keterkaitan dengan sektor hulu yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sektor hilirnya. Selain itu, infrastruktur Kementerian PUPR memiliki potensi dampak ekonomi yang besar, baik terhadap penciptaan output, nilai tambah bruto NTB, pendapatan masyarakat maupun penyerapan tenaga kerja. Alokasi anggaran infrastruktur Kementerian PUPR dapat diprioritaskan di Ditjen Perumahan untuk memaksimalkan peningkatan output dan pendapatan masyarakat, di Ditjen Bina Marga untuk memaksimalkan NTB, atau di Ditjen Cipta Karya untuk memaksimalkan peningkatan tenaga kerja.

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ABSTRACTNowadays, Indonesian government shows the focus of development on infrastructure with massive infrastructure development projects and various related policy actions that taken. Empirical studies have explained the important role of infrastructure for economic development. Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing PUPR is one of the ministries agencies responsible for the provision of infrastructure with the largest portion of infrastructure spending allocations from the state budget. This study tries to see the roles of infrastructure within the scope of the PUPR ministry as well as the impact of infrastructure budget allocation of PUPR ministry from state budget on the national economy. This study uses input output analysis method with PUPR Ministry 39s Construction input output table data of 2015. The analysis shows that infrastructure under PUPR ministries has a higher linkage with upstream sector than the downstream sector. In addition, infrastructure under PUPR ministry has a large economic impact potential, whether the creation of output, gross value added GVA, society income, or employment. Infrastructure budget allocation of PUPR ministry can be prioritized at Directorate General of Housing to maximize the increase of output and income, at Directorate General of Highways to maximize the increase of GVA, or at Directorate General of Human Settlements to maximize the increase of employment."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang dampak pembangunan jalan tol Jakarta ?Cikampek terhadap kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat di Kabupaten Bekasi danKabupaten Karawang tahun 1980 ? 1998. Dalam penelitian ini, penulismenggunakan pendekatan sejarah sebagai metode penelitian yang terbagi dalamempat tahapan antara lain: Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi, dan Historiografi. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam proses pembangunan jalan tol Jakarta ?Cikampek terdapat dinamika yang terjadi di masyarakat khususnya mengenaiganti rugi pembebasan lahan yang digunakan untuk pembangunan jalan toltersebut. Akan tetapi, pembangunan jalan tol juga memberikan dampak ekonomiterutama dalam meningkatkan sektor industri dan jumlah tenaga kerja bagimasyarakat di Kabupaten Bekasi dan Kabupaten Karawang yang secara langsungdilalui pembangunan jalan tol tersebut.

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ABSTRACTThis research discusses about the impact development of Jakarta ? CikampekHighway again economic life of society in the Bekasi and Karawang regency in1980 ? 1998. He authors used historical approach as method of research which isdevide into for stages include: Heuristics, Criticism, Interpretation, andHistoriography. The result of this research shows that in the process ofdevelopment Jakarta ? Cikampek Highway there are dynamics that occur in thesociety, especially regarding land acquisition compensation which is used for thedevelopment that?s Highway. However, the development of Highway also provideeconomic impact, especially in the increasing of industrial sector and the numberof workers for the people in Bekasi and Karawang regency which directly passedby development of that highway.;"

