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"Buku yang berjudul "Handbook of coronary care" ini ditulis oleh Joseph S. Alpert dan Gary S. Francis. Buku ini merupakan sebuah buku panduan mengenai penanganan penyakit jantung."

"This book presents a comprehensive picture of ischemic heart disease for practitioners, students, and investigators dealing with the varied facets of this complex subject. Individual chapters introduce the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and cardiac development, while others consider current imaging modalities utilized for ischemic heart disease, including stress echo, nuclear diagnostic tests, non-invasive coronary artery imaging, and coronary angiography. Imaging chapters provide key clinical information on techniques and indications, and include examples of both normal and abnormal patterns. The principle thrust of the book concerns coronary atherosclerosis, the pathology of which is presented in conjunction with the results of anatomic, non-invasive imaging and angiographic studies. Related chapters cover atherogenesis, presenting new insights into the pathophysiology of the vulnerable plaque, the role of progenitor cells in vascular injury, inflammation and atherogenesis, and the genomics of vascular remodeling. Additional topics covered include angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes, healed myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, catheter-based and surgical revascularization, and surgical treatment of myocardial infarction and its sequelae. With contributions from a diverse group of internationally-known physicians with broad experience in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kejadian mortalitas dan MACE merupakan komplikasi pasca PCI yang seringkali terjadi. Kemampuan ahli dalam memprediksi komplikasi dengan cara melakukan stratifikasi risiko menggunakan skor risiko. New Mayo Clinic Risk Score (NMCRS) menggunakan tujuh variabel yang mudah didapatkan pada data awal pasien dan memiliki performa yang baik. Belum ada studi untuk karakteristik mortalitas dan MACE pada NMCRS di ICCU RSCM.Tujuan : mengetahui insidens mortalitas dan MACE serta karakteristik NMCRS pada pasien pasca PCI selama perawatan di ICCU RSCM.Metode : Penelitian dengan desain kohort retrospektif terhadap 313 pasien SKA pasca PCI di ICCU RSCM, dalam kurun waktu 1 Agustus 2013? 31 Agustus 2014. Data pasien dari rekam medis dimasukkan ke dalam tujuh variabel skor NMCRS kemudian ditentukan hasil setiap kategori risiko.Hasil : Insidens mortalitas pasien pasca PCI selama perawatan 3,8% (IK 95% 2,6;5) dan MACE pasca PCI selama perawatan 8,3% (IK 95% 6,6;10). Pasien-pasien dengan usia yang semakin tua, fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri yang rendah, infark miokard, kreatinin serum yang meningkat, adanya syok kardiogenik pra prosedur, dan adanya penyakit arteri perifer memiliki kejadian mortalitas dan MACE yang lebih tinggi pasca PCI. Skor NMCRS untuk mortalitas menunjukkan kategori risiko sangat rendah 167 pasien (53%), risiko rendah 60 pasien (19%), sedang 47 pasien (15%), tinggi 10 pasien (3%) dan risiko sangat tinggi 29 pasien (9%). Kejadian mortalitas pada kategori risiko sangat rendah 2 kasus (1,2%), rendah 0 pasien, sedang 2 pasien (4,25%), tinggi 1 pasien (10%) dan sangat tinggi 7 kasus (24,13%). Skor NMCRS untuk MACE memberikan hasil kategori sangat rendah 101 pasien (32%), risiko rendah 128 pasien (41%), sedang 52 pasien (17%), tinggi 16 pasien (5%) dan sangat tinggi 16 kasus (5%). Kejadian MACE untuk risiko sangat rendah sebanyak 4 kasus (3,96%), rendah 7 pasien (5,46%), sedang 4 pasien (7,69%), tinggi 5 pasien (31,25%) dan risiko sangat tinggi 6 kasus (37,5%).Kesimpulan : insidens mortalitas pasien pasca PCI selama perawatan 3,8% (IK 95% 2,6;5) dan MACE pasca PCI selama perawatan 8,3% (IK 95% 6,6;10). Kenaikan skor NMCRS maka akan diiringi peningkatan kejadian mortalitas dan MACE pasca PCI.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Mortality and MACE was an often complication post PCI. Capability from an expert in predict complication by doing risk stratification using risk score. New Mayo Clinic Risk Score (NMCRS) using seven variables easy to collect from medical record and had a good performance. No report about mortality and MACE studies NMCRS characteristic for post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Objective : To obtain mortality and MACE incidence and also NMCRS characteristic on post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate 313 post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM between August 1st 2013 and August 31 2014. Patients data from medical records collect for seven variables and determined category results for each risk category.Results : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and inhospital MACE post PCI 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6-10). Patients that getting older, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, increase serum creatinine, pre-procedure cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarct and peripheral arterial disease had higher mortality and MACE post PCI. NMCRS in predict risk of mortalitas