"Penelitian ini dimotivasi oleh visi Kota Bekasi yang tercantum dalam Rencana Strategis Kota Bekasi Tahun 2003 - 2008, yaitu sebagai kota yang ?Unggul dalam Jasa dan Perdagangan yang Bernuansa Ihsan?. Visi daerah inilah yang merupakan perwujudan keinginan dan harapan dari Kota Bekasi dalam jangka panjang. Untuk itu perlu upaya agar kondisi yang menjadi keinginan dan harapan dapat diwujudkan di masa yang akan datang.Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis kondisi perekonomian di Kota Bekasi dan berusaha mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor strategis yang dapat dikembangkan dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bekasi serta menganalisis kebijakan yang ditetapkan dalam dokumen perencanaan daerah. Sektor strategis yang dikembangkan adalah sektor yang memiliki keunggulan ekonomi di wilayah Kota Bekasi sendiri maupun dalam lingkup Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Nasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam analisis perekonomian ini adalah analisis pertumbuhan dan kontribusi sektoral dalam PDRB, analisis LQ, analisis Shift Share, dan Multiplier. Sedangkan untuk strategi pengembangannya digunakan analisis SWOT.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor yang strategis untuk dikembangkan di Kota Bekasi adalah Sektor Industri Pengolahan, Sub Sektor Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran serta Sub Sektor Pengangkutan, terutama Jasa Penunjang Angkutan. Strategi yang sebaiknya diambil dalam pengembangan potensi unggulan untuk jangka pendek adalah ?sosialisasi potensi daerah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan memanfaatkan posisi strategis Kota Bekasi?. Sedangkan untuk jangka panjang adalah "optimalisasi anggaran pendukung pembangunan melalui peningkatan kapasitas dan kualitas infrastruktur maupun jaringan transportasi serta pelayanan publik lainnya". Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada ketidaksesuaian antara visi dan misi Tahun 2003 - 2008 dengan kondisi perekonomian di Kota Bekasi saat ini. Bidang jasa yang merupakan salah satu prioritas belum menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan, baik dari Sektor Jasa-jasa maupun Sektor Keuangan, Persewaan dan Jasa Perusahaan.

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This research is motivated by the vision contained in Strategic Plan of Bekasi City in 2003 - 2008, namely as a city that "Superior in Service and Trade with Ihsan (religious) nuance". The vision of this area is a manifestation of the wishes and expectations of the Bekasi City in the long term. It is necessary to make serious effort to achieve what we wish and hopes so it can be realized in the future.The research attempts to analyze economic conditions in Bekasi City and try to identify the strategic sectors that can be developed in accelerating the economic growth in the city and also to analyze the policies that were defined in regional planning documents. Strategic sectors that are going to be developed are the sectors that have economic advantages in the area of the city itself or within the scope of West Java Province and National. The approaches used in this analysis are economic growth and contribution by sector in the GDP, LQ analysis, shift share analysis and multiplier. And for its development strategy, SWOT analysis is used.The results showed that strategic sectors for development are Manufacturing Sector, Sub Sector of Wholesale and Retail Trade and also Sub Sector of Transportation, especially in Services Supported to Transport. The strategy that should be taken in developing the potential sectors in the short term is "the socialization of local products improvement and try to utilize the strategic position of Bekasi City which is close to Jakarta as the capital of the nation". As for the long term the strategy is "to optimize the development budget to increase the capacity building and quantity of infrastructure such as to build transportation network and other public services". The analysis also showed there is a mismatch between vision and mission of the Year 2003 - 2008 with the economic conditions in Bekasi City. Services sectors which is one of the priorities in Bekasi City has not shown significant contribution, both from the Services or Financial, Real Estate and Business Services Sectors."

"[ABSTRAKKegiatan produksi tahu menimbulkan panas dan bau dari asap dan dari air limbahyang dihasilkan selama proses produksi. Kayu bakar yang digunakan dalamproses produksi di industri tahu dapat mempengaruhi luas penebangan hutanuntuk permintaan kayu bakar, dengan mengasumsikan semua kayu yangdigunakan untuk keperluan produksi industri tahu di lokasi penelitian berasal darihutan. Kegiatan produksi di industri tahu menimbulkan dampak lingkungan dandampak sosial, padahal pengelola industri tahu berkewajiban menjaga lingkungan,misalnya dengan menginternalisasi biaya eksternal dari kegiatan produksinya.Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dampak industri tahu pada ekonomi, sosial,dan lingkungan di Jakarta. Analisis data berupa narasi deskriptif. Penelitiandilakukan di wilayah Karang Tengah, dan di PIK Semanan. Hasil penelitian; 1)Pembuangan limbah cair tahu tanpa pengolahan dapat mengganggu kehidupanbiota perairan; 2) Kegiatan di pabrik tahu menimbulkan biaya sosial yangdikeluarkan warga yang tinggal di sekitarnya; 3) Keberadaan industri tahumembantu penyerapan tenaga kerja pada masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya;4) Internalisasi biaya eksternal berupa biaya lingkungan mengakibatkanpenurunan pendapatan industri tahu.

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ABSTRACTTofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.;Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry., Tofu production activity producing heat and stink from the smoke and tofuwastewater that arouse during the process. Firewood used during tofu productionprocess effects the amount of deforestation, assuming the woods used are entirelytaken from the woods. Production activity in tofu industry causing environmentaleffect and social effect, whereas the managers should be protecting theenvironment, for example, by internalizing the external cost caused by theproduction activities. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of tofuindustry to economy, social, and environment in Jakarta. Data analysis usingdescriptive narrative method. Research locations are Karang Tengah, and PIKSemanan. Research results: 1) Tofu wastewater disposal without propermanagement will disturbing water organism; 2) The activity in tofu industry willprocure social costs which will spend by the residents near tofu factory; 3) Tofuindustry helps in giving employment to residents near them; 4) Internalization ofexternal cost from environmental cost will decrease profit for tofu industry.]"

"DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu propinsi di Indonesia yang sangat diminati oleh banyak investor haik asing maupun nasional, untuk mendirikan dan mengembangkan usahanya dalam bentuk perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing/Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMA/PMDN). Dalam rangka menarik investasi PMA/PMDN, Pemerintah telah menerbitkan berbagai kebijaksanaan yang berkaitan dengan Penanaman Modal, yang terakhir dengan diterbitkannya SK Presiden RI No. 117 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan kedua atas Keputusan Presiden No. 97 Tahun 1993 tentang Tata Cara Penanaman Modal, berdasarkan Keputusan tersebut di atas ditetapkan bahwa permohonan persetujuan dan perizinan pelaksanaan Penanaman Modal dilimpahkan kepada Ketua BKPMD atas nama Gubernur sebagai Kepala Daerah. Berdasarkan banyaknya jumlah proyek dan investasi dari perusahaan PMA/PMDN yang umumnya berskala menengah dan besar, penanaman modal di DKI Jakarta secara langsung berdampak positif dalam memperluas kesempatan kerja dan meningkatkan peluang berwirausaha atau berusaha skala kecil, namun perlu upaya pencegahan dini (preventiv) dengan instrumen-instrumen penataan ruang, AMDAL, penetapan bahan mutu lingkungan ekonomi dan audit lingkungan yang mekanisme pengaturannya dilakukan melalui perizinan pembangunan.Sesuai dengan identifikasi masalah, penelitian ini difokuskan pada masalah berbagai paktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL di DKI Jakarta. Berdasarkan pada pembatasan masalah, maka masalah yang akan diteliti untuk dipecahkan dan didapatkan jawabannya adalah seberapa jauh hubungan antara peranan BKPMD dengan pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL di DKI Jakarta. Sedangkan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk :

1. menjelaskan pertumbuhan PMA/PMDN di DKI Jakarta dalam kurun waktu tahun 1993 sampai dengan tahun 1997.
2. menelaah dampak pertumbuhan PMAIPMDN terhadap lingkungan hidup.
3. menganalisis hubungan antara BKPMD dengan tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan AMDAL di DKI Jakarta selama tahun 1993 hingga tahun 1997.

Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian post facto. Dalam penelitian post facto, peneliti tidak memanipulasi variable babas, lebih tepatnya variabel babas ditentukan terlebih dahulu. Lokasi penelitian lapangan di DKl Jakarta antara lain Kawasan industri Pulogadung, Kawasan Berikat Nusantara, serta lokasi-lokasi lainnya dimana perusahaan PMA/PMDN melakukan kegiatannya dalam berproduksi, sebanyak 15 (lima belas) perusahaan.Analisis kuantitatif untuk pengujian hipotesis penelitian (ha) dilakukan dengan menetapkan variabel penelitian menjadi 3 {tiga) variabel babas yakni kebijakan AMDAL, peranan BKPMD, dan perilaku perusahaan PMA/PMDN serta 1 (satu) variabel terikat yaitu tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL. Adapun 3 (tiga) hipotesis penelitian (ha) untuk diuji berdasarkan koefisien korelasi urutan jenjang Spearman Rho (p), masing-masing adalah:

1. terdapat hubungan antara kebijakan AMDAL dengan tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL, yang ditunjukan oleh angka P= -0,678.
2. terdapat hubungan antara peranan BKPMD dengan tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL. yang menghasilkan angka p = - 0,534.
3. terdapat hubungan antara perilaku perusahaan PMA/PMDN dengan tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan kebijakan AMDAL, berlandaskan 2 (dua) tolok ukur di mana :
   • perilaku mencerminkan partisipasi, menunjukkan angka p = -0,713.
   • perilaku mencerminkan tekad dan persetujuan, menunjukkan angka p = -0,538.

Penanaman modal di DKI Jakarta pada periode tahun 1993 sampai dengan tahun 1997 untuk perusahaan PMA/PMDN, masing-masing mencapai jumlah persetujuan PMA terendah pada tahun 1994 yakni 98 Proyek dengan rencana 1,290,830.20 (Ribu US $) dan jumlah persetujuan PMA tertinggi pada tahun 1996 yakni 294 Proyek dengan rencana investasi sebesar 3,752,123.50 Ribu US $ sedangkan nilai persetujuan PMDN terendah pada tahun 1993 dengan 123 proyek dan jumlah rencana investasi sebesar 7,652.394.10 (Rp. Juta) dan jumlah persetujuan tertinggi PMDN pada tahun 1996 dengan jumlah proyek 193 dan jumlah tertinggi rencana investasi sebesar 16,660,415.60 (Rp. Juta). Terjadinya pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan selama tahun 1997 yakni 345 kasus pencemaran. Jumlah di atas mencerminkan kasus pencemaran lingkungan belum dapat sepenuhnya ditekan agar mencapai jumlah minimal. Kasus pencemaran/kerusakan lingkungan di DKI Jakarta terlihat dengan jelas bahwa kecenderungannya stabil pada Tahun 1993-1994, tetapi pada Tahun 1996-1997 mengalami kenaikan yang drastis, meskipun pada Gambar Grafik 14 dan 15 jumlah investasi mengalami penurunan.Untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan, serta mengantisipasi berbagai isu pokok berkaitan dengan masalah lingkungan di DKI Jakarta, telah ditempuh langkah langkah melalui berbagai program yakni melalui Program Kali Bersih (Prokasih), program Penataan Daerah Pengaliran Sungai (DPS) ini dititik beratkan pada penertiban sumber limbah yang berada didekat badan sungai, seperti penertiban lokasi pembuangan sampah sementara (LPS) dan penertiban MCK gantung di sisi sungai, agar sumber limbah tersebut dapat mengurangi beban limbah di dalam sungai dimaksud, program Penghijauan dan Keindahan Kota, penghijauan taman kota pada jalur jalur jalan, bantaran sungai serta program sejuta pohon oleh Pemerintah Daerah atau juga melalui kerjasama dengan masyarakat setempat balk Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) tertentu maupun organisasi lainnya. BKPMD DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu aparatur pembina dan pengawas dalam pencegahan pencemaran dan perusakan lingkungan, dengan titik berat tugas dan tanggung jawab pada pengembangan penanaman modal (investasi) utamanya PMA/PMDN, sehingga penanaman modal meningkat dan pengelolaan lingkungan berjalan sebagaimana mestinya atau sesuai ketetapan perizinan. Tugas dan tanggung jawab BKPMD DKI Jakarta untuk mengembangkan penanaman modal dan pengelolaan lingkungan, sehubungan dengan hal tersebut di atas, BKPMD DKI Jakarta bersama instansi terkait di lingkungan Pemda DKI Jakarta antara lain Bapedalda khusus dalam perianganan AMDAL, menjaga dan menghilangkan berbagai kesan negatif misalnya :

1. proses penyelesaian AMDAL relatif berlarut-larut, sehingga sering terdengar AMDAL menghambat iklim investasi;
2. AMDAL yang semula bertujuan untuk mengendalikan dampak lingkungan, justru hanya dijadikan sebagai persyaratan administratif dalam rangka perizinan;
3. tidak jarang ditemui suatu kegiatan investasi (kegiatan bisnis) yang sudah dilengkapi dokumen AMDAL, namun ternyata terus berlangsung pencemaran lingkungan sebagai akibat kegiatan bisnis tersebut.