shown for very low risk 167 patient (53%), low risk 60 patient (19%), moderate risk 47 patient (15%), high risk 10 patient (3%) and very high risk 29 patient (9%). Mortality in very low risk 2 patient (1,2%), low risk no patient, moderate 2 patient (4,25%), high 1 patient (10%) and very high risk 7 patient (24,13%). NMCRS in predict MACE shown for very low risk 101 patient (32%), low risk 128 patient (41%), moderate 52 patient (17%), high 16 patient (5%) very high risk 16 patient (5%). MACE in very low risk 4 patient (3,96%), low risk 7 patient (5,46%), moderate risk 4 patient (7,69%), high risk 5 patient (31,25%) and very high risk 6 patient (37,5%).Conclusion : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and in-hospital MACE post PCI incidence 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6;10). The increase of NMCRS score was also followed with the increase of mortality and MACE post PCI.;Background : Mortality and MACE was an often complication post PCI. Capability from an expert in predict complication by doing risk stratification using risk score. New Mayo Clinic Risk Score (NMCRS) using seven variables easy to collect from medical record and had a good performance. No report about mortality and MACE studies NMCRS characteristic for post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Objective : To obtain mortality and MACE incidence and also NMCRS characteristic on post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate 313 post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM between August 1st 2013 and August 31 2014. Patients data from medical records collect for seven variables and determined category results for each risk category.Results : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and inhospital MACE post PCI 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6-10). Patients that getting older, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, increase serum creatinine, pre-procedure cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarct and peripheral arterial disease had higher mortality and MACE post PCI. NMCRS in predict risk of mortalitas shown for very low risk 167 patient (53%), low risk 60 patient (19%), moderate risk 47 patient (15%), high risk 10 patient (3%) and very high risk 29 patient (9%). Mortality in very low risk 2 patient (1,2%), low risk no patient, moderate 2 patient (4,25%), high 1 patient (10%) and very high risk 7 patient (24,13%). NMCRS in predict MACE shown for very low risk 101 patient (32%), low risk 128 patient (41%), moderate 52 patient (17%), high 16 patient (5%) very high risk 16 patient (5%). MACE in very low risk 4 patient (3,96%), low risk 7 patient (5,46%), moderate risk 4 patient (7,69%), high risk 5 patient (31,25%) and very high risk 6 patient (37,5%).Conclusion : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and in-hospital MACE post PCI incidence 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6;10). The increase of NMCRS score was also followed with the increase of mortality and MACE post PCI., Background : Mortality and MACE was an often complication post PCI. Capability from an expert in predict complication by doing risk stratification using risk score. New Mayo Clinic Risk Score (NMCRS) using seven variables easy to collect from medical record and had a good performance. No report about mortality and MACE studies NMCRS characteristic for post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Objective : To obtain mortality and MACE incidence and also NMCRS characteristic on post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM.Methods : A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate 313 post PCI patients in ICCU RSCM between August 1st 2013 and August 31 2014. Patients data from medical records collect for seven variables and determined category results for each risk category.Results : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and inhospital MACE post PCI 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6-10). Patients that getting older, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, increase serum creatinine, pre-procedure cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarct and peripheral arterial disease had higher mortality and MACE post PCI. NMCRS in predict risk of mortalitas shown for very low risk 167 patient (53%), low risk 60 patient (19%), moderate risk 47 patient (15%), high risk 10 patient (3%) and very high risk 29 patient (9%). Mortality in very low risk 2 patient (1,2%), low risk no patient, moderate 2 patient (4,25%), high 1 patient (10%) and very high risk 7 patient (24,13%). NMCRS in predict MACE shown for very low risk 101 patient (32%), low risk 128 patient (41%), moderate 52 patient (17%), high 16 patient (5%) very high risk 16 patient (5%). MACE in very low risk 4 patient (3,96%), low risk 7 patient (5,46%), moderate risk 4 patient (7,69%), high risk 5 patient (31,25%) and very high risk 6 patient (37,5%).Conclusion : In-hospital mortality post PCI incidence 3,8% (CI 95% 2,6;5) and in-hospital MACE post PCI incidence 8,3% (CI 95% 6,6;10). The increase of NMCRS score was also followed with the increase of mortality and MACE post PCI.]"