BKPMD DKI Jakarta berperan di dalam pelaksanaan AMDAL, melalui pemberian izin prinsip PMAIPMDN, pengawasaan di lapangan, juga terlibat di dalam Tim Komisi AMDAL, sehingga mempunyai posisi yang sangat srtategis di dalam penerbitan izin utamanya bagi perusahaan PMA/PMDN yang akan berinvestasi di DKI Jakarta, sesuai dengan kebijakan Pemda DKI Jakarta bahwa Industri yang diperbolehkan investasi di Jakarta adalah yang tidak membutuhkan lahan terlalu banyak, tidak terlalu banyak menyerap air tanah, tidak menimbulkan polusiltidak mencemarai lingkungan, berteknologi tinggi, dan banyak menyerap tenaga kerja. Dari uraian di atas tersebut dapat dikatakan pertumbuhan PMA/PMDN pada tahun 1997 menurun, sedangkan kasus pencemaran Iingkungan meningkat pada tahun 1997. Untuk itu BKPMD sangat berperan di dalam mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan, melalui bidang Perizinan dan bidang Pengawasan yang terdapat di BKPMD dan wajib memberlakukan kebijakan AMDAL beriandaskan PP 51/1993 tentang AMDAL dan UU 23/1997 tentang pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, sehingga peningkatan jumlah PMA/PMDN dimaksud mestinya setara kemampuan melestarikan lingkungan. Karena BKPMD membina perusahaan yang berpasilitas PMA/PMDN perlu kiranya BKPMD diberikan kewenangan yang lebih luas lagi dalam menindak perusahaan yang mencemari lingkungan, khususnya perusahaan PMA/PMDN, mengingat saat ini telah ada ± 4.000 perusahaan PMA/PMDN yang beroperasi di DKI Jakarta.Untuk selalu terjaganya kelestarian lingkungan utamanya dalam rangka ketertiban pengendalian pencemaran oleh industri dan perorangan, perlu dibentuk polisi lingkungan atau layaknya seperti polisi kehutanan (jagawana) dan polisi pariwisata, yang dapat langsung bertindak di lapangan bila melihat langsung perusahaan yang mencemari lingkungan serta membuang limbahnya dengan sembarangan.

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Several Factors Which Affect The Implementation Of The EIA Policies In DKI Jakarta (Period 1993-1997)DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is very attractive to many investors foreign as well as domestic, to establish and develop their business in the from of Foreign investment/Domestic Investment. To Attract the PMA/PMDN investment the Government issued various policies related to Investment, the latest being the issued various policies related to Investment, the latest being the issuance of the Decree of the President of the Republic Of Indonesia No. 117 Year 1999 re the Second change on the Presidential Decree No. 97 Year 1993 re the Procedures on investment, Based on said Decree it was stipulated that application for approval and the permits for implementation on Investment was transferred to the Chairman of the BKPMD (Regional Investment Coordinating Board) in the name of the Governor as the Head of the Region. Based on the number of projects and investment of PMA/PMDN business which are generally of the medium and large scale, the capital investment in DKI Jakarta directly have a positive impact in the expansion of work opportunities and increase the opportunity to engage in business or do business on small scale, However, it will require early preventive measures through instruments for organizing the space, AMDAL (Environmental Impact Analysis) the decision for the standard quality of the economic environment and environmental audit the mechanism of which is implemented through construction permits.In accordance with the identification of the problem, this research is focused to the problem of several factors which affect the implementation of policies on AMDAL in L'KI Jakarta. Based on the scope of the problem, the problem to be researched for a solution and to obtain the answer on how far is the relationship between the roles of the BKPMD (Regional Investment Coordinating Board) with the implementation of the policies on AMDAL in DKI Jakarta. While this research has the purpose to:

1. Explain the growth the PMA/PMDN in DKI Jakarta in the period 1993 up to and inclusive 1997.
2. Review the impact of the growth of the PMA/PMDN on the living environment.
3. Analyze the relation between the BKPMD with the in-effectiveness of the AMDAL implementation in DKI Jakarta during the years 1993 up to 1997.

The research method used is the post-facto research method. In the post-facto research, the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable, more exactly the independent variable was determined earlier. The location of the field survey was in DKI Jakarta, among others at the industrial estate Pulogadung, the Bonded Zone Nusantara and other locations where the PMA/PMDN business undertake their activities in production, altogether 15 (fifteen) companies.The quantitative analysis to test the research hypothesis (ha) is done determining the research variable into 3 (three) independent variable, that are the AMDAL policies, the role of the BKPMD, and the attitude of the PMAIPMDN companies and 1 (one) dependent variable that is the ineffectiveness in the implementation of the AMDAL policies. The 3 (three) research hypotheses to be tested based on the Spearman Rho (p) sequential level correlation coefficient are:

1. There is a relationship between the EIA policies with the in-effectiveness in the implementation of the EIA policies, which is shown by the figure P =-3,678.
2. There is a relationship between the role of the EIA with the in-effectiveness in the implementation of the EIA policies, which results in the figure P=-0,534.
3. There is relationship between the attitude of the PMA/PMDN companies with the in-effectiveness in the implementation of the EIA policies, based on 2 (two) measurement standards where:
   • the attitude reflected participation, showing the figure p = -0,713.
   • the attitude reflected commitment and agreement, showing a figure of p =-0,538.

The capital investment in DKI Jakarta in the period 1993 up to and inclusive 1997 for PMA/PMDN, research to lowest level of approval for PMA in 1994 with 98 project and planned investment of 1,290,830.20 (Thousand US$) and the highest PMA approval in 1996 with 294 project with planned investment of 3,752,123.50 (Thousand US$), while the lowest PMDN approval was in 1993 with 123 projects with planned investment of 7,652,394.10 (million Rp.) and the highest PMDN approval in 1996 with 193 project with planned investment of 16,660,415.60 (million Rp.). The existence of pollution and environmental damage during 1997 were 345 cases of environmental pollution could not be suppressed to a minimum. The cases of pollution and environmental damage in DKI Jakarta is clearly evident from the tendency to be stable in the years 1993-1994, but in 1996-1997 suffered a drastic increase, although the graphs 14 and 15 showed that investments suffered a decrease.To overcome the problem of pollution and environmental damage and anticipate several main issues related with the problem of environment in DKI Jakarta, several steps were taken through various programs like Clean River Program (Prokasih), Management of the River Basins Program (DPS), which emphasizes on the orderliness of waste source located close to the river body, like the arrangements of the temporary waste disposal dumps and orderliness of the toilets alongside the rivers, so the waste source can decrease the burden of waste in said rivers, the roads, river banks and the one million tree program by the Regional Government or even through the cooperation with the local community, with certain Non-Government Organizations as well with other organizations. The BKPMD DKI Jakarta is one of the guiding and supervising institutions in the prevention of pollution and environmental damage, with the focus on the task and-responsibility to the development of capital investment (especially PMA/PMDN), so capital investment will increase and the environmental management can be executed as it should be or in accordance with the conditions in the permits. The task and the environmental management, related to the issue above, the BKPMD DKI Jakarta with the other related institutions in the DKI Jakarta Government among others the Regional Environmental Impact Agency (Bapedalda), especially in the handing of the AMDAL, Should maintain erase some negative images like:the process for completing the EIA is relatively dragging on, so it is often heard that the EIA hinder the investment climate; EIA which initially has the objective to control the environmental impact, is just made into an administrative requirement to obtain a permit; it is often discovered that an investment activity which were completed with the EIA documents, but in actuality continues to pollute the environment as a result of the production activities.The BKPMD DKl Jakarta plays a role in the implementation of the EIA through the issuance of the PMA/PMDN principal permit, supervision in the field, also involved in the EIA Committee Team, so it occupies a very strategic position in the issuance of the principal permit for PMA/PMDN businesses which will invest in DKI Jakarta, in accordance with the policy of the land, does not consume to much ground water, does not generate pollution/pollute the environment, high technology and can absorb the labor force. From the analysis above it can be stated that the growth of the PMA/PMDN was declining in 1997, while the case of environmental pollution increased in 1997 for this the BKPMD has an important role to prevent the incidence of environmental pollution through the issuance of permits and supervision found at the BKPMD and should implement the AMDAL policy based on Government Regulation 5111993 re EIA and the law 23/1997 re management of the human environment, so the increase in the number of PMA/PMDN as meant should be equal to capacity of preserving the environment.Because the BKPMD provides guidance to the business enjoying facilities of the PMAIPMDN in should be given more extensive authorization to take actions against companies which are polluting the environment, especially PMA/PMDN companies, considering that at present there are around 4,000 PMA/PMDN companies operating in DKI Jakarta.To always maintain the preservation of the environment especially in the framework to organize the control over pollution by the industry and individuals, it is necessary to form the environmental police or more likely like the forest wardens and the tourist police, who can act immediately in the field if discovering a company which pollutes the environment and through away its waste haphazardly."