"ABSTRACTCoronary Heart Disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality rate is increasing dramatically in the last 15 years in Indonesia. Available data show that among the contribution factor changes in life style and demographic transition are prominent.A hypothetical risk factor for CHD is lipid peroxidation, a reaction between oxygen free radical and lipid parts of cell membranes and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Food habit is following a pattern of nutrient and non-nutrient intakes, including fatty acids and antioxidants. Fatty acid intakes determine the susceptibility of the lipid parts of eell membranes and LDL to peroxidation by free radicals. Theoretically, antioxidants will protect against oxidative damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Commercially available and advertised antioxidants such as vitamin E are widely used inspite of limited information on the interrelation between lipid peroxide levels in the Indonesian elderly with CHD risk factors such as food habits, dyslipidemia and obesity.A two-phase study on the elderly (55-85 years.) guided by the health centers was undertaken in Jakarta. Data for both phases were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements, blood analysis and blood pressure measurements. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS and WorldFood 2 programs.The first phase was a cross-sectional study to see the association between lipid peroxides and fatty acids, vegetables, fruits, tempe intakes, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The samples were 394 elderly. The variables found correlated with lipid peroxides were LDL, intake of mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tempe, and vitamin E. The study showed an increase level of lipid peroxides with age and ethnic differences with the highest level of lipid peroxides among the Minangkabau.The second phase is a randomized double-blind trial giving 600 mg/day vitamin E supplementation or placebo for 12 weeks to 152 elderly with the high level of lipid peroxides found in the cross-sectional study. The objective was to see if there was a change of lipid peroxide levels after the intervention. The results showed a significant decrease of lipid peroxides level in the vitamin E group compared to placebo after being adjusted with age, waist-hip ratio (WHR), plasma cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids (SAFA) intake. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) was also increased significantly in the vitamin E group compared to placebo group.Randomized controlled trial taking into account the confounding variables such as age, sex, ethnic, waist-hip ratio, saturated fat intake, carbohydrate intake and plasma cholesterol might be able to elucidate the specific beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation. Health education and information concerning foods that have effect on lipid peroxidation, such as tempe should be endorsed. More studies should be undertaken to find other food or beverage that have protecting effects against lipid peroxides."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner PJK adalah penyakit pada jantung yang terjadi karena otot jantung mengalami penurunan suplai darah. Kurangnya pengetahuan pasien mengenai faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner berkaitan dengan terjadinya serangan jantung berulang yang akan berdampak pada meningkatnya biaya perawatan dan psikologis pasien yaitu depresi, bahkan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi ataupun kematian. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan cross- sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 67 orang dengan diagnosis penyakit jantung koroner. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode non- probability sampling yaitu consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner dengan serangan jantung berulang p= 0,43, 0,05. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner dengan frekuensi serangan jantung berulang p=0,57, 0,05 . Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemberian edukasi yang disertai dengan motivasi kepada pasien untuk dapat mengubah perilaku sehingga memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi untuk mengontrol faktor risiko dengan mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari agar terhindar dari serangan jantung berulang.

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a disease caused by an imbalance between blood supply and heart muscle oxygen demand. Insufficient knowledge about risk factors contributing to CAD is associated with higher recurrence of heart attack, causing the rise of the hospitalitation cost, depression, others complications even death. This study employed comparative descriptive design with cross sectional method, involving a consecutive sample of 67 patients with CAD as their primary diagnosis. Our study showed that there was no relationship between knowledge of CAD risk factors with the recurrence of heart attacks p 0,43, 0,05. Similarly, the study revealed that there was no relationship between risk factors for coronary heart disease and the frequency of heart attack's recurrence p 0,57 0,05 . This study suggested nurses to provide health education along with continuous and effective motivation in order to help patients controlling their risk factors in order to avoid the recurrence of heart attack."