"ABSTRACTThis research aim to analyze the sources of changes in sectoral output in Indonesia in the periods from 1975-1985, 1985-1995, and 1995-2003, as well as to understand and measure the contribution of end demand, technology and synergy to total change in economic output in these periods. The decomposition output approach was used to measure the effect of end demand, technology and synergy. The research used the 66 sector total transaction input-output table from 1975 to 2003. The research found that end demand dominated the change in output during these periods, while technology played a relatively small role. Despite this, the role of end demand in period III (1995-2003) fell to 59.73% from 87.64% in period I (1973-1985)."

"Semenjak pertengahan Repelita Keempat, tahun anggaran 1986/87, beban pembayaran kewajiban pinjaman luar negeri sektor pemerintah telah melampaui jumlah pinjaman baru yang diperoleh. Hal ini memberi dorongan untuk menyelidiki apakah penerapan suatu pola pengelolaan/manajemen yang optimal atas pinjaman luar negeri mampu meningkatkan aktivitas perekonomian secara makro, dan di lain pihak, apakah peningkatan aktivitas perekonomian tersebut pada gilirannya mampu memperbaiki kemampuan pembayaran kembali pinjaman luar negeri tersebut. Studi yang dilakukan diawali dengan penyusunan suatu Model Simultan Makro Ekonomi Indonesia. Selanjutnya model tersebut diuji secara ekonometris untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam mereplikasi Perekonomian Indonesia selama kurun waktu antara tahun 1970 hingga 1991. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa model tersebut mampu mereplikasi dengan baik Perekonomian Indonesia, yang bercirikan 'oil-exporter, small-economic, and heavily indebted country'. Tahap selanjutnya, model tersebut digunakan sebagai landasan perencanaan, yang dalam hal ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan berbagai kondisi hipotetis (asumtif) yang mewakili berbagai langkah kebijakan makro ekonomi. Efek penerapan kondisi hipotetis ini dilihat pada enam indikator target variabel yang sebagian mencerminkan aktivitas perekonomian dan sebagian lagi mencerminkan beban pinjaman luar negeri. Temuan yang diperoleh, ternyata menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan-kebijakan baik di bidang fiskal, moneter, maupun perdagangan, masing-masing membawa manfaat dan ekses (side effect) yang berbeda-beda. Dengan demikian para perencana dan penentu kebijakan perlu menyesuaikan pilihan kebijakannya sesuai dengan tujuan yang hendak dicapai, dan di lain pihak perlu menjaga agar ekses dari pilihan kebijakan tersebut dapat diantisipasi. Dikaitkan dengan pembuktian hipotesa utama dalam tulisan ini, hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan pinjaman luar negeri yang optimum mampu meningkatkan aktivitas perekonomian (hipotesa pertama). Temuan kedua menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang erat antara meningkatnya aktivitas perekonomian dengan kemampuan membayar kembali pinjaman luar negeri (hipotesa kedua). Hasil-hasil temuan tersebut kiranya bermanfaat dalam mengungkapkan suatu strategi perencanaan untuk pengelolaan pinjaman luar negeri yang terangkai dengan struktur makro ekonomi."