"Menurut badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2015, sebanyak 70% penyebab kematian pada penyakit jantung disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Tercatat 17,5 juta kematian atau setara dengan 30,0 % dari total kematian di dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner (WHO, 2017). Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan gangguan fungsi jantung yang disebabkan adanya plaque yang menumpuk di dalam pembuluh darah arteri sehingga mengganggu supply oksigen ke jantung. Hal ini menyebabkan aliran darah ke otot jantung menjadi berkurang dan terjadi defisiensi oksigen. Pada keadaan yang lebih serius dapat mengakibatkan serangan jantung. Faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner diantaranya adalah Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Hipertensi, Kolesterol, Riwayat Keluarga dan sebagainya. Jika kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dapat diprediksi sejak awal berdasarkan faktor risiko yang ada, maka tingkat kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner dapat ditekan menjadi lebih rendah.Tesis ini mengusulkan Model Regresi Logistik Fuzzy untuk memprediksi kemungkinan seseorang untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini adalah membangun model prediksi, kemudian mengestimasi nilai parameter dengan menggunakan metode least square. Selanjutnya pada tahap ketiga mengaplikasikan model yang didapatkan untuk memprediksi penyakit jantung koroner. Setelah itu melakukan uji kelayakan atau kesesuaian model dengan metode Mean Degree of Membership dan yang terakhir menghitung akurasi prediksi dengan menggunakan Confusion Matrix.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, as many as 70% of the causes of death in heart disease were caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). It was recorded that 17.5 million deaths or the equivalent of 30.0% of the world's total deaths were caused by coronary heart disease (WHO, 2017). Coronary heart disease is a disorder of heart function caused by plaque that builds up in the arteries so it interferes with oxygen supply to the heart. This causes blood flow to be reduced and oxygen deficiency occurs. In more serious situations it can prevent heart attacks. Risk factors for coronary heart disease are Age, Gender, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Family History and so on. If there is someone who is a victim of coronary heart disease can be predicted from the beginning, then there is likely to arise more.

This thesis proposes a Fuzzy Logistic Regression Model to predict the possibility of a person suffering from coronary heart disease. The first stage of this research is to build a predictive model, then estimate the parameter values using the least square method. Furthermore, in the third stage, apply a model to predict coronary heart disease. After that, test the feasibility or suitability of the model with the Mean Degree of Membership method and finally calculate the prediction accuracy using the Confusion Matrix."

"Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan penyebab kematian utama padasepertiga penduduk dunia. Di Indonesia, terjadi peningkatan prevalensi penyakitjantung dan pembuluh darah sebagai penyebab kematian peringkat ke-3. Padatahun 2007 prevalensi PJK nasional mencapai 7,2%. C-Reactive Protein (CRP)dikenal sebagai penanda fase akut inflamasi dan berhubungan dengan peningkatankadar plasma karena kerusakan jaringan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkanadanya hubungan antara periodontitis kronis dengan peningkatan kadar CRP.Peningkatan CRP sedang saja sudah meningkatkan risiko PJK. Pada sampelpenelitian ini terlihat penderita periodontitis menunjukkan risiko yang tinggiterhadap PJK. Dugaan adanya kaitan efek patogen periodontal secara langsungmaupun tidak langsung memicu infeksi, mekanisme ini mengaktivasi faktor?faktor inflamasi sehingga CRP sebagai marker respon fase akut dari infeksi jugaakan meningkat.

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Abstract Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in one third of worldpopulation. In Indonesia, there is increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseaseas a cause of death to the rank-3. In 2007 the national prevalence of CHD reached7.2%. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is known as acute phase inflammatory markerand is associated with elevated levels of plasma due to tissue damage. Severalstudies have shown an association between chronic periodontitis with increasedlevels of CRP. Increased CRP was alone increases the risk of CHD. This studylooks at a sample of periodontitis patients showed a high risk of CHD. Allegationshave linked the effects of periodontal pathogens directly or indirectly lead toinfection, this mechanism activates inflammatory factors that CRP as a marker ofacute-phase response to infection will also increase."